Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Endocrine Glands ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Hazardous Substances ; poisoning ; Humans ; Nervous System ; drug effects ; Urogenital System ; drug effects

Objective To observe how the ACC transmits nociceptive information and how it regulates spinal noceciption.Methods A total of 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:Sham group,CCI group,ACC group,and AP-5 group.After light-dark transition test, forced swimming test (FST),paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT),paw withdrawal ther-mal latency (PWTL)had been measured,the rats were finally anesthetized,then ACC and the spinal cord was rapidly removed,the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB)and extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK)were measured by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham group,the PWMT of the CCI rats were significantly decreased,rats spent less time in the light compartment and number of transition were decreased (P <0.01 ).The immobility time in FST were also significantly prolonged (P <0.01).After AP-5 injected in bilateral ACC 13 days after CCI operation,the PWMT of the CCI rats were significantly increased,rats spent more time in the light compartment and number of transition were increased (P <0.01).The immobility time in FST were also significantly shortened (P <0.01).Compared with sham group,the expression of pCREB, pERK increased significantly in ACC in CCI group (P <0.01).The expression of pCREB,pERK in spinal cord was increased in CCI group and decreased in AP-5 group (P <0.01 ).Conclusion ACC facilitate the spinal nociception in a descending mode.

Adult ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Hemolysis ; Humans

AIM　To study whether KB-R7943 has selective inhibitory effect on the inward and outward Na+-Ca2+ exchange current (INa-Ca) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. METHODS　Through setting up the model of intracellular Na+-overload during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, the current-voltage relationship of INa-Ca was recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique under bi-directional ionic conditions. RESULTS Currents were elicited by a declining ramp pulse depolarized immediately from holding potential of -40 mV to +60 mV, then repolarized to -100 mV at a speed of 80 mV*s-1 and returned to the holding potential under bi-directional ionic conditions, while the ［Na+］ was 25 mmol*L-1 in the pipette solution. The currents increased time-dependently and voltage-dependently which reached from (2.51±0.15) pA*pF-1 to (5.94±0.13) pA*pF-1 at +50 mV and from (-1.92±0.13) pA*pF-1 to (-3.17±0.16) pA*pF-1 at -80 mV (n=12) after 3 min and there is no significant run-down of the current. KB-R7943 10-6 mol*L-1 was found to decrease the current to (4.62±0.05) pA*pF-1 by 29.4% at +50 mV and to (-2.30±0.18) pA*pF-1 by 22.1% at -80 mV (n=5) after 5 min. While 10-5 mol*L-1 KB-R7943 was shown to decrease the current to (3.13±0.03) pA*pF-1 by 61.7% at +50 mV and to (-1.62±0.03) pA*pF-1 by 56.9% at -80 mV (n=7). CONCLUSION　KB-R7943 can block INa-Ca in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. But, it did not show selective inhibition effect on inward and outward currents.

AIM: To establish the determination of ginsenoside R e and R g1 in Compound Jiangtang Oral Liquid(Radix Ginseng, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Radix Rehmannia, Radix Asparagi, etc.) by HPLC. METHODS: C 18 ODS was used as a stationary phase, acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid (96∶400) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 203nm. RESULTS: The linear range of ginsenoside R e concentration was from 0.66 to 3.29?g?mL -1 and correlation coefficient was 0.9991, the linear range of ginsenoside R g1 concentration was from 1.05 to 5.27?g?mL -1 and correlation coefficient was 0.9998. The average recovery of sample was 98.2% and RSD 2.2% ( n =5), respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and convenient, accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used for determination of ginsenoside R e and R g1 in Compound Jiangtang Oral Liquid.

Objective To assess alternations in left ventricular volume and systolic synchrony in patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes(PVCs) from the right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT).Methods Twenty-nine patients with frequent isolated PVCs from RVOT were included and 30 healthy subjects as control.Instantaneous full-volume imaging(IFI) was performed to evaluate left ventricle volumetric parameters,including end-systolic volume (ESV),end-diastolic volume (EDV),stroke volume (SV),ejection fraction (EF),and systolic synchrony parameters,including systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI),dispersion end-systole (DISPES),mean end-systolic time (MES),pre-contraction time volume (PreContr) and post-contraction time volume (PostContr).Contraction front mapping was performed to visualize volumetric contraction sequence.All values of patients with PVCs were recorded during sinus beats (PVC-S) and premature ventricular beats (PVC-V) respectively.Results Significant differences were observed in left ventricular systolic volumetric and synchrony parameters between PVC-V and control subjects (P＜0.01),as well as in MES and PreContr between PVC-S and control subjects (P＜0.01).Conclusions Left ventricular systolic dysynchrony was demonstrated in patients with PVCs from RVOT.IFI was a novel tool to analyze left ventricular global and regional volumetric alternations.

