l014 faecal specimens were collected from 4 hospitals in Nanjing to investigate the infection of Cryptosporidium. Each faecal specimen was smeared and screened by auramine-phenol staining method for oocyst, the positive and suspected specimens were identified by modified acid-fast staining method and safranin-methylene blue staining method. The result showed that 13 spccimens were positive by auramine-phenol staining method and confirmed by modified acid-fast staining method. 5 suspected specimens were negative as shown by the latter two methods.The best result could be obtained when auramine-phenol staining method was first used and folloWed by modified acid-fast staining method. This-technique is simple, sensitive and reliable. It is difficult to find oocysts by safranin methylene blue staining method when the oocysts are few (Figs. l-3).

Objective To investigate the appearance,causes and countermeasures of the image artifacts in a computed radiographic system.Methods Random 1968 CR images were analyzed by GE Radworks.Results Among the 1,968 images which were choosed at random,66 images with artifacts were found and processed.The artifacts in computed radiographic system are relevant to system software and hardware,dust as well as operators.Conclusion Familiarization with the appearance and causes of CR image artifacts helps to prevent or reduce artifacts.

Objective To establish the method of contact heat evoked potential(CHEP)and to explore the value of this evoked potential in pain testing of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 healthy volunteers and 30 patients were examined.The healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to the length of their arms:(Group A:56.0～65.0 cm ;Group B :65.5～74.0 cm ;Group C :74.5～83.0 cm).A recently de- veloped heat-foil technique with a rapid temperature rising rate at 70℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat e- voked potentials.Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode(diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2)and set at two intensity levels(49.5℃and 54.5℃)to three body sites:the thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm.The subjects were asked to rate the pain with numerical rating scale after each stimulus and CHEP was recorded from Cz and Pz.The association between stimulus intensities and pain rating was explored,the main compo- nents of the evuked potential were watched.CHEP,sensory conduction velocity(SCV)and somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP)were performed in patients with hemi-anesthesia caused by cerebral infarction.Results The pain intensity ratings were 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 at thenar eminence,5.0?0.7 and 6.3?0.8 at the dorsum of hand and 5.3?0.6 and 7.2?0.5 at the proximal volar forearm when the temperature of 49.5℃and 54.5℃was applied, respectively;Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were identified in the evoked potentials.Cz/ N550 and Cz/P750 appeared when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm were stimulated.In contrast,Pz/ P1000 could be identified when nociceptors of thenar eminence and proximal volar fbrearm were excited.In the pa- tients with cerebral infarction,CHEP disappeared or became abnormal on one side,while SCV and SEP were normal on that side.Conclusion It was suggested that CHEP could be elicited reliably in the controls.CHEP is helpful in the assessment of analgesia in patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective: To investigate the value of the trigeminocervical response (TCR) for revealing bulbar involvement in patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods: Thirty patients with SBMA and 30 healthy male controls were included in this study. In all of the normal controls, stimulation of the infraorbital nerve on one side produced bilateral short latency waves consisting of a positive/negative wave, p19/n31, the mean latency of which was measured. The mean square root of the ratio between the amplitude of p19/n31 and the mean rectifi ed surface electromyography (EMG) activity preceding the stimulus, the A value, was estimated. The parameters of the TCR were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the patients with SBMA, 21 (70.0%) had delayed latencies of p19/n31 (P < 0.01) and all (100%) had reduced A values (P < 0.01) relative to the normal controls. Conclusions: All parameters of the TCR were signifi cantly different between the patients with SBMA and the normal controls. T

Objective To evoke cerebral potentials by stimulating nociceptive fibers with contact heat evoked potentials stimulator (CHEPS)and estimate the nerve conduction velocities of peripheral nerve fibers mediating these responses.Methods Subjects were set in supine position.A heat-foil technology with a rapid rising speed at 70 ℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat evoked potentials(CHEP).Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode (diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2).Thermal stimuli were sent at two intensity levels (49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃) to three body sites:thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm.Contact heat evoked potentials were recorded from Cz and Pz.A systemic effect between stimulus intensities and pain rating were observed,the main components of this evoked potential were observed.Nerve conduction velocity was calculated from latency difference of CHEP and center to center distance of distal and proximal stimulus arrays.Results The pain intensity rating was 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 when thenar eminence was stimulated at the temperature of 49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃ respectively;the rating was 6.3?0.8 and 7.2?0.5 when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm were stimulated at the temperature of 54.5 ℃ respectively.Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were found in the evoked potentials.Nerve conduction velocities of the fibers were (12.9?7.5) and (1.7?0.4) m/s respectively,which were corresponding to those of A8 fiber and C fiber.Conclusions CHEPs can be elicited reliably and stably.Velocities of peripheral nerve fibers demonstrate that A8 fiber and C fiber mediate the response.

OBJECTIVETo study modified ilioinguinal approach through the retrospective analysis on the surgical treatment of 63 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures through anterior approach.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to January 2013, 63 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures were treated with the ilioinguinal anterior approach, including 45 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 12 to 68 years old, with an average of (37.71 +/- 13.41) years old. All the patients were divided into two groups: standard ilioinguinal anterior approach group (group A) and modified ilioinguinal anterior approach group(group B). In group A, there were 26 males and 11 females, with an average age of (38.49 +/- 13.64) years old. In group B, there were 19 males and 7 females, with an average age of (36.62 +/- 13.29) years old. Intraoperative and postoperative indicators in group A and B were observed and compared, including operation incision exposure time (from skin incision to complete the ilioinguinal in front of three "windows"), the blood loss, incision close time and treatment effect of Majeed function score.

