Objective To investigate the pathotypes,epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in children with acute bacterial diarrhea in Shanghai.Methods A total of 2 071 outpatient children with probable acute bacterial diarrhea referred to the enteric clinic of Children's Hospital of Fudan University during June 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in our study.The stool samples were processed for routine microbiologic and biochemistry tests to identify enteric bacteria,including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC),enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC),enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).Kirby-Bauer method was used to identify the antibiotic sensitivity.Difference of means between groups was compared by chi-square test.Results Of 2 071 enrolled children,DEC were identified in 145 (7.0 ％)cases.148 strains were isolated with three of mix infection strains.All DEC isolates in this study included 106 (71.6％) EPEC,24 (16.2％) ETEC,16(10.8％) EIEC and 2(1.4％) EHEC.The median ages of diarrheal children with DEC infections were 14 months (range:3 months to 13 years) and 62.8％ of them were ＜2 years.Among 125 DEC isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility,the rates of resistance to ampicillin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cefotaxime,cefepime,gentamicin,ceftazidime,amoxicillinclavulanate,ciprofloxacin,and ofloxacin in a descending order were 55.2％,35.2％,28.0％,27.2％,23.2％,8.8％,5.6％,4.0％ and 4.0％,respectively.Resistance rates of EIEC to cefotaxime,cefepime and ceftazidime were 50.0％,43.8％ and 25.0％,respectively,which were higher than those of EPEC,ETEC and EHEC.Conclusion DEC is the important enteric bacteria that causes bacterial diarrhea in children in this study.

Objective To study comprehensive nursing meassures for small area of diabetic foot ulcer. Methods A total of 58 patients with small area of diabetic foot ulcer in our department were divided into two groups.The comprehensive nursing group (CN group,30 cases) adopted comprehensive nursing and treatment as follows, surgical dcbridement, infrared radiation of wound surface,sprinkling of growth factors(bFGF and rhEGF),covered by hydrocolloid dressing(Algoplaque).The control group(28cases) received hydropathic compress with 0.5% povidone iodine or 5% furacillin solution.Wound heal-ing progreasion,average healing time and the positive rate of wound germiculture of the two groups were observed. Results The average healing time of the CN group was (29.6±9.4)d,which was shorter than that of the control group,( 39.2±13.5 )d, P < 0.05. Statistical difference existed in the positive rate of wound germiculture at the 7th day and the 14th day between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Routine medical treatment and general nursing measures plus surgical debridement,infrared radiation of wound sur-face,sprinkling of growth factors and hydrocolloid dressing possess facilitative healing effect for small area of diabetic foot ulcer.

A laboratory scale combination process of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) with sequencing batch reactor(SBR) for treatment of real dyeing wastewater was studied.The effects of operational conditions were investigated.The results demonstrated that removal rates of COD,colour and aniline were 32%~95%,89%~99% and 50%~98%,respectively,the effluents of COD were 30.0 ~97.1mg/L,colour were 8 ~40 times dilution ratio,concentration of aniline were 0.20 ~0.95 mg/L,which could meet the National Discharge Criteria(GradeⅠ) under the operational conditions of HRTs of 24~36 h,organic loading rates of 0.43 ~2.46 kg COD/(m~(3)?d),the influent pH values of 6.5~8.0,ambient temperatures of 20℃~35℃ at the ABR stage and DOs of 2 mg/L,reaction times of 3~10h,settle times of 2 h at the SBR stage.

A research combined trickling filter system and active sludge aeration system was applied in the treatment of industrial wastewater from gas-generating with heavy oil. The wastewater contained both high contents of NH+4-N and mixed hydrocarbons including various PAHs. Its BOD5/COD ratio was less than 0.3 and belongs to recalcitrant, toxic wastewater. The results showed a touch-growth biofilms system was formed on the porous packing material and it played a key role in the decrease of toxicity of the influent. It could also improve the biodegradability of the wastewater.

BACKGROUND:Chondrocytes co-cultured with bone marrow stromal stem cells on the scaffold of platelet-rich plasma are found to proliferate, and besides proliferative growth, bone marrow stromal cells exhibit a tendency of differentiating into chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of platelet-rich plasma and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on cartilage repair. METHODS:Forty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected to establish models of cartilage defects, and then randomly divided into normal saline group, platelet-rich plasma group, hUCMSCs group and combination group. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by using double centrifugations to prepare passage 3 hUCMSCs. After modeling, intra-articular injection of normal saline (0.5 mL), 12.5%platelet-rich plasma (0.5 mL), 1×107 hUCMSCs (0.5 mL), 12.5%platelet-rich plasma+1×107 hUCMSCs (total y 0.5 mL) was done in corresponding groups, respectively. After 12 weeks of modeling, the injured cartilage was grossly observed, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe cartilage repair under light microscope;according to the O'Driscol histologic standard, histological examination was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The repair effect in the normal saline group was significantly better that in the platelet-rich plasma group, hUCMSCs group, combination group (P<0.05), while the platelet-rich plasma group and combination group also exhibit better outcomes than the hUCMSCs group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that both platelet-rich plasma and hUCMSCs can promote cartilage repair;moreover, platelet-rich plasma with or without hUCMSCs is superior to hUCMSCs alone in the cartilage repair.