Objective To investigate the expressions and relationship between lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and E-cadherin protein in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues,and the correlation with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods The case-control study was adopted.The gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected by surgical resection from 80 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2008 to June 2009.Expressions of LSD1 and E-cadherin protein were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The follow-up of telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients till June 2015.Relationships between the expressions of LSD1 and E-cadherin protein and clinicopathological features or prognosis of patients were analyzed.Comparison of count data and correlation were analyzed by the chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation analysis.Survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival analysis was done using the Log-rank test.Results Expressions of LSD1 in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were located at the cell nucleus.The positive expression rate of LSD1 was 67.5％ (54/80) and 43.8％ (35/80) in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues,respectively,with a significant difference (x2=9.141,P ＜ 0.05).Expressions of E-cadherin protein in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were located at the cell membrane and cytoplasm.The positive expression rate of E-cadherin was 63.8％ (51/80) and 81.3％ (65/80) in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues,respectively,with a significant difference (x2 =6.140,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of LSD1 was 83.3％ (25/30),76.0％ (19/25) and 40.0％ (10/25) in the low-,moderate-and high-differentiated tumors,37.5％ (6/16),72.7％ (16/22),71.9％ (23/32) and 90.0％ (9/10) in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages of TNM stage,36.4％ (4/11) and 72.5 ％ (50/69) in patients without and with lymph node metastasis,respectively,showing significant differences (x2=12.870,9.425,4.111,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of E-cadherin protein was 53.3％ (16/30),56.0％ (14/25) and 84.0％ (21/25) in the low-,moderate-and high-differentiated tumors,75.0％ (12/16),63.6％ (14/22),71.9％ (23/32) and 20.0％ (2/10) in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages of TNM stage,100.0％ (11/11) and 58.0％ (40/69) in patients without and with lymph node metastasis,70.0％ (49/70) and 20.0％ (2/10) in patients without and with distant metastasis,respectively,showing significant differences (/x2 =6.494,10.073,5.547,7.426,P ＜ 0.05).There was a negative correlation in expressions between LSD1 and E-cadherin protein (r =-0.355,P ＜ 0.05).The survival time and 5-year overall survival rate of patients with positive and negative expressions of LSD1 were (36.9 ± 2.5) months and 31.1％,(47.4 ± 3.4) months and 56.0％,respectively,showing a significant difference (x2=4.550,P ＜0.05).The survival time and 5-year overall survival rate of the patients with positive and negative expressions of E-cadherin protein were (44.0 ± 2.5) months and 46.7％,(32.6 ± 3.5) months and 24.9％,respectively,showing a significant difference (x2 =7.306,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Positive expression of LSD1 in gastric cancer tissues is higher than that in adjacent normal tissues.There are increased expression of LSD1 and reduced expression of E-cadherin protein in low-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and high TNM stage,showing a negative correlation between them.Positive expression of LSD1 and negative expression of E-cadherin protein may indicate a poor prognosis.

Objective To optimize extraction technology of flavonesingredients from Herba Epimedii by uniform design. Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total flavonoids. Content of epimedin A, epimedin B,epimedin C,icariin and baohuosideⅠ were determined by HPLC. U10?( 108 ) uniform design was used to conduct the multiple comprehensive evaluation of six ingredients and comprehensively analyze the influence of the concentration and amount of ethanol, extracting time on extraction of flavonesin gredients from Herba Epimedii. Results The uniform design experiment showed that 15-fold weight of 60% ethanol,extracting 2 times and each time with 165 min were the optimum extraction condition. Conclusion The method is easy and reasonable to handle,has stable and reliable results,and good repeatability and feasibility.It can be applied in industrial production.

Objective To investigate the cause and countermeasures of frequent shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). Methods Eighty ICD patients with heart failure and malignant ventricular arrhythmias were followed up, including sixty-two male and eighteen female patients. There were 35 patients with single-chamber ICD, 23 with dual-chamber ICD and 22 with three-chamber ICD. Patients in this study were followed up for 1-6 years to analyze the reasons for ICD discharge. According to the specific circumstances, patients were treated. Results Twenty-three pa-tients in 80 patients suffered from shock treatment. Ten patients (12.5%) experienced frequent shocks. The causes of fre-quent shock included repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia, invalid shock due to increased defibrillation threshold (DF) and false identification of the frequent episodes of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia or arrhythmias. The management included the identification process adjustment of ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia, increased num-bers of beats of ventricular tachycardia judgment and increase the basic pacing rate. The anti-arrhythmic drugs should be combinedly used, especially metoprolol and amiodarone. The ICD shock was significantly reduced after parameter optimiza-tion and anti-arrhythmic therapy. Conclusion The ICD shocks were effectively reduced with rational use of anti-arrhyth-mic drugs and valid ICD programming.

DPP-4 inhibitors are new oral hypoglycemic drugs and hot spots developed and launched in recent years, and they pro-vide new choices for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In China, DPP-4 inhibitors that are approved to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are all imported products currently. In the paper, the current intellectual property situation of DPP-4 inhibitors that are developed and approved at home and abroad is researched and analyzed. Reasonable use of the patent information of DPP-4 inhibitors that is about to expire or have failed can provide good guidance for the subsequent development of DPP-4 inhibitors in domestic with promising curative effect and good market prospects, and can generate new patents in order to enhance the market competitiveness.