[Objective]To study the possibility of drug inhibition of wear particle induced osteolysis and aseptic prosthesis loosening in vivo.[Methods]4?8 mm transverse holes were made in femur condyle and tibia plateau of 12 adult rabbits bilaterally.One milligram of CoCr alloy(mean 5.38 ?m),Ti-6Al-4V(mean 3.21 ?m) and UHMWPE(12～200 ?m) particles were implanted into the holes separately.The animals were divided into 4 groups and each group had the same particles combination.Oral drug therapy twice a day was adopted with non-selective COX inhibitor(indomethacin,0.5 mg/kg BW),membrane Ca2+ channel inhibitor(nitrendipine,0.1 mg/kg BW),osteoclast inhibitor(alendronate sodium,0.1mg/kg BW) and blank control(0.9% saline) to the 4 groups separately and randomly according to the double blind principle,which started on the 2nd day postoperatively until 12 weeks at the time of sacrifice.Routine histological observation and calculation of the ratio of bone area(BA) to total tissue area(TTA) were done under the computerized analysis system.[Results]CoCr and Ti alloy particles could seldom be seen in the slices of the groups which showed normal cancellous bone.There were obvious macrophage infiltration and fibroblast proliferation round the particulate UHMWPE in the group of blank controls.It was similar in the groups of indomethacin and nitrendipine though the histological reaction was a little bit weaker and osteotoid tissue could occasionally be seen.UHMWPE particles were totally enclosed in the cancellous bone with little fibrous tissue proliferation in the group of alendronate sodium and the BA/TTA ratio was significantly higher than those at the other groups(P0.05).[Conclusion]This indicates the possibility of inhibition or prevention of osteolysis induced by wear particles by drug therapy especially when alendronate sodium is adopted,and it has significant clinical implications for controlling the most common cause of implant failure.

Objective:The current study investigated the effects of nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on gastric motility and the regulation of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).Methods:The projection of nerve ?ber and expression of nesfatin-1 were observed by retrograde tracing and fluo-immunohistochemistry staining;The nuclei microinjection and nuclei electrical stimulation,extracellular discharges of single unit neuron were used to observe the effects of nesfatin-1 on the GD neurons;Gastric motility recording in vivo were used to monitor the effects of nesfatin-1 on the amplitude of constriction and frequency of gastric motility in conscious rats.Results:Nesfatin-1 inhibited the majority of the GD-E neurons(1.97± 0.12 Hz vs.1.15± 0.07 Hz) and excited GD-I neurons (1.74± 0.10 Hz vs.3.04± 0.18 Hz) in the PVN,which were weakened by oxytocin receptor antagonist H4928 (GD-E:1.38± 0.08 Hz,P＜0.05 vs.nesfatin-1;GD-I:2.49± 0.15 Hz,P＜0.05 vs.nesfatin-1).Gastric motility experiments showed that administration ofnesfatin-1 in the PVN decreased gastric motility.Retrograde tracing and immunofluorescent staining showed that nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 and fluorogold double-labeled neurons were observed in the LHA.Electrical LHA stimulation excited the firing rate of GD-responsive neurons (GD-E:2.06± 0.12 Hz vs.4.23± 0.21 Hz,GD-I:1.61± 0.09 Hz vs.4.83± 0.25 Hz) in the PVN.Pre-administration of an antinucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 antibody in the PVN strengthened gastric motility,decreased GD-E neurons (1.74± 0.10 Hz vs.3.04± 0.18 Hz) and excited the discharging of the GD-I neurons(4.15± 0.18 Hz vs.4.83± 0.25) induced by electrical stimulation of the LHA.Conclusion:Nesfatin-1 in the PVN could serve as an inhibitory factor to inhibit gastric motility,which might be regulated by the LHA.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a key element in the Ganoderma triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. The catalytic reaction process for CYP450 requires NADPH / NADH for electron transfer. After searching the genome dataset of Ganoderma lucidum, the unique sequence encoding CYP450 and NADPH were discovered, separately. The open reading frames of GLCYP450 and GLNADPH were cloned separately using RT-PCR strategy from G lucidum. The appropriate restriction enzyme cutting sites were introduced at the 5' and 3' ends of gene sequence. The genes of GLCYP450 and GLNADPH were recombined into the yeast expression vector pESC-URA, leading to the formation of the yeast expression plasmid pESC-GLNADPH-GLCYP450. This study provides a foundation for researching Ganoderma triterpene biosynthesis using the approach of synthetic biology.

