Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-motor symptoms ( NMS) in early stage newly diagnosed Parkinson 's disease ( PD) patients in different age group and different subtypes .Methods Total 96 newly diagnosed PD patients without taking any drugs and 102 normal controls were collected in outpatient visits , and their clinic information and related scales were evaluated and compared .Results Ninety-one(93.83%) PD patients had at least one NMS, common symptoms were, in order, recent memory (70.83%,68 cases)、constipation (48.96%,47 cases)、attention dysfunction (47.92%,46 cases), and they were significantly higher than PD group (all P<0.01).The incidence of anxiety and panic in patients≤60 years old was significantly higher than that in patients>60 years old (P<0.01).The incidence of urgency in rigidity type was significantly higher than in tremor type(P<0.01).Conclusions NMS in patients with newly diagnosed PD are complex and diverse .The performance in different age groups and different clinical subtypes are also different .

P2 X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels;and is one subtype family of the P2X purinergic receptor.Signaling pathways of P2X7 receptor couple with several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β;IL-6 and COX-2;which suggests that P2 X7 receptor plays a key role in the development of dis-eases via increased inflammation;indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Recent studies show that P2 X7 receptor has a relationship with renal diseases.This article reviews the effect of P2 X7 receptor on renal diseases and its mechanism.P2 X7 receptor may be a new drug target;and its selectivity antagonist may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal diseases.

In condition of direct vision on fundus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches fundus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this ar-ticle, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.

In condition of direct vision on hindus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches hindus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this article, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.
Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Retina ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

70% . The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT was set at 10 ml? kg-1 and respiratory rate at 12 bpm. End-tidal PCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. End-tidal PCO2, SpO2, ECG and BP were continuously monitored. The respiratory function and mechanics were measured using respiratory monitor CP-100 (BICORE) before and after pneumoperitoneum (intra-abdominal pressure reached 15 mm Hg) and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 min after vecuronium. The respiratory parameters measured included inspiratory and expiratory VT ( VTi, VTe) , minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rate (PIFR,PEFR), PEEP, auto-PEEP, pressure-time product (PTP), inspiratory-time ratio (TI/TTOT ), rate/VT ratio, average airway pressure (PAWM), esophageal pressure (PES), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), dynamic compliance (CDyn), airway resistance (RAw ) and work of breathing. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of different doses of vecuronium on respiratory function and mechanics including all parameters measured at all time points among the three groups. Mean airway pressure, esophageal pressure peak inspiratory pressure, airway resistance and work of breathing increased significantly but dynamic compliance decreased significantly after CO2 penumoperitoneum. Conclusion Intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation significantly attect respiratory mecnanics. me effect of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics can not be prevented or attenuated by increasing the dose of muscle relaxant.

Objective To explore the effect of mosapride combined with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder on cleaning intestinal tract before colonoscopy in patients with chronic constipation.Methods A total of 127 patients with chronic constipation for colonoscopy were randomly divided into observation group of 64 cases,oral administration of mosapride 10 mg and polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder; control group of 63 cases,oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for bowel preparation for colonoscopy.The intestinal cleanness,first defecation time and adverse reaction was compared between two groups.Results The Boston bowel preparation score was (8.32 ± 0.86) scores in observation group,and (7.69 ± 0.95) scores in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =3.918,P＜ 0.05).The first defecation time after taking the medicine was (45.69 ± 13.57) min in observation group and (54.63 ± 11.78) min in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =3.966,P ＜ 0.05).After taking the medicine,5 cases of nausea and vomiting and 11 cases of abdominal distension in observation group,13 patients of nausea and vomiting and 23 cases of abdominal distension in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (x 2 =4.29,6.04,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Mosapride combined with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder can improve the intestinal tract cleaning quality,shorten the time of first defecation time,and reduce adverse reaction.

Objective 　To discuss the relation of c-FOS proteion expression in lymphocyte to its cellular immune. Methods　To analyze the schizophrenic lymphocyte membrane markers CD+3,CD+4,CD+8 and lymphocyte transforming test, and also examine c-fos protein expression in PBC under SCH serum. Results　The result was that LTT and c-FOS protein were significantly decreased in drug-free, first episode SCH. Conclusions　The c-FOS superexpression may be related to lymphocyte immune depression of SCH.

Objective To investigate the effect of high uric acid(HUA) on insulin sensitivity (IS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with HUA with or without NAC,and then stimulated by insulin. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was detected by CCK-8 assay. The glucose consumption was measured by glucose oxidase method. The levels of phospho-IRS-1,phospho-Akt and GluT4 protein were tested by western blot. Results HUA could inhibit insulin-induced glucose consumption,phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308),dephosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser307) and the GluT4 protein expression (P<0.05). All the above could be blocked by NAC(P<0.05). Conclusion HUA can inhibit inulin stimulated IRS-1/Akt signaling and GluT4 expression,and thus induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Objective To investigate and analyze the state of injury and treatment for the patients with maxillofacial injuries in Wenchuan earthquake, and search for more effective methods for treating maxillofacial injury. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients wounded in Wenchuan earthquake were admitted to authors' hospital, and they received specialized diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the emphasis was put on those patients with severe ear-nose-throat and maxillofacial injuries. Based on the analysis of the state of injuries, the patients were treated with debridement and suture, reshaping and suture, reduction and fixation of fracture, or local or systematic anti-infection therapy. All the treated patients were followed up 2 weeks after treatment. Results Thirty-three of the 165 admitted patients suffered from various degrees of maxillofacial injury (20.0%), including 10 cases of ear injuries (6.1%), 8 cases of nasal trauma (4.8%) and 2 cases of lip laceration (1.2%). All the wounds healed by primary intention after the treatment with no disfiguration. 8 cases of nasal sinus and zygomatic fractures (4.8%) and 5 cases of mandibular fracture (3.0%) recovered nicely after the treatment. No trauma was found in throat, neck, trachea and esophagus. 6 patients (3.6%) were complicated with infection after injury (onset of infection outside of hospital). There was no death. Conclusion Patients with maxillofacial injury should receive early and appropriate treatment. Besides restoration of function, it is also important to restore the physiognomy