Extensive use of tributyltin (TBT) has caused serious environmental pollution, which is harmful to human and other organisms. As a cytotoxic chemical, an important mode for TBT effects on the cells is to induce apoptosis. The present paper mainly reviewed the mechanism by which TBT induces apoptosis at low concentration.

The comprehensive analysis and comparison of the application and the technical character of a variety of hematology analyzer widely used in China's medical institutions is proposed on the basis of an introduction to the principle and technical features involved in the five-classification technology of the hematology analyzer, and the combined analysis on behalf of the five-classification technology is focused in above. Finally, the development trend of the hematology analyzer is summarized.

Objective To detect the level of Tnl and T.2 type cytokines in the patients with lym-phoma in order to find out the laboratory evidence of tumor immunotherapy. Methods The levels of serum IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) in 92 patients with lymphoma, and 70 normal sera as control. Results The levels of TH1 type cytokincs in 92 patients with lymphoma were: IFN-γ (34.26 ± 33.48) pg/ml, TNF-α (8.17 ± 10. 09) pg/ml, IL-2 (3.74 ±1.72) pg/ml; and the levels of TH2 type cytokines were: IL-10 (6. 28±8.56) pg/ml, IL-5 (3.53 ±3.20) pg/ml, IL-4 (6.22±7.13) pg/ml. The levels of TH1 and TH2 cytokines in lymphoma patients were significantly higher than those in controls(P ＜ 0.01) except TNF-α. And the rate of IL-2/IL-4 was signifi-cantly decreased in lymphoma patients(P ＜0.01). The level of IL-10 in Ⅲ/Ⅳ stage lymphoma patients was much higher than that in Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage patients(P ＜0.01). The level of IFN-γ/was significantly decreased in aged patients with lymphoma (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion TH 1/TH2 is imbalance in lymphoma, which may provide clinical index for the evaluation of progrossien and prognosis. In the lymphoma patients TH1/TH2 shifts to TH2, which may be the mechanism of tumor arising and transferring by immune escape from immu-nosurveillance.

This article studies the status quo of professional psychological pressures among 211 doctors in Peking University and influencing factors.It can be inferred that the most important source for professional psychological pressures comes from overloaded job.Certain countermeasures are also raised from a humanistic perspective on national,social,organizational,and individual levels,aiming to relieve clinicians' professional psychological pressures and fully develop their working potentials.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of modified uvulopaoatopharyngoplasty(UPPP)on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).METHODS Sixty eight cases of OSAHS were treated with modified UPPP.During operations,the uvula was preserved,the fat tissues of space veli palatine were dissected,palatoplasty and pharyngoplasty were performed.All the patients were followed up for over 6 months.Polysomnography(PSG)was monitored again one year after operation.RESULTS The symptoms of dyspnea,snoring,sleepiness were disappeared or improved obviously after 6 months.The effective rate was 95.6% at one year after operation.CONCLUSION The modified UPPP not only extends the oropharyngeal cavity,but also avoids postoperative complications and improve the effectiveness of UPPP.

