Objective The study of T2DM (n=69) and normal (n=12) subjects suggested that the measurement of plasma GMP-140 was useful in the early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM nephropathy.

Objective: A traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) transformed from Jian Er Ⅱ,Cong Er capsule was studied in protection against age-induced degeneration in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons and auditory nerve fibers in C57 BL /6J mice.A possible protective mechanism was also discussed.Methods : 40 neonatal C57 BL /6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups with an average of 20 animals in each group.The animals in control group were fed with regular mouse feedstuff and regular water after ablactation,while animals in experimental group were fed the same mouse food after ablactation,but drink the medical solution of Cong Er capsule instead of regular water from two months of age.Animals were terminated at 7 months of age.The cochlea were removed and processed for a series of modiolus sections.The density of spiral ganglion neurons in Rosenthal's canal in different turns was counted,and the auditory nerve fibers in habenula perforata at basal turn and apical turn were also quantified respectively.Statistical comparative analysis was performed between the two groups.Results: Density of spiral ganglion neurons in cochlear basal turn in control group was significantly reduced.In survival ganglion neurons,an obvious degeneration was observed in control group.The number of auditory nerve fibers in cochlear basal turn also decreased.In contrast,Cong Er capsule treated animals had an increase in survival ganglions and auditory nerve fibers,especially,a significant difference was seen in density of spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn between the two groups(P

The first national epidemiologic survey of obesity of children 0-7 years old in urban area in China was conducted in 1986. A sampling size was 167,065 of eight main cities representing North, Middle and South of China (The cities are: Beijin, Harbin, Xian, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Fuzhou and Kunming). The definiton of obesity is that the weight for height of children is more than 20% of the weight for height of relatively well-nourished reference population of China. The prevalence is 0.9% (boy 0.93%, girl 0.90%). The geographical contribution of prevalence is 1.76% in North, 0.89% in Middle, 0.42% in South. The criteria period of obesity is 0-3 months and 4-5 years after birth.Bottle feeding, early introducing solid food (1-2 months after birth), early weaning and overfeeding are "obesiogenic" feeding pattern. Overeating much meat and less fruit and less activity in room are"obesiogenic"life pattern.It is estimated that the resourse of obese children will mainly" come from low income family in future. Parents' attitude plays an important role in aspect of overfeeding of obese children.The factor of spoiling children can not be ignored in etiology of obesity in childhood. The Chinese traditional social custom and cultural philosophy such as children's activity always being limited can result in higher prevalence of severe obesity in boys.Under the situation of economic, cultural and child health care service in China, now, the birth weight is not a good indicator of obesity in late life. Obesity in preschool children is not associated with hypertension.The author indicated that obesity has become a health problem of children in China. Attention should be focused on the popular health education on nutrition knowledge and changing the unresonable feeding pattern and life style.

Objective To study clinical therapeutic effect of endovascular embolization on cerebral arteriovenous malformation(cAVM). Methods In digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 23 patients suffering from cAVM were treated by endovascular embolization with NBCA through microduct technique. 6 cases were embolizated only one time, and 17 cases more than one time. 11 patients were treated with gamma knife after embolization. Results Among 23 patients, 6 cases of cAVM were embolizated completely, 4 cases more than 95%, 9 cases 75% to 95%, and 4 cases less than 70%. 3 patients occurred dizziness and headache after embolization. All patients were followed up after treatment, 4 cases had seizure, and the others' symptoms were obviously improved. Conclusion Endovascular embolization was a safe and effective method for treating cAVM, and combination of embolization and gamma knife could improve the clinical efficiency.

Objective To study the preventive effect of recombinant streptokinase (r-SK) on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods Rabbit models of SAH were made by double blood injection into cisterna magna. A tube was inserted into lateral ventricle after 24 h. In group treating one, 1.25 mg r-SK were injected into lateral ventricle, and the tube was opened for drainage after closed 6 h, and then 6 h later, injection, closed pipe and drainage were recycled for another 2 times. In the group SAH , 1 ml normal saline (NS) was injected into lateral ventricle, and then the way was the same as group treating one. In group treating two, 3.75 mg r-SK were injected for once. 6 h, 12 h ,1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d later, 1 ml CSF was drained from the lateral ventricle in groups SAH , treating one and treating two ,respectively. The level of OxyHb in CSF was detected, angiograms of basilar artery(BA) were performed before and after 7 d of SAH,calculation the rate of calibre and histological examinations were also performed. Results (1)The level of OxyHb in CSF of group SAH was increased gradually while decreased in groups treating one and treating two. Compared with group SAH, the levels of OxyHb were significant lower in groups treating one and treating two at 1～7 d after administration(P

Objective To summary indications and treatment results of operation and endovascular interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms. Methods From 1992 to 2003 , 345 cases of intracranial aneurysms were reviewed .We putted attention to condition of patients and the size, shape and site of aneurysms particulary. Angiography was requested in all patients at different times. Results 236 patients undergo clipping operation . 31 patients appeared operation complications. 6 patients with postoperative hemorrhage recepted surgical operation again.9 cases died.3 patients were reoperated because of aneurysm clips translatory. 103 cases were embolized by microcoil.4 cases suffered transient aphasia after embolization, recovered after medical treatment. 1 patients died because of cerebral vessel spasm. 6 patients recepted medical treatment. Conclusions Operation is suitable for very small,gaint aneurysms which locate anterior circulation and indovascular interventional therapy for small, middle, big aneurysms. The result needs further long term follow-up study.

Objective To study the effects of treating intracranial hypertension(ICP) with different dosage Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide.Methods 60 patients with high ICP after all kinds of operations on cranium and brain were divided into 4 groups according to the dosage of Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide: 0.5 g/kg Mannitol(group A),1.0 g/kg Mannitol(group B),0.5 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group C),1.0 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group D).The effective power,rebound ratio,average effective time,average amplitude of decreasing ICP,plasma osmolarity and renal function were evaluated by monitoring intracranial pressure.Results In response of the effective power,rebound ratio of ICP and average effective time,groups C and D were more noticeable than groups A and B(all(P

Objective: To compare the effect of urapidil at different doses on blood pressure and prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) so as to provide data evidence for its clinical use.Methods: Totally 62 patients with AIS were divided into 3 groups in a prospective study: 20 cases in high dosage group, 21 cases in middle dosage group and 21 cases in low dosage group.All the patients were treated with urapidil and urokinase, and the initial dose of urapidil was 25 mg, 15 mg and 5 mg, respectively.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the patients before and after the treatment were observed, and the US national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were also evaluated in the follow-ups.Results: The time of blood pressure up to standard in the middle dosage group and low dosage group was longer than that in the high dosage group.At the same time, the time of blood pressure up to standard in the low dosage group was longer than that in the middle dosage group, and the difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).After the treatment, SBP and DBP at T1 in all the groups were notable lower than those at T0,and those at T2 and T3 were lower than those at T1, and the differences had statistical significance (P＜0.05).After the treatment, the SBP and DBP levels in the high dosage group were lower than those in the middle dosage group and low dosage group, and those in the middle dosage group were lower than those in the low dosage group, and the differences had statistical significance (P＜0.05).The NIHSS, mRS and ADL scores of the middle dosage group were lower than those of the low dosage and the high dosage group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference between the latter two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion: With the initial dose of 15 mg, urapidil can ensure good prognosis on the premise of effective decompression.

Objective To study the role of monochromatic energy images from spectral CT in diagnosing X-ray negative biliary stones.Methods 32 patients who were diagnosed to have X-ray negative biliary stones were retrospectively studied.They were examined by spectral CT scanning and the spectral CT data were loaded into a spectrum analysis software.The optimal contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the monochromatic energy images were exposed and the contrast ratio between the X-ray negative stones and bile on the optimal monochromatic and hybrid energy CT images were compared,respectively.The monochromatic and hybrid energy CT images for diagnosing X-ray negative biliary stones were validated by two senior radiologists based on postoperative histology.Results The corresponding KeV of optimal CNR for X-ray negative stones were not quite consistent.They were 140KeV in 19 patients,40KeV in 8 patients,53KeV,57KeV,62KeV,64KeV and 73KeV in one patient each.The contrast between the negative stones and the adjacent bile were (6.4 ±5.6) HU on hybrid energy CT images and (50.4 ±24.4) HU on optimal monochromatic energy CT images.The Eff-Z of negative stones and bile were 6.6 ± 0.6 and 7.9 ± 0.2,respectively.In our study,the diagnostic accuracy of hybrid energy CT images was 34.38％ and that of optimal monochromatic energy CT images was 78.13％.Conclusion The optimal monochromatic energy CT images were more valuable in diagnosing X-ray negative bile duct stones,which were obviously better than the hybrid energy images from traditional CT.

Objective:To assess the compliance and efficacy of mirtazapine or armitriptyline in the maintance treatment of depression. Methods:60 depressive outpatients were randomly allocated to two groups treated with mirtazapine or armitriptyline for 52 weeks. Before treatment and at the ends of 12 weeks and 52 weeks of treatment, to assess the efficacy using the Hamiltion Depression Scale (HAMD)and Clinical Global Impression(CGI),to assess the compliance and the adverse-effects using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)and Clinical Global Impression(CGI),to assess the compliance and the adverse-effects using Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).Results:After 12 weeks, significant improvement was observed respectively in the two groups(P