Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by a progressive depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes, which leads to dysfunction of the immune system. Although a variety of mechanisms may contribute to the gradual T cell decline that occurs in HIV-infected patients, abnormal apoptosis of infected or bystander T lymphocytes is an important event leading to immunodeficiency. The HIV envelope glycoprotein plays a crucial role in HIV associated apoptosis through both death receptor-mediated and mitochondria-dependent pathways. This review summarizes current knowledge of Env-mediated T lymphocyte apoptosis.

Objective To study the recent effect of ovary dislocation during the operation of cervical squa- mous carcinoma with stageⅠon ovary function.Methods 12 cases with cervical squamous carcinoma of stageⅠwere treated with surgery.During the operation bilateral ovaries with blood vessels were dislocated the abdominal cavity over the umbilical line through postperitoneum and fixed on the postperitoneum.12 cases were hysterec- tomized simply as the control.The change of ovary function was observed in one year after the operation.Results The levels of FSH and E_2 were decreased in the dislocating group(P

Objective To improve the identification of rush pneumoconiosis.Methods To analyze 47 cases of rush pneumoconiosis treated in our hospital from 2003 May to 2008 December.Results The male occupied 74% of 47 patients.The average age of onset was 34.2 ranging from 26.1 to 42.3.78.7% patiets presented with cough,sputum production,chest pain and dyspnea.4.2% patiets had PaO2 45 mmHg.85.1% patients' chest X-ray and CT images showed nodule shadows,interstitial fibrosis and ground glass attenuation.42.6% patients had restrictive ventilation disorders,2.1% obstrutive ventilation disorders 4.2% mixed ventilation disorders,and 74.5% decreased diffusing capacities.Through fiberoptic bronchoscopy,carbon sediment were seen on the 10% patients' bronchial walls,and bronchial lumen were distorted and stiff.Chronic inflammaion increased,macrophages and fibre tissues,and 21.2% dust cells were seen in pathology.All patients were treated according to their clinic symptoms.Conclusion Rush-mat dust was the main cause of rush pneumoconiosis,there were no special ways to cure this disease,prevention was the key to eliminate rush pneumoconiosis.

Objective To evaluate the role of the expression of protein kinase Cγ and Cα in spinal dorsal horn in the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5)'s participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats in which the intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): control group (group C), morphine tolerance group (group M), antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus morphine group (group ANT) and mismatch ODN plus morphine group (group MIS). Rats in group M received 0.9% normal saline (NS) 5 μl twice a day for 8 days, and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group ANT and MIS received IT antisense and mismatch ODN 30 nmol (in 0.9% NS 5 μl) twice a day for 8 days respectively and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group C received NS instead twice a day for 8 days. Paw-withdrawl threshold (PWT) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was measured at 6, 7 and 8 days after ODN injection (T1-3). The animals were killed on 9th day (T4) and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of mGluR5, PKCα and PKCγ mRNA (by RT-PCR), PKCαand PKCγ ( by Western blot). Results PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T1.2in group M and MIS and at T1.3 in group ANT, the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ was significantly higher at T4 in group M and MIS, and mGluR5 mRNA expression was significantly lower at T4 in group ANT than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05). PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T2.3, while the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ lower at T4 in group ANT than in group M ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn plays an important role in the mGluR5's participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats.