Objective To investigate the alteration of protein kinase C (PKC) and endothelin system in early diabetic rats, and the effect of specific PKC inhibitor on the expression of retinal endothelin-1 (ET-1). Methods The rats model with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes were set up. The expression of retinal PKC was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of retinal ET-1, ET-3, ET-A and ET-B receptor mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The alteration of retinal ET-1 mRNA after intravitreal injection of PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats was also observed. Results The activities of membranous PKC were significantly increased in 2-week diabetic rats compared with that in normal rats(t=3.296, P=0 008), while activities of cytosolic PKC were unchangeable(t=0 138, P=0 894). The expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased(P=0 008), while no change was found in expression of ET-3, ET-A and ET-B mRNA(P=0 918,P=0 889,P=0 500). After intravitreal injection of 10 -5、10 -6、10 -7 mol/L PKC inhibitor GF109203X in diabetic rats, the expression of retinal ET-1 mRNA was decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control rats. Conclusion Activation of PKC and increased expression of ET-1 could be found in the retina of early diabetic rats, and PKC inhibitor could inhibit the expression of retinal ET-1.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of breeze heat treatment with site blood circulation for abdominal purpura allergic acupoint application therapy. Methods 96 patients were randomly divided into treatment and control group ,with 48 people in each. Both groups received traditional Chinese medicine with conventional therapy. Control group was given oral medicine treatment and acupoint application while the treatment group was given enema treatment. Clinical parameters observed includes degree of symptoms released ,the number of days in hospital and laboratory test results. Results The number of days in treatment group and hospital stay significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). In terms of laboratory tests,the degree of improve?ment of the treatment group than the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Treatment of dispersing heat blood circulation acupoint sticking with the treatment for abdominal type allergic purpura can sig?nificantly improve symptoms and laboratory tests ,with no obvious adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the content of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in different clinical stages and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Sixty-two DLBCL patients were divided into 3 groups according to clinical stages:stage Ⅱ group (21 cases),stage Ⅲ group (21 cases ),stage Ⅳ group (20 cases).Thirty healthy examiners were selected as control group.Two ml peripheral blood was taken from every person.Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+) and NK cell count were detected by flow cytometry(FCM) and CD4+/CD8+ was calculated.Results CD3+ in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups[(854.6 ± 276.9 ) × 106/L,(823.3 ± 211.5)× 106/L] were lower than those in control group[(1268.8 ±684.0) × 106/L] and stage Ⅳ group [(1332.7 ±571.2) × 106/L](P ＜ 0.05).CD4+ in stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups [(433.5 ± 240.7) × 106/L,(423.8 ± 234.8) ×106/L,(423.0 ± 143.8 ) × 106/L] were lower than those in control group [(751.3 ± 367.4) × 106/L] (P ＜0.05).CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in stageⅣ group [(861.2 ±634.1) × 106/L,0.5 ±0.3] were significantly higher than those in control group [(455.9 ± 334.6) × 106/L,2.1 ± 1.3],stage Ⅱ group [(390.6 ± 54.1 ) × 106/L,1.0 ±0.8] and stageⅢ group [(377.4 ±493) × 106/L,0.9 + 0.6](P＜0.05).NK cell in stage Ⅳgroup was obviously lower than that in control group[(210.3 ± 122.0) × 106/L vs.(353.3 ± 284.7) × 106/L,P＜ 0.05].And the higher clinical stage was,the lower NK cell was.Conclusions With the clinical stage increasing,the immunity depression and disorder of DLBCL patients become more and more serious,the more tumor burden is,the worse NK cell activity is.

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) and minimally invasive dynamic hip screw (MIDHS) in treating osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures so as to discuss the differences of the two treatment methods.Methods A retrospective study was done on 48 elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures.All the patients were randomly treated with THR (THR group) and MIDHS internal fixation ( MIDHS group).After a follow-up of over six months,the two groups were compared concerning the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,postoperative hip function,and postoperative complications.ResultsTHR group had longer operation time,larger volume of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage as compared with the MIDHS group.The incidence of internal fixation loosening varied significantly with different degree of osteoporosis in the MIDHS group,but not in the THR group.The loosening rate of the implants in the MIDHS and THR groups was 33.3％ and 4.1％ respectively,with significant difference.Functional evaluation of hip showed no significant differences between the two groups six months postoperatively.ConclusionFor achieving earlier and better functional recovery and less postoperative complications in the management of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures,MIDHS can be considerel for the elderly patients with low degree of osteoporosis and THR for younger patients with high degree of osteoporosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the international prognosis indexes(IPT) and the cell-mediated immunity condition in DLBCL patients. Methods52 DLBCL patients were divided into 4 groups and the FCM was used to examine the T lymphocyte subsets,including CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK cells.T lymphocyte subsets absolute value and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were examined. Correlation with IPI were compared among groups.ResultsCD3+ cells in high risk group [(1570.9±370.5)/μl]were higher than other IPI groups;CD4+ cells in DLBCL groups were all lower than normal group(751.3±367.4)/μl]; CD8+ cells in high risk group [(1055.9±523.8)/μl] were higher than other groups; CD4+/CD8+ ratio in middle-high risk group and high risk group (1.0±0.2、0.7±1.0)were lower than other IPI groups and normal group;NK cells in middle-high risk group and high risk group were lower than the normal group[(199.5±68.4)/μl、(171.9±126.9)/μl];Age,clinical stage,body state had correlated with the CD3+ 、CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the DLBCL patients' peripheralblood T lymphosyte subsets. ConclusionsThe immunity condition in DLBCL patients has correlated with IPI; With increasing IPI value,the immunity depression and disorder become more serious,NK cells function become worse,and the prognosis is bad too.