Objective To evaluate the value of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in the diagnosis and classification of plas-ma-cell mastitis (PCM).Methods The breast MRIs of eighteen pathologically confirmed PCM patients were retrospectively ob-served and analyzed.The manifestations of lesions,including shape,size,margin,and characteristic enhancement on T1 WI,T2 WI with fat suppression and contrast enhanced T1 WI were observed and documented respectively.Results PCM were divided into three types according to MRIs:the inflammation type 4 cases,the abscess type 9 cases,and the mixed type 5 cases.In the inflammation type,3 cases of lesions were wide extending while the other 1 limited in nipple and areola.All 4 cases of lesions were hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.And in the contrast enhanced scanning,2 cases showed patchy hyperin-tensity and 2 cases showed branch-like enhancement.In abscess type,6 cases of lesions were wide and 3 cases limited in one quad-rant.Of all 9 cases,there were 3 cases with single abscess and 6 with multiple abscess;and all cases showed hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.In the enhanced scanning,there were 4 cases with honeycomb-like hyperintensity and 5 cases with annular and patchy enhancement.In mixed type,inflammation was accompanied with abscess and fistula.All cases were hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.In the enhanced scanning,3 cases showed honeycomb-like enhancement,1 case showed multiple annular enhancement and 1 case showed annular and patchy enhancement.Regions of in-terest were selected and time-signal intensity curves were obtianed in every enhancement cases,all of which were influent.Of all ca-ses,5 showed high-protein deposition in the expansion ducts,exhibiting hyperintensity on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.Conclusion The abscess type is the most common in PCM and the second is the mixed type.Annular and honeycomb-like enhancement are characteristic appearance of these two types,which are helpful in the diagnosis and classification of PCM.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets at tapering doses for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Methods After receiving evaluation of medical history and undergoing autologous serum skin test (ASST), 80 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria were randomly divided into two groups:conventional dose group administrating fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets 120 mg/d for 12 consecutive weeks, tapering dose group administrating fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets 120 mg/d for the first 4 weeks followed by dose tapering of fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets by 30 mg at the 5th and 9th weeks. The urticaria activity score(UAS) and dermatology life quality index(DLQI)were evaluated before the treatment(baseline)as well as after 4?, 8?and 12?week treatment, and the total dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride was calculated. Results A total of 76 patients completed the 12?week treatment, including 37 patients in the conventional dose group and 39 patients in the tapering dose group. After 4?, 8?and 12?week treatment, a significant decrease was observed in the UAS in the conventional dose group(0.64 ± 0.82, 0.37 ± 0.68 and 0.27 ± 0.56 vs. 4.08 ± 0.79, all P<0.01)and tapering dose group(0.61 ± 0.87, 0.48 ± 0.72 and 0.28 ± 0.61 vs. 4.07 ± 0.81, all P<0.01)compared with that at baseline in the corresponding groups. DLQI scores also significantly decreased after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment in the conventional dose group(3.62 ± 1.82, 2.81 ± 1.65 and 1.37 ± 1.14 vs. 16.19 ± 3.79, all P<0.01)and tapering dose group(3.79 ± 2.57, 2.74 ± 2.11 and 1.15 ± 1.47 vs. 15.92 ± 4.2, all P < 0.01) compared with those at baseline. However, there were no significant differences in the UAS or DLQI scores between the conventional dose group and tapering dose group at any of the post?treatment time points(all P>0.05). After 8?and 12?week treatment, symptoms were controlled in 71.79%(28/39)and 82.05%(32/39)of patients in the tapering dose group, respectively, with the total dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride being significantly lower in the tapering dose group than in the conventional dose group (both P<0.001). Conclusion After 4- 8 weeks of treatment with fexofenadine hydrochloride, the tapering dose regimen and conventional dose regimen show similar clinical efficacy in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Objective To investigate the CT manifestations of chronic virus hepatitis Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinical data and laboratory information of 120 patients with chronic virus hepatitis B were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent standardized contrast enhanced spiral CT dual phase scanning of the upper abdomen. The changes of the liver, bile duct, spleen, portal venous system, lymph node of the upper abdomen, peritoneal cavity and pleural cavity were observed and noted. Results CT manifestations of chronic virus hepatitis B were as follows: ①changes of the configuration and shape of the liver, ② changes of the density of the liver, ③intrahepatic perivascular lucency, ④thickening of gallbladder wall and edema of the gallbladder fossa, ⑤splenomegaly, ⑥enlargement of abdominal lymph nodes, ⑦ascites, ⑧abnormalities related to portal hypertension (collateral circulation), and ⑨secondary thoracic changes (pleural and pericardial effusion). ]Conclusion Chronic virus hepatitis B can demonstrate several abnormal findings involving the liver, gallbladder, lymph nodes, spleen, etc on contrast enhanced CT scanning.