Objective To monitor the clinical epidemiology and etiology of acute diarrhea in children in the outpatient setting in Shanghai .Methods An active surveillance study in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University between August 2013 and July 2014 was conducted .Outpatient children with acute diarrhea were enrolled in this study and stool samples were collected .Pathogens including norovirus ,diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) , nontyphoidal Salmonella spp .(NTS),Campylobacter,Shigella,pathogenic vibrio and Yersinia enterocolitica were identified and typed .The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis .Results Of the 881 stool samples from enrolled children , the pathogens included into the target detection were identified in 246 (27 .92% ) cases . Norovirus ,DEC ,NTS ,Campylobacter and Shigella were detected in 98 (11 .12% ) cases ,74 (8 .40% ) cases , 61 (6 .92% ) cases ,34 (3 .86% ) cases and 2 (0 .23% ) cases ,respectively .Neither pathogenic vibrio nor Yersinia enterocolitica was identified .Children younger than 36 months old (3 .27% ,26/794) had a lower risk (χ2=7 .41 ,P=0 .006) of Campylobacter infection compared with older children (9 .20% ,8/87) .Vomiting (37 .76% ) and watery diarrhea (21 .34% ) were more commonly seen in children with norovirus infection;fever and mucous stool were commonly seen in diarrheal children with NTS infection (40 .98% and 21 .31% ,respectively) and Campylobacter infection (29 .41% and 26 .47% ,respectively) .Conclusion Enteric pathogens play a major role in childhood acute diarrhea in Shanghai .Continuous monitoring of enteric pathogens will be helpful for reasonable treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea in children .

OBJECTIVETo find the development rules of microbial community in rhizoma sphere of the cultivated Atractylodes lancea.

METHODTotal bacteria, fungi and actinomyces were counted by CFU x g(-1) though dilution plate method. And genomic DNA of microbes were extracted and amplified by primers of E. coli's 27f and 1492r to get the 16S rDNA, then the restriction endonuclease Hinf was used to digest the 16S rDNA.

RESULTTotal bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in 2-year old soil were lower than in 1-year old soil, they decreased 46. 14%, 49. 25%, 31.88% respectively and made the ratio of themselves changed. At the same time, all the 8 soil samples got fine 16S rDNA bands, which were about 1500 bp. And the main bands of most of the samples were found at 1000 bp, but the weak bands of each were different although most bands in the same year samples were more similar than in different year ones.

CONCLUSIONIt is indicated that the change of soil microbial community may has some relation to the continous cropping barrier of A. lancea.

Actinomyces ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Atractylodes ; growth & development ; Bacteria ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Colony Count, Microbial ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Fungi ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Rhizome ; growth & development ; Soil Microbiology

Objective?To observe the clinical effect of FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle treatment of low pole renal calculi.?Methods?From January 2016 to January 2017, 63 patients with low pole renal calculi were enrolled in this study. 16 patients with multiple stones and 47 cases with single stones were treated by FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle. We retrospectively analyzed all the patients clinical data, including the operation time, bleeding volume, stone clearance rate, the incidence of postoperative complications, then assess the safety and effectiveness of the surgical approach.?Results?The operation time was 30 ~ 60 min, the average time was 45 min, postoperative complications in 3 cases, 2 cases of pain; no blood transfusion; 2 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Postoperative hospital stay wad 2 ~ 3 d, an average of 2 d, postoperative residual stone in 3 cases, 2 weeks after the treatment of external lithotripsy, 1 case of stone clearance rate of 100.0%.?Conclusion?Retrograde FURS combined with ultrasound guided visual puncture for renal calculi is safe, effective and feasible.

Objective:To discuss the topical action characteristics of the biological transmission of moxibustion heat via temperature collection and numerical modeling.Methods:Temperature of moxibustion was measured at multiple points at a distance of 3 cm to obtain the moxibustion temperature field nephograms by the high-accuracy temperature measure array.Finite element analysis was used to imitate the three-dimensional dynamic distribution of temperature in acupoint tissues.Results:Through numerical analysis,the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions of temperature in human acupoint tissues at 5 min of moxibustion were established.The result showed that moxibustion heat mainly transmitted from the surface of the tissue to the internal,and the influence of moxibustion heat decreased with the depth of the tissue.The analysis of the nephograms of acupoint tissue temperature at 5,10,15 and 20 min of moxibustion showed that with the increase of the moxibustion time,the temperature in acupoint tissues constantly rose,and the transmission depth of moxibustion heat also further expanded inside acupoint.Conclusion:By establishing the three-dimensional dynamic model of heat transmission inside acupoint tissues with the biological parameters of human tissues and the temperature values obtained,this study used finite element analysis software ANSYS 14.0 and discovered the rules in the transmission of heat in body tissues during moxibustion,and the features in moxibustion heat transmission (from the proximal to the distant) and heat penetration (from the surface to the internal).This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of moxibustion in clinical practice.

Gerbil forebrain ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury model was used to study the effects of D(1) and D(2) receptor agonists and antagonists on neuronal apoptosis of hippocampal CA1 area. All animals were tested for habituation deficits in an open field test on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after reperfusion. The animals were then killed, and brains underwent paraffin embedding for hematoxylin-eosin staining, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and immunohistochemistry (bax, bcl-2). The result of open field test showed that the I/R group was significantly impaired (higher activity scores) when compared with the control group. Pretreatment with pergolide significantly reduced this habituation impairment. Forebrain ischemia for 5 min resulted in extensive CA1 apoptosis on the 3rd and 7th days after I/R injury. About 95% neurons in hippocampal CA1 area entered apoptosis and only 2%-7% pyramidal neurons stayed alive due to an inhibition of bcl-2 expression and an increase in bax expression. Pretreatment of pergolide attenuated neuronal damage caused by transient ischemia. Infusion of pergolide could induce the expression of bcl-2 and reduce the expression of bax. Pretreatment with SKF38393, SCH23390 and spiperone had no effects on these changes in this transient I/R injury model. All these results indicate that pergolide plays an important role in the protection of hippocampal neurons from apotosis through upregulating the expression of bcl-2 protein and reducing the expression of bax protein.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Dopamine Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Pergolide ; pharmacology ; Prosencephalon ; physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Dopamine D1 ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein