Objective To investigate the relation of event-related potentials (ERPs), which are evoked by calculating and number recognizing stimuli.Methods We examined 26 healthy undergraduate students with double-digit (Arabic numbers) and single-digit modify a prescription problems. While the stimulus information was presented, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded simultaneously. ERPs were extracted from EEG data, and then the feature and source of ERPs were analyzed.Results Both calculation and number recognizing induced positive and negative components of ERPs with similar wave form and different latency. The latency of ERPs was conspicuously shorter elicited by number recognizing than by calculating. Grand mean mapping showed the highest amplitudes of ERPs were presented in parietal lobe elicited both by calculating and number recognizing.Conclusion The processing of calculating is more complicated than number recognizing. Calculating and number recognizing may have different electrophysiological background, and they belong to diverse processing course in the brain. Parietal lobe is the functional domains of them.

Objective To study the effects of granisetron hydrochloride on vasovagal syncope(VVS) in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided stochastically into control group and intervention group,12 in each group. The control group was injected intravenously with normal saline. The intervention group was injected intravenously with granisetron hydrchloiride.Rabbit VVS models were established,each was taken at 4 points in time in the bloodletting process:T1,T2,T3,T4,to compare the bloodletting time,the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in T2,T3,T4 and the total blood volume between the groups,and monitor the heart rate, blood pressure during the entire process.Results 1.The time of intervention group in T2,T3,T4 was longer than the time of control group obviously(P

Objective To investigate the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on histological changes and activation of STAT3 in BLM?induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. Methods 30 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group ,BLM group and BLM+VD group. Mice in BLM group and BLM+VD group received intratracheal injection of BLM(3 U/kg). Control group were intratracheally injected equal volume of sterile saline. From the first day after the surgery,mice in BLM+VD group received intraperitoneal injection of VD (5μg/kg·d). After 21 days, H&E and Masson′s trichrome staining were carried out. Aschroft score were used to evaluate histological changes in lungs. IL?6,IL?4 and INF?γin BALF were assessed by Elisa. p?STAT3,α?SMA and Collagen I were detected by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry. Results Fibrosis score and level of α?SMA,Collagen I in BLM group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). However ,treatment with VD effectively at?tenuated fibrosis (P<0.05). IL?6 and IL?4 increased while INF?γwas decreased in BALF of BLM group (P<0.05). VD could ameliorate these changes. Upregulation and neuclear translocation of p?STAT3 were observed in BLM group,while VD intervention could inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3. Conclusions VD attenuate BLM?induced pulmonary fibrosis and regulate inflammatory cytokines probably by blocking STAT3 activation.

Objective To explore the role of MKK34 (a peptide spanning a C-terminal α-helical region in TSLP) on airway inflammation and β-catenin of airway epithelium in a HDM-induced mouse asthma.Methods 32 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control,MKK34,asthma and MKK34 + HDM groups.The mice in the asthma group were exposed to HDM for five consecutive days and the MKK34 + HDM group was pretreated with MKK34 1 h prior to the HDM intranasally treated.After 8 weeks' treatment,animal lung function test and pathological staining were performed to evaluate the asthma situation,IL-4,IFN-γin bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IgE in the serum were detected,immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to assess β-catenin and p-ERK,t-ERK levels.Results Airway reactivity,IL-4 and IgE in the asthma group were significantly higher than that in the control group.Treatment with MKK34 significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness,IL-4 and IgE.HE staining demonstrated the chronic bronchitic inflammation in the lungs of asthma group.β-catenin in the control group was distributed evenly at the cytomembrane of epithelial cells.In the asthma group,β-catenin was disordered in epithelial cells and its expression was decreased.Treatment with MKK34 ameliorated the damage of β-catenin and chronic bronchitic inflammation.The protein levels of p-ERK1/2 increased obviously in the asthma group.The pretreated group significantly decreased the expression of p-ERK1/2.Conclusions MKK34 can ameliorate the airway inflammation and the destruction of β-catenin of airway epithelium in a HDM-induced mouse asthma.The ERK pathway may play a role in this process.

Objective To explore the clinical value of echocardiography in evaluating the cardiovascular safety of drugs for AIDS patients treated by highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART).Methods 45 HIV-infected patients accepted three times of echocardiography respectively before the treatment,and after 48 weeks of HAART and 96 weeks of HAART.All kinds of echocardiographic parameters were measured.Results There were statistically significant differences among baseline group pretreatment [V-LVOT:( 115.0 ± 13.8 ) cm/s,EDT:(166.8 ± 26.7) cm/s,E':(26.8±6.7)cm/s],48 weeks [V-LVOT:( 113.0 ± 12.9)cm/s,EDT:(172.9±31.0)cm/s,E':(23.8 ±5.0)cm/s] of HAART and96 weeks[V-LVOT:(107.0±13.3)cm/s,EDT:(140.4 ± 19.3)cm/s,E':(22.7±6.4)cm/s]of HAART for parameters of V-LVOT,EDT and E'( all P ＜ 0.05 ),other echocardiographic parameters showed no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Short-term of HAART was provided with cardiovascular safety,the invasive echocardiography could accurately evaluate the cardiac function and structure of AIDS patients with HAART.