Objective There is still controversy over the effect of hyperglycemia on the tolerance of heart to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on I/R-induced ventricular arrythmia in isolated diabetic rat hearts. Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 210-250g were randomly divided into two groups: control group(C, n=10) and diabetes mellitus group(DM, n=14). Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg?kg~(-1). Blood glucose was measured 72h later and every week thereafter. Diabetes mellitus was defined as persistent hyperglycemia(blood glucose≥16.7 mmol/L after meal). The diabeticrats received no insulin. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital 60mg?kg~(-1). The hearts were immediately removed and perfused with oxygenated(95% O_2, 5% CO_2)Krebs-Henseleit buffer(KHB)in a Langendorff apparatus at a constant perfusion pressure of 80 mm Hg. The 14 diabetic rats were further divided randomly into 2 subgroups: (1)DM+KHB (n=7) and (2) DM+GLU(n=7) in which glucose 3.6 g was added to KHB 1000ml. After 20 min equilibration all hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by 40 min reperfusion. Epicardial electrocardiogram was monitored. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation(VF) and their duration were measured. The severity of arrhythmia was quantified by arrythmia score(AS). Coronary outflow was collected for determination of creatine kinase(CK) release. Results The incidence of ischemia-induced arrythmia was significantly lowered in diabetic hearts. The incidence of VT was 14.3% and VF 28.6% in DM+KHB subgroup as compared to 60%(VT) and 100%(VF) in the control group. The CK release was significantly lower in diabetes group(DM) than in control group(C); furthermore the CK release in DM=KHB subgroup was lower than that in DM=GLU subgroup. Conclusion Diabetic rat hearts are less susceptible to I/R induced arrythmia. Hyperglycemic perfusion reduces to some extent the increased tolerance to I/R injury in diabetic rat hearts as shown by increased CK release in DM+GLU subgroup but hyperglycemic perfusion has anti-arrhythmic action as shown by 0% incidence of VT and VF in DM+GLU subgroup.

Objective To determine the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy in treating tumor-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides (MF).
Methods From January 2008 to January 2013, a total of 11 patients with tumor-stage MF were treated with local radiation therapy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The median age of these patients was 53.36±14.45 years. Female-male ratio was 1:1.2. The average course of disease was 10.82±3.37 years. All the patients were treated with local electronic beam irradiation with a total median dosage of 48.55±9.51 (40-74) Gy in an average of 24.55±5.57 (20-40) fractions, 5 fractions per week.
Results The median follow-up time was 55.27±29.3 (13-103) months. No severe acute or chronic side effects of irradiation were observed. Complete clinical response (CR) rate of the radiated sites was 54.5%(6/11), partial response (PR) rate was 36.4%(4/11), and the overall response rate (CR+PR) was 90.9%. One patient showed no response.
Conclusion Local radiotherapy with psolaren plus ultraviolet A and/or interferon maintaining treatment is an effective palliative therapy in the treatment of tumor-stage MF patients.

BACKGROUND: Present studies have verified that Baicalin has protective effects on various brain damage in the nervous system.OBJECTIVE: To study the possibility of intravenous transplantation of human umbilical blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUBMSCs) and Baicalin after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University from February 2007 to January 2008.MATERIALS: Totally 10 umbilical blood samples from healthy full-term pregnant women were obtained from the Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University. A total of 85 clean Sprague Dawley neonatal rats aged 7 days were randomly assigned to a normal control group (n=15), a model group (n =20), a cell transplantation group (n =25), a cell transplantation + Baicalin group (n =25).METHODS: The umbilical blood mononuclear cells were isolated by the gelatin sedimentation + density gradient centrifugation method, and amplified in vitro. Cells at the fifth passage were used for transplantation. Cells were labeled by DAPI at 6-12 hours before use. Neonatal rats in the model, cell transplantation and cell transplantation + Baicalin groups were used to establish HIBD models. Rats in the blank control group were left intact. At 2, 3,4, 5 weeks following model induction, rats in the cell transplantation and cell transplantation + Baicalin groups were injected with DAPI-labeled hUBMSCs (5-10 μL/g) via caudal vein at the density of 1 ×10~9/L. From the first day of transplantation, rats in the cell transplantation + Baicalin group were injected with 120 mg/kg Baicalin via intraperitoneal injection, once a day, for three successive days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were measured: brain tissue lesion, DAPI-positive cell number, location of hUBMSCs following transplantation.RESULTS: Lesion rate of brain tissue was significantly lower in the cell transplantation + Baicalin group compared with the model and cell transplantation groups at 4 weeks following transplantation (P < 0.05). Compared with the cell transplantation group,DAPI-positive cell number was significantly increased in the cell transplantation + Baicalin group at 1, 2, 4 weeks (P < 0.01). From the 3~(rd) week following model induction, abundant DAPI-labeled cells were found surrounding the lesion site, without obvious boundary integrated with the host brain. Few DAPI-positive hUBMSCs were found in non-ischemic region. At 4 and 5 weeks following model induction, DAPI-positive cells were significantly decreased in the lesion site.CONCLUSION: The third week following HIBD is an optimal time for cell transplantation. Baicalin can make a large number of hUBMSCs across the blood-brain barrier to distribute and scatter around the disease focus integrated with host brain tissue.

