OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of hyperoxia solution on acute lung injury caused by phosgene poisoning by observing the changes of PaO2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) contents in lung tissues.

METHODSThe rabbits were divided into normal control group, hyperoxia solution (H0) and balance salt (BS) groups. Group HO and Group BS inhaled phosgene and the former was given intravenously hyperoxia solution (which was replaced by balance salt solution in Group BS). The content of MDA and the activity of SOD in serum were observed at different time points, the amount of GSH and GSSG in lung tissue were also measured.

RESULTS(1) The serum MDA contents increased and PaO2, SOD activity decreased significantly in Group HO and Group BS along with time increasing as compared with control group. The contents of GSH in lung tissue decreased in two groups compared with that in control group, however the contents of GSSG ascended instead. (2) At 3 and 8 h of the experiment, PaO2 of Group HO [(9.91 +/- 0.49), (9.15 +/- 0.46) mm Hg respectively] were significantly higher than those of Group BS [(9.03 +/- 0.76), (8.11 +/- 0.57) mm Hg respectively] (P < 0.01). The contents of MDA of Group HO (3.66 +/- 0.35), (5.31 +/- 0.15) micromol/L respectively] were lower than those of Group BS [(4.32 +/- 0.26), (7.4 +/- 0.33) micromol/L respectively] (P < 0.01). SOD activity in Group HO [(237.37 +/- 29.96), (208.10 +/- 18.80) NU/ml respectively] were higher than those of Group BS [(195.02 +/- 21.44), (144.87 +/- 21.26) NU/ml respectively] (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The content of GSSG lung tissue in Group HO (423.67 +/- 38.21) micromol/L were lower than those of Group BS (523.85 +/- 43.14) mol/L (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the content of GSH in lung tissues between Group HO and group BS.

CONCLUSIONHyperoxia solution can reduce acute lung injury of rabbits following phosgene poisoning.

Acute Lung Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hyperoxia ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Phosgene ; poisoning ; Rabbits ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo classify the Chinese isolates of Coltiviruses.

METHODSThree sets of primers were selected among them two were specific to the 9th and 12th segments of subgroup B2, and one was for the 12th segment of subgroup B1-All the Chinese isolates of Coltivirus selected in the experiment were classified according to the lengths of different amplicons of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR). The homogenicity of the nucleic acids of the isolates BJ95-75 and YN-6 was also compared with other Coltivirus strains belonging to subgroup B2.

RESULTSWith the primers 12-854-S/12-B2-R, which were specific to the 12th segment of Coltivirus subgroup B2-850 bp amplicons were obtained from Beijing isolate BJ95-75 and all the Yunnan isolates such as YN-6, -67-1, -68-1, -69, -70-1, -70-2, -90, -92-2, -93 of Coltivirus 492 bp DNA fragments were also amplified from all of them with the segment 9th specific primers 9-JKT-S/9-JKT-R. However no positive results were obtained from Northeast isolates NE97-12, NE97-31 and control viruses YN-99(Orbivirus),YN-151-1(JEV) with the same two sets of primers. With 12-B1-S/12-B1R primers specific to the 12th segment of subgroup B1, no amplicons of right length were obtained from any of the Chinese isolates of Coltivirus and the control viruses. When compared the nucleic acid sequences of BJ95-75 and YN-6 with other Coltivirus strains such as Bannavirus, JKT6423, JKT6969, JKT7043, the amplicons from segment 12th of these two strains had more than 89.4% homology with the other strains, especially to the earlier Chinese isolate Bannavirus, the homolog was more then 98.9%. Nearly 96.5% and 99.2% of the nucleic acids of the amplicons from segment 9th of the two strains were being homologous to Bannavirus and about 84.0% to JKT6423, which had been classified into type B2a. But the maximal homogenicity was about 53% when compared with the other two coltivirus strains. JKT6969 and JKT7043 which had been classified into type B2b.

CONCLUSIONGenotyping the recent Chinese isolates of coltivirus for the first time in our country. Most of the Chinese isolates belong to subgroup B2, more exactly type B2a. The Northeast isolates NE97-12 and NE97-31 were not correctly grouped with the available primers.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Coltivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Culicidae ; virology ; Genotype ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

OBJECTIVETo analyze the risk factor of infection for complex tibial plateau fractures after operation.

METHODSTotally clinical data of 293 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed from September 2010 to March 2015, including 199 males and 94 females, ranging in age from 17 to 80 years old with an average of 47.3 years old. The possible risk factors such as gender, age, smoking, diabetes, type of fracture(open/closed), classification of open fracture(Gustilo-Anderson classification), classification of soft tissue injury in closed fracture (Tscherne-Gotzen classification), fracture classification(Schatzker V/VI), osteofascial compartment syndrome, ASA score, anesthesia, timing of surgery, operative time(<=150 min/>150 min), surgical approach, combined approach or not, internal fixation site were studied. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors.

RESULTSTwelve patients were infected of all 293 patients after operation, the infection rate was 4.10%. Univariate analysis showed that fracture type(χ ² =14.496,=0.001), fracture classification(χ²=4.560,=0.033), osteofascial compartment syndrome(χ²=15.631,=0.001), operative time(χ²=11.233,=0.001) were correlated with complex tibial plateau fractures postoperative infection. Multivariate analysis showed that open fractures(χ²=9.696,=0.002) and osteofascial compartment syndrome(χ²=9.119,=0.003) were complex tibial plateau fracture risk factors for infection after operation.

CONCLUSIONSOpen fractures and osteofascial compartment syndrome are risk factor of complex tibial plateau fracture for infection after operation. While through debridement for open fracture patients, early diagnosis and promt treatment for osteofascial compartment syndrome could reduce incidence of infection.

Objective　To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.　Methods　A total of 285 patients received the operation with mean age of 67 years (50-76 years) from January 2008 to April 2012.Mean level of PSA was 15.7 μg/L (1.8 -50.0 μg/L),and mean prostatic volume was 44 ml (26 -74 ml). No lymph node or seminal vesicle involvement was found by CT or MR and radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis.271 cases were confirmed diagnosis by prostatic biopsy and 14 were detected through pathological studies of TURP specimens.Gleason score ranged from 6 to 8.14 cases were in clinical stage T1b,29 cases in T1c,214 cases in T2 and 28 cases in T3a.Transperitoneal approach and modified technique involving bladder neck dissection,nervesparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis were applied on patients.　Results　Mean operative time was 105 min (55 -150 min).Mean intraoperative estimated blood loss was 240 ml (50-800 ml).Rectal injures occurred in 2 cases and were repaired under laparoscopy.Drainage tube and urinary catheter were removed 48 -72 h and 5 -8 d postoperatively.Postoperative hospital stay was 7 d (5 - 11 d).Positive surgical margin was present in 58 patients.Mean follow-up time was 29 months (3 -50 months).Complete continence were found in 208 patients immediately after catheter removal.68 patient recovered continence within 3 months and 9 patients remained incontinence 3 months after surgery. Normal erection presented in 42 of the 57 cases with nerve-sparing.　Conclusions　Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and efficient.Higher efficiency and lower complication rate have been achieved through modified laparoscopic technique involving bladder neck dissection,nerve-sparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis.

The 34 cases in the treatment group were treated with allicin injection through Murphy drip for a course of 10 days with nitroglycerin group as control. Results demonstrated that the total effective rate for symptoms and ECG were 82% and 62% respectively for the treatment group. It also markedly lowered the level of plasmal endothelin, and that of blood sugar in diabetics'. Adverst effects included local pain at the injection site and headache, the incidence of which were 18% and 6% respectively. This therapy is a satisfactory one for stubborn angina pectors.

OBJECTIVETo establish a retinal vein occlusion (RVO) animal model and observe the therapeutic effect of a Chinese herbal composition (Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule, , FXC)inischemicinischemic) in ischemic retinal disease.

METHODSFifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laser photothrombosis to induce RVO on their right eyes and were subsequently randomized to receive FXC (the intervention group, n=7) or placebo treatment (the control group, n=8). Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). The main outcomes were the mRNA copies of VEGF and SDF-1 and the counts of RVO signs.

RESULTSLaser photothrombosis procedure induced typical lesions of RVO, including hemorrhage, leakage, retinal detachment, capillary non-perfusion, filling defect of retinal vessels, and lateral circulation/dilation of small vessels. The retinal lesions were associated with an increased expression of VEGF (P<0.05). No significant change of SDF-1 expression was noticed. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had numerically fewer RVO lesions at week 2 (1.71±0.76 vs. 3.50±1.51, t=-2.82, P<0.05). The benefit of intervention remained at weeks 4 and 8.

CONCLUSIONSA rat model of laser photothrombosis-induced RVO was established and an increase in the VEGF expression was observed in the retinal lesion. The FXC had therapeutic benefit in improving retinal lesions in the rat model of RVO.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Primers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; metabolism ; therapy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate the apoptosis induced by diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG) and its mechanism in human HL-60 leukemia cells.

METHODSInhibition of proliferation was measured by MTT assay. DADAG-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells was observed by electron microscopy, flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay. The levels of Bcl-2 family proteins were detected by Western blotting. Caspase-3 activity was determined by ApoAlert CPP32 colorimetric assay kit.

RESULTSDADAG exhibited potent antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. After treatment with DADAG 8 micrograms.mL-1 for various times, the Bcl-XL protein level decreased in a time-dependent manner, while the Bad protein level was upregulated. The caspase-3 activity increased markedly after treatment with DADAG for 24 h. The apoptotic signals were suppressed by z-VAD.fmk (a general inhibitor of caspases), whereas z-DEVD.fmk, a selective inhibitor of caspase-3, only induced partial reversion of the apoptotic effects.

CONCLUSIONDADAG-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells required caspase-3 activation and caspase-3 activation was related with Bcl-2 family members.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Dianhydrogalactitol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-X Protein

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of knock-down of miR-21 expression on the radiosensitivity of radioresistant glioma SHG-44 cells and its mechanism.

METHODSRadioresistant cell line SHG-44(R) cells were established from radiosensitive parental SHG-44 glioma cells. Then the expression levels of miR-21 in SHG-44(R) and SHG-44 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of miR-21 on the radiosensitivity was assessed in SHG-44(R) with miR-21 inhibitor to decrease the miR-21 expression.

RESULTSmiR-21 was up-regulated 1.49-fold in SHG-44(R) cells relative to the SHG-44 cells. But after transfection with As-miR-21, the miR-21 expression in SHG-44(R) cells was knocked down significantly. As-miR-21 combined with radiation could synergistically enhanced mitotic death and apoptosis of SHG-44(R) cells, with SER of D(0) and D(q) being equal to 1.48 and 1.54, respectively. Expression levels of caspase-3 in the radiation group, AS-miR-21 transfection group and combination group were 2.24 ± 0.14, 2.05 ± 0.19 and 5.72 ± 0.45, respectively, and its expression in the combination group was higher than that in the other two groups.

CONCLUSIONSmiR-21 may be involved in the formation of radioresistance of glioma cells and as a potential target for enhancing the response of radioresistant-glioma cells to radiotheapy.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glioma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; metabolism ; Radiation Tolerance ; Transfection

Objective To evaluate the technique and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods From June 2002 to December 2009, 113 cases of renal tumor received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The age ranged from 26 to 73 years. The tumor located in left side in 51 cases and right side in 62 cases with the mean diameter of 3.7 cm(1.2-6.3cm). During the procedure, the renal artery was separated and then clamped with bulldog. The renal parenchymal was incised with cold endoscissor and the tumor was totally removed. Pelvicalyceal repairing and parenchymal hemostasis were then performed. Renal defect closure was achieved with running suture or horizontal mattress suture. Results All the procedures were completed successfully.There was no open conversion. The mean operation time was 85 min(60- 125 min), the mean warm ischemic time was 24 min(19-43 min). The pathology studies revealed 87 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 9 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma, 7 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma, 6 cases of perivascular epithelioid renal cell tumor and 4 cases of renal oncocytoma. The surgical margin was negative in all cases. There was no complication of urine leakage. Gross hematuria occurred in 2 cases.During 3-41 months of following up, there was no recurrence. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparo-scopic partial nephrectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of renal tumor, which becomes an alternative treatment to open procedure.

OBJECTIVETo identify the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of a bullous pemphigoid patient with acquired hemophilia A (AH-A). To identify FVIII binding epitope and IgG subclass of the FVIII inhibitor, and explore the molecular mechanism for AH-A pathogenesis.

METHODSPlasma FVIII activity( FVIII: C) was determined by one-stage assay, the titre of FYIII inhibitor by Bethesda Unit (BU). IgG purification of patient plasma or normal pooled plasma was finished by protein A-agarose column chromatography. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was assayed for uncovering FVIII inhibitor effect on FVIII in vivo. Combined Western blot analysis by anti-IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies was used to determine the relative concentration of patient' s IgG subclass. IgG subclass concentrations were quantified by nephelometric method. Solid-phase binding assay of FVIII and FVIII inhibitor, combined with Western blot was used to recognize the binding epitope at which the FVIII inhibitor bound to FVIII.

RESULTS(1) Plasma APTT value of patient was prolonged evidently and could not be corrected by normal pooled plasma. Patient's FVIII: C was < 1.5%. The titre of FVIII inhibitor in patient plasma was 147.8 BU. (2) The purified patient IgG was able to inhibit FVIII: C of normal pooled plasma significantly with a dose dependent manner, and the patient plasma could prolong rabbit plasma APTT markedly with a time dependent manner. (3) The FVIII inhibitor was predominantly then of IgG4 subtype with a minority IgG1, and the concentration of IgG4 and IgG1 in the patient was higher than that in normal. The FVIII inhibitor reacted with FVIII 44 x 10(3) fragment epitope.

CONCLUSIONSThe inhibiting effect of FVIII inhibitors on FVIII: C in the bullous pemphigoid patient with AH-A is determined and the IgG subclass of the FVIII inhibitor is identified. A binding epitope for the FVIII inhibitor is a FVIII 44 x 10(3) fragment. The results provides evidence for understanding the pathogenesis of AH-A.

Animals ; Epitopes ; Factor VIII ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Female ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; etiology ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; complications ; immunology ; Rabbits