OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of pituitrin combined with phentolamine versus pitui-trin alone in the treatment of bronchiectasis hemoptysis(BH),and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBase,CJFD,Wanfang and VIP database,the randomized controlled trails(RCT)about pituitrin combined with phentolamine(test group)versus pituitrin alone(control group)in the treatment of BH were collected,and afterdata extract and quality evaluation ,Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2.3 statistics soft-ware. RESULTS:A total of 43 RCTs were included,involving 3 094 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the significant effi-cacy [RR=1.50,95%CI(1.38,1.62),P<0.001] and effective rate [RR=1.25,95%CI(1.20,1.30),P<0.001] in test group were sig-nificantly higher than control group,inefficacy [RR=0.29,95%CI(0.23,0.36),P<0.001], hemoptysis stopped or remission time [MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.43,-1.57),P<0.001],incidence of headache [RR=0.36,95%CI(0.22,0.59),P<0.001],incidence of chest tightness [RR=0.41,95%CI(0.26,0.63),P<0.001],incidence of abdominal pain [RR=0.26,95%CI(0.16,0.43),P<0.001] and incidence of elevated blood pressure [RR=0.28,95%CI(0.14,0.56),P<0.001] in test group were significantly lower than control group,there were significant differences in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Pituitrin combined with phentolamine has better efficacy and safety than pituitrin alone in the treatment of BH. Due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it re-mains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Erythropoiesis ; physiology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation

Purpose To assess the effect of pelvicfloor electrical stimulation treatment by transperineal sonography, so as to provide guidance for postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation.Materials and Methods Thirty-one delivery women who received postpartum pelvicfloor rehabilitation were selected as research group and 30 non-pregnant young women as control group in the study. Pelvicfloor electromyography treatment was taken in research group, and transperineal sonography was undergone in quiet state and pressure state (Valsalva operation) before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the tenth treatment respectively to measure the bladder neck to the public symphysis edge distance (Dr, Ds), bladder neck angle (θr,θs) and bladder rotation angle (θ). A comparison was made between the research group and control group.Results①Dr and Ds in research group were both lower than those in control group (P<0.05), butθr,θs andθ were all higher than those in control group (P<0.05).②Dr and Ds showed a gradual increase (P<0.05) whilstθr presented a gradual decrease before the treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the tenth treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Natural childbirth may damage the function of pelvicfloor; electrical stimulation of pelvic therapy is effective on postpartum pelvicfloor rehabilitation; and transperineal sonography can objectively assess the effect of this therapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with swallowing training for relieving dysphagia in stroke patients.Methods A total of 150 chronic stroke patients at least 3 months post-stroke who were afflicted with dysphagia were randomly and evenly divided into a conventional swallowing training group,an NMES group,and an NMES combined with conventional swallowing training group.Prior to and after treatment,surface electromyography (sEMG) signals from the swallowing muscles were detected,swallowing function was evaluated using the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA),their swallowing was studied videofluoroscopically (VFSS),and a swallowing-related quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) was administered.Results There were significant differences in the maximum amplitude of sEMG signals,and the scores on the SSA,VFSS and SWAL-QOL in both groups between prior to and after treatment.After 4 weeks of treatment,the maximum amplitude of the sEMG signals and all three assessment scores were significantly higher where NMES had been combined with conventional swallowing training group compared with the other two groups.Indeed,there was no significant difference between the group which had received conventional swallowing training and the NMES groups.The analysis of coefficients revealed correlation between sEMG maximum amplitude and the SSA,VFSS and SWALQOL results.Conclusions NMES combined with conventional swallowing training is helpful for improving swallowing function in chronic stroke patients with dysphagia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of Xpert detection system of Clostridium difficile (C.difficile).Methods A total of 43 stool specimens from the patients with diarrhea were collected,and C.difficile in stool specimens were detected by the Xpert detection system,the toxigenic culture method,and the toxin detection method which detected the toxin of C.difficile by VⅥDAS automatic analyzer after anaerobic culture,respectively.The analytic performance of Xpert detection system was evaluted based on the toxigenic culture method as the gold standard.Meanwhile,the consistency of the results from different detection methods was compared.The ribotype 027 strain (ATCC BAA-1870) simulating the stool specimen was further used to verify the Xpert detection system.Results Based on the gold standard of the toxigenic culture method,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Xpert detection system were 90.9％,93.8％,83.3％ and 96.8％,respectively.The Kappa values for the consistency between the Xpert detection system and the toxigenic culture method or the toxin detection method were 0.822 (P ＜ 0.05) and 0.419 (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Moreover,the ribotype 027 strain simulating the stool specimen was verified by the Xpert detection system successfully.Conclusion The Xpert detection system may rapidly and accurately detect the C.difficile in stool specimens,especially the ribotype 027 strain with high toxicity.