Objective By using multi detector row spiral CT (MDCT) to investigate the CT imaging findings of gallbladder abnormalities caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases and those of inflammatory cholecystitis. Methods CT and clinical data of 80 patients with gallbladder abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients were in hepatic disease group, including 20 chronic hepatitis, 25 liver cirrhosis, and 5 cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty patients were in inflammatory group, including 19 chronic cholecystitis, 6 acute cholecystitis, 3 cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis, 1 gangrenous cholecystitis, and 1 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. All patients underwent MDCT plain scan and contrast enhanced dual phase scanning of upper abdomen. Results In hepatic disease group, 48 cases had evenly thickened gallbladder wall (96%) with mean thickness of (3.67?0.49) mm; 38 cases had clear gallbladder outlines (76%); 38 cases had gallbladder wall enhancement of various degree (76%); 14 cases had gallbladder bed edema and localized non dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (28%). In inflammatory cholecystitis group, 28 cases had obscuring gallbladder outlines (93%) ; 26 cases had gallbladder wall evenly thickened (87%), 4 cases showed unevenly thicked wall (13%), the mean thickness being (4.54?1.14) mm; 30 cases had inhomogenous enhancement of the gallbladder wall (100%); 9 cases had high attenuation bile (30%); 4 cases had dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (13%); 5 cases had transient enhancement of adjacent hepatic bed in arterial phase (17%); micro abscess and gas in the gallbladder wall was observed in 1 case respectively. Conclusion MDCT can offer imaging findings useful for differentiating abnormal gallbladder changes caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases from those due to inflammatory cholecystitis.

Transcription factor is one of the key factors in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. It plays an important role in plant growth, active components biosynthesis and response to environmental change. This paper summarized the structure and classification of bHLH transcription factors and elaborated the research progress of bHLH transcription factors which regulate the active components in plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. In addition, the possibility of increasing the concentration of active substances by bHLH in medicinal plants was assessed. The paper emphasized great significance of model plants and multidisciplinary research fields including modern genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, providing the contribution to improve the discovery and function characterization of bHLH transcription factors. Accelerating the research in the mechanism of bHLH transcription factors on the regulation of active components biosynthesis will promote the development of breeding and variety improvement of Chinese medicinal materials, also ease the pressure of resources exhaustion of traditional Chinese medicine home and abroad.

Objective To study the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in patients with ischemic type biliary lesion (ITBL) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Between July 2012 to January 2013, forty-one patients in General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army were enrolled in this study who were admitted for post-transplantation follow-up. Among them, 15 patients were diagnosed as ITBL by ultrasonography. Besides conventional ultrasonography, ARFI was used to detect the shear wave velocity (SWV) of liver tissue at depth of 4 cm and 5 cm respectively. Simultaneously liver function test was performed. Independent-samples t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV between ITBL and non-ITBL group at the same depth. Paired-sample t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV for the same ITBL patient. Pearson correlation analysis was used in analyzing the relation between SWV and liver function. Results The average SWV in depth of 4 cm was (1.561±0.425) m/s and (1.121±0.160) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-3.173, P=0.01). The average SWV in depth of 5 cm was (1.608±0.545) m/s and (1.175±0.173) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-2.454, P=0.034). There was no signiifcant difference between SWV measurements at different depth for the same ITBL patient. For all patients, SWV at different depths were both strongly correlated with alkaline phosphatase (r=0.656, 0.667, respectively;both P=0.000) andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0.482, P=0.007;r=0.508, P=0.004). Conclusion The liver stiffness measurement is valuable for the clinical evaluation of post-transplantation ITBL.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antibacterial effect of cefoperazone-sulbactam combined with minocycline or levofloxacin against 110 strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS Checkerboard method was designed for the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) testing of cefoperazone-sulbactam combined with minocycline or levofloxacin against 110 strains of multidrug-resistant A.baumannii by agar dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) index was calculated according to MIC value.RESULTS The MIC50 of cefoperazone-sulbactam was reduced significantly and the antimicrobial activities were reinforced remarkably when combined with minocycline or levofloxacin.The FIC results suggested that the main action be synergistic and additivie(53%,59% and 39%,37%),there was less autonomy(8%,4%) and no antagonism.CONCLUSIONS Combined with minocycline or levofloxacin respectively,cefoperazone-sulbactam expresses synergism and additivity against multidrug-resistant A.baumannii and there is no autonomy and antagonism.