Objective To assess the prognosis of patients with bladder neck (BN) involvement in radical prostatectomy specimens and compare it with patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).Methods From January 2002 to December 2008,42 patients with prostate carcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy were analyzed retrospectively.The mean age was 70.3 years (range 59-78 years).The patients were divided into two groups according to 2002 TNM system:pT4a group (bladder neck invasion) with 17 cases and pT3b group (unilateral or bilateral seminal vesicle invasion)with 25 cases.Postoperative outpatients were followed-up on a regular basis,two consecutive postoperative serums PSA greater than 0.2 μg/L defined as a biochemical recurrence.The postoperative follow-up to the time of biochemical recurrence or follow up to the deadline without biochemical recurrence were defined as biochemical recurrence free survival time.Results All patients were followed up for 50-122 months.The patients with BN involvement 17.6％ (3/17) had biochemical recurrence,whereas seminal vesicle invasion 24.0％ (6/25),there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Postoperative adjuvant therapies can improve the biochemical recurrence free survival.In this study,the prognosis of pT4a and pT3b group is similar.A conceivable down-staging of BN involvement in the TNM staging system should be considered.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical characteristic and treatment response of the Gleason 5 + 5 prostate cancer and to summarize the prognostic factor of such patients. MethodsFrom January 2005 to May 2010,21 cases of Gleason 5 + 5 prostate cancer were enrolled in this study.The average age was 73 years and the pre-treatment PSA was 60.8 ng/ml.Six of the 21 cases had a PSA level ≤20 ng/ml.The maximal androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the form of castration and Casodex or fluctamide was carried out once the diagnosis was made.Bone metastasis was revealed in 16 cases.PSA levels were tested at the 4th month and then every 3 months after the castration.The observation endpoint was 6 months.Extracorporeal beam irradiation or the systemic chemotherapy was carried out if the PSA did not drop to a normal range after 6 months. ResultsIn the study group with initial PSA ＞ 20 ng/ml,the PSA did not drop to normal range in 5 cases; of which 4 had bone metastasis.With systemic chemotherapy,3 cases died within 1 year.Another case,with localized disease,received an extracorporeal beam irradiation and died within 1 year due to progression of the tumor.Among the remaining 10 cases sensitive to total androgen blockage,7 survived through the end of the study period.One case had PSA recurrence in month seven after the initial therapy and died at month 19.One case had PSA recurrence at month 22 and died at month 36.The patient had his PSA augmented at month 24 after total androgen blockage and the patient passed away 4 months later.Of the 6 cases who had an initial PSA ≤20 ng/ml 4 died within one year. ConclusionsGleason 5 +5 prostate cancer is relatively resistant to ADT with a worse prognosis,especially for the cases with a nadir PSA ＞4 ng/ml after 6 months’ ADT.The patients who had an initial PSA ≤20 ng/ml might have an unsatisfactory clinical outcome.

Objective To discuss the management of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) associated with von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease. Methods Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively from 28 ca-ses ( 16 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 45 years), of whom 15 had bilateral RCC and 13 had unilateral RCC. VHL germline mutation was analyzed in 25 cases. Nephron sparing surgery (NSS) or radical nephrectomy was performed in 24 cases. Results VHL germline mutations were detected in 25 cases including 14 asymptomatic patients. Among 29 solid renal tumors in 9 cases observed for a mean time of 44 months (range 12 to 86), the mean increase in tumor size was 0. 531 cm/year. There were 19(65.5%) tumors>3 cm at the end of follow-up but only 1 developed retroperitoneum lymph nodes metastasis. A total of 87 solid tumors were removed and 62 (71.3%) solid tumors were man-aged by NSS. Pathological results showed 86 clear cell carcinomas (73 Fuhrman Ⅰ and 12 Fuhrman Ⅱ ) and 1 calcified lesion. During mean follow-up of 50(5-237) months, local recurrence occurred in 4 cases treated with NSS; 26 patients were alive at the end of follow-up. Conclusions DNA testing might be helpful in the earlier detection of asymptomatic VHL patients. Most solid renal tumors in VHL disease grow slowly. The majority of the tumors >3 cm may still be indolent and do not metas-tasize during longer follow-up and can be observed. NSS is effective and safe for RCC in VHL disease.

Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocarditis ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the antagonist effect of Curcuma Aromatica (CA) on renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

METHODSNormal renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal control group (Group C), the TGF-beta1 induced model group (Group T), the low dose CA treated group (Group E1), the moderate dose CA treated group (Group E2), the high dose CA group (Group E3), and the Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablet treated group (Group Y). Except Group C, corresponding medication (with an action of 48 h) was administered to cells in the rest groups after they were induced by TGF-beta1 for 24 h. The morphological changes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The distribution of beta-actin protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay. The mRNA expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin (E-cad) were detected by real-time PCR. The concentration of fibronectin (FN) was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSAfter induced by TGF-beta1 for three days, hypertrophy and elongated cells in fusiform-shape occurred,with increased expressions of beta-actin protein in the cytoskeletal structure (P < 0.05), bundle fibrous structure occurred inside cytoplasm with significantly up-regulated intracellular alpha-SMA mRNA expressions (P < 0.05), E-cad mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05), the FN content in the supernate increased (P < 0.05) in Group T. Compared with Group T, partial cells in Group E1, E2, and E3 showed fibrous changes, accompanied with decreased expression of beta-actin protein and FN concentration (P < 0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA increased and the expression E-cad mRNA decreased in Group E2 and E3 (both P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in the expression levels of E-cad and alpha-SMA mRNA (P > 0.05). Compared with Group E1, the expression of beta-actin protein and FN concentration decreased in Group E2 and E3 (P < 0.05). The expressions of alpha-SMA mRNA decreased and E-cad mRNA increased in Group E3 (P < 0.05). Compared with Group Y, the expression of beta-actin mRNA and FN concentration increased in Group E1 (P < 0.05); the expression of beta-actin mRNA increased in Group E3 (P < 0.05); the expression of E-cad mRNA decreased in Group E3 (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the expression of alpha-SMA mRNA among Group E1, E2, and E3 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCA could inhibit the occurrence of TGF-beta1 induced EMT, which could be used as an effective drug for treating chronic renal insufficiency.

Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism