Objective To investigate infectious complications and analyze their risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and provide clue for antibiotics treatment. Methods Patients with SLE admitted to our hospital between 2002 and 2007 were. reviewed, and the characteristics of their infections including the infection sites, pathogens and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were investigated. The suspected risk factors of infections in patients with SLE were selectod and then analyzed by chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results The prevalence of infection in this group of patients was 24.4% (130/533). One patient died from respiratory tract infection. The common infection sites were respiratory tract (56.9%), urinary tract (23.8%) and skin (18.5%). Bacteria were the most common pathogens of infections in SLId pa-tients (53.3%), the majority of which were gram-negative bacteria. The second major pathogen was fungus (39.2%), and the third was the combination of bacteria and fungus. There were 7 patients with tuberculosis. The common strains causing infections in SLE patients were. Escheriehia coli, Klebsiella pneumonea, Pseu-domonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showod that the drug resistant rates increased rapidly. The gram-negative ones were sensitive to eefoperazone-sulbac-tam and carbopenems. The infection-related risk analysis suggested that the independent risk factors of infections in SLE patients included old age, hypopruteinemia, moderate anemia and high dose of eorticos-teruids treat-ment. Conclusion Those patients with infection-related risk factors should be monitored closely for infec-tions. Respiratory tract and urinary tract are the most common infectious sites in SLId patients, and gram-nega-tive bacteria are the major pathogens, so antibiotics such aa cefoperazone-sulbactam or carbopenems may be good choices before the result of antimicrobial susceptibility test information is available.

Objective To observe the effects of Kuijiening Plaster point application on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 in serum and colonic tissue of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency; To investigate the possible mechanism of Kuijiening for the treatment of UC with spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Methods Sennae Folium solution gavage, ice water stimulation and trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid ethanol combinative methods were applied to establish the models of UC rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Rat models were randomly divided into control group, model group, application group and SASP group, 10 in each group. The control group and model group were given medicine-free cataplasm matrix point application and perfused with NS. The application group was given Kuijiening Plaster point application and perfused with NS. SASP group was given medicine-free cataplasm matrix point application and perfused with SASP. The courses were 28 days. General conditions of rats in each group were observed during treatment. The general morphology and pathological form of colonic tissue were observed with naked eye and light microscopy through HE staining respectively in each group post-treatment. Pathological features were observed and scored by HE dyeing. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum and colonic tissue of rats in each group were detected with ELISA. Results The general conditions, gross morphology and optical microscope pathological morphology of colonic tissue improved and scores decreased in application group and SASP group. Compared with the model group, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 significantly increased, while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 decreased in serum and colonic tissue in application group and SASP group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Moreover, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in application group decreased not as much as those in SASP group, while IFN-γ and IL-12 concentration increased higher than SASP group, without statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Kuijiening Plaster point application can play a role in treating UC with spleen-kidney yang deficiency through partially restoring the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon tissue of rats.

Literatures on arrhythmia induced by acute organophosphorous pesticide poisoning published in domestic journals from 1979 to 2010 were searched. Total 3468 cases of acute organophosphorous poisoning were collected and analyzed. The average abnormal ECC rate was (53 ±15)%(35. 4% -68. 4% ) in acute organophosphorous poisoning, the most common ECG abnormalities were ST-T segment changes (26. 5% ) and sinus tachycardia (16. 6% ). The rate and severity of ECG abnormalities were increased with the severity of organophosphorous poisoning(x2 = 33. 253,P < 0. 01). The most common causes of death in acute organophosphorous poisoning were ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (26.2%).

Background Cystoid macular edema(CME) is an important cause of visual impairment of central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) has increased speed and higher resolution,offering a better chance of understanding the morphological changes and pathogenesis of CME. Objective This study was to survey the morphologic features of macular edema associated with CRVO by SD-OCT. Methods Clinical data of the patients with CRVO diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2008 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.SD-OCT features of macular edema induced by CRVO were analyzed and recorded.Results The average macular foveal thickness was(527.5±218.2) μm in macular edemas eyes.Main morphological changes included 55 cases(84.6%) of CME,15 cases of(23.1%) serous macular detachment(SMD),and 10 cases(15.4%) of simple macular edema,and these findings occurred at the same time in some eyes.Cystoid spaces in the parafoveal region were seen in the inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer,and discontinuous or weak inner segment/outer segment(IS/OS) line was often seen in CME.The incidence of CME associated with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was 14.5%,and that of neural epithelial edema associated with incomplete PVD was 10.0%,showing an insignificant difference between them(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).The average area of SMD was 1838.4μm ×1428.1μm×190.1μm,and the incidence of partial PVD was higher(χ2=4.266,P=0.039).Conclusion SD-OCT can reveal the micro-morphological change of macular zone in macular edema eye.SD-OCT enabled visualization of its spatial extent in each retinal layer and the condition of IS/OS layer.Serous macular edema is related with partial PVD.

Background The current epidemiology study had shown the prevalence of age and sex adjusted dry eye was higher in patients with diabetes than population without diabetes.Further researches demonstrated that the tear film disturbance is common after the phacoemulsification or photocoagulation in the eyes of diabetic patients.Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features of tear film instability in diabetes patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients with tear-film abnormality referred to Tongren Eye Center from January 1,2010 to September 1,2010 underwent questionnaire about diabetes and other diseases,BUT,Schirmer test.Tear film instability was diagnosed as abnormality of either Schirmer test or BUT and showed as M ( Q25,Q75 ).The right eyes of 162 dry eye patients meeting with the including criteria were enrolled.The patients were assigned to two groups according to with ( 80 patients) or without ( 82 patients) diabetes mellitum.DEQ questionnaire were scored.The percentage of cases with meibomain gland abnormal score ＞ 1 was calculated.Mann-Whitney U analysis and Chisquare analysis were used to compare the difference between the two groups.Results The Schirmer test in diabetic group was 8 ( qualities:5,9 )mm and was longer than 6 ( qualities:5,7 ) mm in non-diabetic patients ( U =2452,P =0.00).The result of BUT test was 3 ( qualities:2,4 ) seconds in diabetic patients and was shorter than 4 (qualities:3,5) seconds in non-diabetic patients( U=2104,P＜0.01 ).The DEQ score of diabetic patients was 15 ( qualities:1 0,19,which was less than21 ( qualities:19,23.25 ) in non-diabetic patients.51.2 ％ ( 41/80 ) diabetic participants and 32.9％ (27/82) nondiabetic participants appeared meibography ( grade larger than 1 ) (x2 =16.07,P=0.00).The percentages of dry eyes were 51.2％ (41/80) and 93.9％ (77/82) respectively in diabetes and nondiabetes groups(x2 =37.24,P＜0.01 ).No significant correlation was found between the diabetes course and DEQ score or meibography( r =0.16,P =0.16 ; r =0.10,P =0.36 ).Conclusions Diabetes patients with tear film instability have longer Schirmer test results,shorter BUT,more severe meibomain glands damage and lower DEQ scores.The dry eye symptom is lack in the diabetic patients though appearing the tear film and meibomain glands damage.Therefore,more attention should be given to ocular surface health in diabetes patients.

OBJECTIVE To prepare the Graves disease (GD) mouse model through porcine thyroid globulin (PTG) injection and investigate the morbidity and stability of the model. METHODS C57BL6/N mice in model group received multi-point subcutaneous injection of PTG 25μg each week,six times in all. After the end of immunization,their heart rate and oxygen consumption were measured and serum triiodothyronine(T3)level was determined every two weeks. A model was considered successful if serum T3 level was higher than x+3s of the control group. Observation of the model lasted 12 weeks. At the 12th week,spleen and thymus gland indices,serum thyroid globulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were measured,and the thyroid glands were taken for pathological observation. RESULTS After six times of immunization,mice in model group showed increased heart rate(P<0.01),oxygen consumption(P<0.01)and T3 level(P<0.01)compared with control group. The morbidity was 77.7%for male mice and 88.8%for females. In addition,T3 level in model group remained higher than that in control group within 12 weeks after immunization. The T3 level tended to decrease in male mice,but remained at a relatively stable higher level in females. CONCLUSION This method is suitable for GD modeling due to its short model-making time,high morbidity and long durability.

Keratorefractive surgery changes the central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature, which could influence the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact tonometer (NCT) measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), but not dynamic contour tonometer(DCT). During the procedure of LASIK, there is a transient rise of IOP, which increases the risks of optic nerve damage. Meanwhile, the presence of functioning filtering blebs may affect the choice and outcome of refractive surgery, or even becomes a contraindication of surgery. Steroids are typically used after keratorefractive surgery, which could lead to IOP elevation. Hence it is important to monitor IOP after LASIK and to be aware of inaccurate IOP readings due to corneal flap interface fluid. Treating patients with postoperative elevated IOP after keratorefractive surgery is similar to that for patients with glaucoma. This review will address the issues surrounding the safety, relevant complications and implications of keratorefractive surgeries on glaucoma and relevant diagnostic tests.

Objective To observe the oxidative stress, integrity of lysosome and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells 6 (IEC-6) after heat stress, and explore the pathogenesis of intestinal damage caused by heat stress.Methods In the heat stress groups,the cells were incubated at 43℃ for 1 hour, then, further incubated at 37℃ and 5% CO2 for 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours respectively; in the medicine intervention group, the cells were pretreated with the medicine 1h before heat stress; while in control group, the cells were incubated at 37℃ and 5% CO2. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed with 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. The stability of lysosome membrane was checked by AO staining. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using annexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining, CCK-8 assay was used to assess cellular viability.Results Compared with control group, cell viability decreased and apoptosis increased at 1 h after heat stress, which was the most obvious at 12h after rewarming (P<0.05). While ROS and pale cells increased immediately after heat stress and the increase become the most obvious (P<0.05). The cell viability in E-64 pretreatment group was significantly improved such as apoptosis reduction, compared with heat stress group (P<0.05).Conclusion Heat stress could induce robust increase of ROS, which mediates lysosome damage and results in cell apoptosis, thus suggesting that ROS-lysosome pathway may play an important role in intestinal injury in heat stress.

Objective:To reduce the approval attitude to domestic violence by psychological intervention for high-risk target groups.Methods:Two districts were randomly selected from the total 5 districts in Changsha,and 93 couples with high risk of spousal violence were screened from a random sample of 317 couples.They were divided into intervention group(42 couples)and control group(51 couples).Mental health education and trainings to prevent from spousal violence were provided to the intervention group 6～7 times within 6 months,while no intervention methods were provided to the control group.After 6 months,25 couples in the intervention group and 37 couples in the control group completed the investigation and evaluation on domestic violence attitude.Results:After 6 months,the number of couples that accepted or partly accepted domestic violence was reduced(15 couples vs.25 couples),also less than that of the control group( 43 couples).No significant difference was found in the control group between before and after the intervention(P>0.05).Conclusion:The psychological intervention to the newly-married couples can change their attitudes to domestic violence.

Objective To explore the protective effect of propofol on endothelial cells during heat stress and its protective effect to mitochondra. Methods Heat stress model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell was established when cells were incubated at 43℃ for 2h, then further incubted at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 6h. The experimental group was subdivided into six groups, including 37℃ group, 37℃ plus intralipid group (negative control group), 37℃ plus propofol group, 43℃ plus propofol group, 43℃ plus intralipid group, H2O2 plus propofol group (positive control group); Pretreated with 50μmol/L propofol, 0.2ml intralipid or 25μmol/L H2O2 before heat stress at 43℃, while the cells in the control group were incubated at 37℃. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8. ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and the changes in mitochondrial permeability transition pore were determined by flow cytometry. The level of ATP was detected by fluorescein-luciferase. The changes of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were analyzed by Caspase Activity Assay Kit. Results HUVESs cell viability and damage of mitochondra were significantly decreased after heat stress. Compared with 43℃ heat stress group, pretreatment with propofol induced the recovery of cell viability and the ROS levels were significantly decreased in HUVEC cells (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the number of cells representing the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (the proportion of JC-1 monomer) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) by propofol. The average fluorescence intensity of calcein which representing the MPTP changes and intracellular ATP content was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated by caspase-9/3 was also inhibited. Conclusions Propofol have anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis and mitochondria protective effect against endothelial cell injury during heat stress.