RESULTSCompared to group A, the incision exposure time of patients in group B was shorter, the blood loss (bleeding during exposure process) was less, and the close incision time was shorter, but the treatment effect of Majeed function score had no significant differences between two groups. All the patients were followed up, and the during ranged from 3 to 36 months, with an average of (18.6 +/- 9.2) months. According to Matta standard assessment reduction of pelvic and acetabular fracture, there were 28 patients got an excellent result, 8 good, and 1 fair in the group A; and 20 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, and 1 fair in the group B. According to Majeed function score for hip function, 20 patients got a satisfactory result, 12 good,4 fair and 1 poor in group A, and the mean score was 82.51 +/- 9.72; and 13 patients got an satisfactory result, 10 good, 3 fair and 0 poor in group B, and the mean score was 80.54 +/- 10.79.

CONCLUSIONThe modified approach has several advantages as follows: providing a good surgical exposure; preventing from the injury of femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein under the inguinal ligament; not needing to open the inguinal canal, which can avoid the occurrence of inguinal hernia, reduce operation prodedures and shorten operation time.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Object To explore the antitumor mechanism of Stellera chamaejasme Linn.(SC).Methods SC containing-serum(SCCS)was derived from mice pretreated with different doses of SC.Cultured human leukemia HL-60 and human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were used.Inhibition of proliferation was measured using MTT assay.Morphological assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope.DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry.Expression of bcl-2 protein was measured with immunohistochemistry.Results Exposure of exponentially growing HL-60 cells to mice serum containing 10% SC(pretreated with SC3,6, and 12 g/kg)for 48h resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.Typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells were induced."Apobodies'in the apoptotic cells were observed,'ladder"pattern of agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from 11.7% to 57.4%.Treatment with SC containing serum decreased the percentage of SGC-7901 cell of bcl-2 protein positive expression from 78.3% to 32.9%.Conclusion SC could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells and decrease the expression of bcl-2 protein of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To investigate the value of nerve conduction studies (NCSs),F wave analysis,somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and skin sympathetic response (SSR) in the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods A total of 110 patients with diabetes mellitus were recruited as the diabetic group and another 50 well-matched healthy volunteers as the normal controls.Sensory and motor NCSs of the median,ulnar,posterior tibial and common peroneal nerves were performed.F waves were recorded from the median and posterior tibial nerves.SEPs elicited by stimulation to nerves of both the upper and lower limbs as well as SSRs were measured,all in both the diabetic group and the normal controls.Results The total rate of nerve conduction abnormality was 74.5％ in the diabetic group,with sensory nerve conduction abnormalities more frequent and more severe among motor nerves in the extremities.The total rate of F wave abnormalities was 57.3％ in the diabetic group.The rate in patients with normal distal motor conduction in their median and posterior tibial nerves was 50.7％.The total SEP abnormality rate was 70.0％ with regard to the proximal peripheral nerve potentials in the diabetic group,but there was no obvious abnormality of the supraclavicular electrical potential in the upper limbs for those with normal sensory nerve conduction in the median nerve.The rate of occurrence of abnormality in the gluteus point potential in the lower limbs of those with normal posterior tibial sensory conduction was 62.5％.The total rate of SSR abnormalities was 80.0％ in the diabetic group but 72％ among those with normal nerve conduction in their extremities.Combining the NCS,SSR,SEP and F wave results,the total abnormality rate was 90.9％ in the diabetic group,which was much higher than with any single test used alone.Conclusion NCS is essential for diagnosing DPN.Early diagnosis of subclinical diabetic neuropathy will be significantly enhanced when nerve conduction,SSRs,SEPs and F waves are tested together.

Objective The optimal treatment for chronic type B dissection remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to report early and mid-term results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of chronic type B aortic dissection. Methods Methods From June 2001 to September 2007, 84 patients with chronic type B aortic dissection received TEVAR. The time between onset of dissection and TEVAR was (13.9 ± 22.0) months (ranged 1 - 120 months). All patients were followed for 6 - 86 months [mean (33.2 ± 19.2) months]. Results The entry tear was completely sealed in 77 cases ( 91.7% ) during TEVAR. The incidence of incomplete seal was 8.3%. One-month mortality was 1. 2%. One patient had retrograde type A dissection 1 month after operation. Four patients received a second TEVAR during follow-up :3 for endoleaking and 1 for newly formed intima tear. Seven patients (8.3%) died during follow-up: 3 thoracic aorta rupture due to endoleaking, 1 abdominal aorta rupture caused by continuous dilation of the abdominal aorta, unrelated to aortic dissection deaths in 2 and 1 died of unknown cause. The Kaplan Meier actuarial survival curve showed a 7-year survival rate of 84.4%. Conclusion Early and mid-term results showed that TEVAR was effective in treating chronic type B aortic dissection. Endoleak was the main cause of death during follow-up. With increasing of physician's experience and refinement of the stent-graft, results are likely to improve in the future.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Oxyphil Cells ; Papilloma ; pathology