Objective To analyze the serum proteomic pattern of the cervical cancer patients,to develope diagnostic model and to evaluate its clinical significance.Methods WCX magnetic bead and MALDI-TOF were used to detect the serum proteomic pattern of 77 patients with cervical squanmous cell carcinomas,13 patients with CINⅢ and 52 healthy women.Biomarker Wizard software was used to detect protein peaks and potential difference between cervical cancer and controls.The model was developed by Biomarker Patterns software.Results A diagnostic pattern consisting of three differential protein peaks was established with 100%(32/32)sensitivity and 93.8%(30/32)specificity.A sensitivity of 77.8%(35/45)and a specificity of 75%(15/20)in blind test were obtained.The diagnostic model also could discriminate CINⅢ and SCC-Ag negative patients from controls.Conclusion The diagnostic pattern combining 3974,3398,13732m/z protein peaks can discriminate not only cervical squamous cell cancer but also CINⅢ and SCC-Ag negative patients from controls.

To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Phenylpropionates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of serum Bushen Huoxue prescription(Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts, and explore mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) for preventing osteoporosis.

METHODSTwenty health female rats were randomly divided into two groups, including Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and saline group,10 in each group. Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and Saline group were gavaged Bushen Huoxue and saline every day for 1 week. Bushenhuoxue containing serum and saline containing serum were got according to methods of serum preparation of drug-containing. The osteoblasts was cultured with neonatal rat skull according to Enzyme Consumer Law, and was identified by Wright-Giemsa staining (R-J) and alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP). The third generation of osteoblasts was divided into three groups, including saline group, normal group,Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group. Each group were added to 15% appropriate medium. ALP activity of osteoblasts and osteoblasts proliferation rate were tested, mineralized nodules were observed, the expression of β-catenin, Runx2, Osx mRNA of osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThere was blue granules in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was flint with 1 to 3 nucleoli showed by R-J staining, morphology of osteoblasts were cultured. ALP staining showed cytoplasm with purple granules, the results showed that the cultured cell was osteoblasts. The content of ALP in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group was (6.272±0.131) ,appreciation rate was (0.81? 0.172), and could significantly improve differentiation and proliferation activity of osteoblasts compared with Saline group (P< 0.01). There were four different size orange nodules, the Maximun nodule was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group after Alizarin red staining, the results showed Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously improve mineralization of osteoblasts. The expression of mRNA of β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group were (1.782±0.944), (1.935±0.994) and (1.610±0.811) by RT-PCR,it was significantly increased compared with saline group (P<0.01), but there was no difference between Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group and normal group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously promote differentiation, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway. It suggested that the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue (O'f f Il.t)particle clould prevent osteoporosis through the activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the resistance status of different integrons of Shigella sonnei (S.sonnei) and to analyze the distribution of resistant genes in integrons in Jiangsu Province.Methods A total of 32 strains of S.sonnei isolated from six cities of Jiangsu Province in 2011 were collected.The antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method.The molecular homology was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).The detection and classification of integrons were achieved by analyzing the positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).RFLP and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the resistance genes in integrons.Results Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 28 (87.5％) S.sonnei strains.The resistant rates to ampicillin,nalidixic acid and tetracycline were highest (87.5％,respectively).However,it was sensitive to norfloxacin.PFGE analysis showed that there were 3 kinds of homologous clones involving 31 strains of the 32 S.sonnei strains.Among them,2,5 and 24 strains had the same clones,respectively.Accordingly,they spread within one,two and five different cities.The detection rates of class 1,class 2 and the atypical class 1 integrons in S.sonnei were 62.5％ (20/32),81.3％ (26/32) and 21.9％ (7/32),respectively,and no class 3 integron was detected.Sequence analysis of class 1 integron variable area revealed that it contained multiple resistant genes (aacA4-cmlA1 and dfrA1-aadA 1) ; dfrA1-sat 1-aadA 1 from class 2 integron and blara-30-aadA 1 from atypical class 1 integron were also identified.Conclusions In 2011,homologous S.sonnei strains spread among different cities in Jiangsu Province.MDR strains are prevalent and integrons are widespread which mediated the emergence of MDR strains.