Objective To determine the median effective doae (ED50) for motor block after intrathecal ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64, weighing 46-75 kg, undergoing elective urological surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30each) receiving intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine respectively. The ED50 was determined by up-down sequential allocation. The initial dose was 4 mg. Each time the dose increased/decreased by 1 mg. Efficacy was determined by the occurrence of any motor block in either lower extremity (modified Bromage scale > 0)within 5 or 10 min after the spinal injection. Results The intrathecal ED50 for motor block was 6.68 mg for ropivacaine (95% confidence interval 6.27-7.13 mg) and 4.07 mg for bupivacaine (95% confidence interval 3.56-4.47mg) . The relative motor blocking potency ratio was ropivacaine/bupivacaine 0.61. Conclusion The potency of intrathecal ropivacaine is lower than that of bupivacaine for motor block.

Objective:To comparatively study the chemical constituents in n-butanol part from Magnoliae Officinalis cortex before and after ginger mix-frying by HPLC-MS. Methods:A 4000 Q TRAP MS system was used with a C18 chromatographic column. Metha-nol-water with gradient elution was employed as the mobile phase. The data were collected by an electrospray ion source under the mode of positive and negative ions. The chemical constituents were analyzed by contrasting with the reference substances, analyzing the mass spectrometry data and retrieving literatures. Results:The negative ion mode had better separation for n-butanol part, and fourteen components with known peaks and the other unknown compositions were detected. The positive ion mode could detect fewer peaks, and the detected [ M+H] + peaks malnly were hydrogenation peaksmalnly for phenolic constituents. Conclusion:Through the analysis and comparison, it is suggested that n-butanol part from Magnoliae Officinalis cortex has qualitative and quantitative changes after ginger mix-frying.

Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive impairment with disease progression in patients with minor stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods Consecutive patients with minor stroke/TIA were enrolled prospectively.Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to conduct the cognitive function assessment within 7 d of the onset (baseline),at 1 and 3 months,respectively.Compared with the baseline,the total scores of MoCA in patients increased by ≥2 at 3 months were cognitive function improvement and increased <2 were no cognitive function improvement.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent risk factors for no cognitive improvement.ResultsA total of 112 patients with minor stroke/TIA were enrolled in the study,including 63 patients (56.2%) with TIA and 49 (43.8%) with minor stroke.At baseline,1 month,and 3 months,77 (68.8%),72 (64.3%) and 60 (53.6%) patients had cognitive impairment.At 3 months after the onset,the cognitive function of 25 patients (22.3%) were improved,in which 19 (76.0%) and 6 (24.0%) patients had TIA/minor stroke respectively;87 (77.7%) did not have any improvement.Compared with the improvement group,the level of education was significantly lower (3.29±3.48 years vs.5.63±4.26 years;t=2.814,P=0.006),the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly higher (6.35%±1.26% vs.7.21%±1.26%;t=-3.088,P=0.003) in the no improvement group,and the proportions of patients with minor stroke (49.4% vs.24.0%;χ2=5.101,P=0.024),hypertension (52.9% vs.24.0%;χ2=6.509,P=0.011),hyperlipidemia (51.7% vs.24.0%;χ2=6.019,P=0.014),diabetes (41.4% vs.16.0%;χ2=5.448,P=0.020),and coronary heart disease (32.2% vs.8.0%;χ2=5.792,P=0.016) were significantly higher.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of education (odds ratio [OR] 1.364,95% confidence interval [CI] 1.059-1.756;P=0.016),atrial fibrillation (OR 2.509,95% CI 1.020-6.167;P=0.045),and higher glycosylated hemoglobin level (OR 1.586,95% CI 1.021-2.034;P=0.030) were the independent risk factors for no cognitive function improvement at 3 months after the onset of minor stroke/TIA.As time went on,the MoCA score and visual spatial execution,memory,abstract and directional scores were increased significantly (P<0.001),while there were no significant differences in naming,attention,and language scores.Conclusion s About 2/3 patients with minor stroke/TIA had cognitive impairment,and as time went on,they were improved.The lower education level,atrial fibrillation and higher baseline glycated hemoglobin were the independent risk factors for affecting no cognitive impairment improvement after monor stroke/TIA.