The problem of intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed, the TCM protection system and patent protection system are studied. The author puts forward some deficiencies of the existing protection system, and puts forward some improvement methods possible.

Health Promotion ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment

Cataract is still the main blinding eye disease,and it is a major goal of fighting blindness in China.In the past years,the diagnosis,treatment technology and equipment have made great progress.With the further understanding of this disease and increasing requirement of patients for the quality of life,the standardization,safety and efficacy of the clinical diagnosis and surgical outcomes of cataract have become much more important.So the relative clinical examination approaches,modified operating skills,new surgery development and application as well as novel type of functional IOLs design advance rapidly,which provide an expensive space for the selection of the treatment for cataract.High quality of cataract surgery depends on preoperative precise biometry,reasonable operating scheme targeting at personality,suitable functional IOL,less intra-or post-operative complications,effectively avoiding treatment risk and correctly processing disadvantageous factors affecting postoperative visual quality.Therefore,the management of cataract surgery is a systemic procedure.The issue of improving ophthalmic examination,new cataract surgical technique and new IOL emerges as the time requires.How to make up individual-based treatment options for patients,better improve postoperative visual quality,enhance the safety of operative procedure,reduce operative complications is the challenges and unremitting goal for the ophthalmologists.

Regeneration ; Tissue Engineering ; Vocal Cords

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Laboratories ; organization & administration ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; administration & dosage

Antihistamines,a group of drugs most commonly used for the treatment of allergic diseases in dermatology,exert favorable efficacy and are well tolerated in most people.Due to their wide application,the safety of medication is particularly important.When they are used in some special populations with allergic diseases,such as children,pregnant and lactating women,the elderly and people with hepatic or renal insufficiency,their pharmacodynamics,metabolic characteristics and interactions with other drugs should be fully considered,and profits of medication and potential adverse effects should be well weighed before choosing relatively safe antihistamines.In addition,decreasing the routine dose or prolonging intervals between the administration of antihistamines may also be attempted to achieve maximum safety.

Large number of TCM ancient books, the literature, has a long history and complicated contents, including the principles, methods, prescriptions, medicines and other various aspects. How to obtain and make use of knowledge in ancient books, we must establish a set of relatively precise knowledge and semantic relation networks. Knowledge yun performing reasonable rebuilding of TCM literature, containing much TCM knowledge and information, will be an important way for knowledge findings.

Child ; Humans ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Vocal Cords

With chinese pharmaceutical companies in the rapid development, there are many factors restricting their development, this article through consulting relevant literature, data and investing, analyzing the shortage of the pharmaceutical enterprises at the present stage in China and the factors of restricting their development, so as to put forward the solution to the current situation of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and the related measures, make more long-term and healthy development of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.

AIM To investigate the effects of p38 MAPK signaling on diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells. METHODS Morphological changes and quantification of apoptotic cells were determined under fluorescence microscope after a 24 h treatment of CNE2 by DADS. Cell viability was determined with MTT method. Apoptosis detection was taken to the cells on flowcytometry. The expression of phospho p38 MAPK was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS After treatment with DADS at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 for 24 h,DADS elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes (chromatic condensation, nucleus fragmentation). The amount of apoptosis cells increased in a concentration dependent manner but cell cycle arrest did not at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 ,incubation of CNE2 with DADS for 24 h also induced phospho p38 MAPK expression in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, DADS induced apoptosis was markedly increased by preincubation with SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor,and increased the expression of phospho p42/ p44 CCDPK in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION DADS activates p38 MAPK,and phospho p38 MAPK signaling appears to play protective roles in DADS induced apoptosis in CNE2.