Objective To provide a mathematical formula and method for estimating the distance of shooting by uniform shotgun. Method 360 distribution graphs of canister were made on experimental target paper by shooting with No. 12 and No. 16 uniform shotgun (made in China), using No. 1 and No.3 pellets at the distance of shooting from 1m to 12m. The data of graph measuring and experimental distance were analyzed by mathematic theory. Results Six different types of mathematic formula were obtained for deduce the distance of shooting. They are: 12-1 type (choke) ss= -0.2 + 0.44d; 12- 1 type (no choke) ss= -0.94 + 0.63d; 12-3 type (choke) ss= -0.59 + 0.52d; 12-3 type (no choke) ss= -0.36 + 0.34d; 16-1 types= -0.37 + 0.30d; 16-3types= -0.16 + 0.23d. General software was made using Visual Basic 5.0 computer program. Conclusion This method can be used to deduce the distance of uniform shotgun shooting with little error.

Objective To discuss the condition in which ricochet bullet wound is formed, study its ballistic characters and ability to damage in the body, and establish features for the diagnosis of ricochet bullet wound. Method We shot four Yorkshire pigs by selecting No.54 pistol (made in China) and No.56 semiautomatic rifle with No.51 pistol bullet and No.56 rifle bullet, using quern stone as ricocheting target, copied 12 cases of ricochet bullet wound models and observed the characters of entrance wound, wound cavity and cartridge point. Results The formation of ricochet bullet lies with the properties of the target, the shape and velocity of the bullet, angle of incidence and angle of ricochet; the angle of ricochet formed by sharp bullet with high velocity is smaller than the angle by the round bullet with low velocity under the same circumstance; the wound does not produce an evident temporary cavity; six features for the diagnosis were established according to experimented results. Conclusion The correct diagnosis of ricochet bullet wound is of practical value to judging direction and distance of shot, trajectory reconstruction, analysing purpose of shot and evaluation of injury degree.

Objective To prepare the composite of Polycaprolactone(PCL) and Bone powder(BP) for bone repairing,and evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Methods The materials were prepared in college of chemical engineering and materials science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and the animal tests were fulfilled in Animal Experimental Center of the Second Military Medical University of PLA from June 2010 to March 2011.The PCL and BP were blended together to get the copolymer by haake ( Rheocord 900 ) torque rheometer.Then the extracts of the material in DMEM for 24 hours were obtained.Firstly biological safety detection of the materials was performed:①cytotoxicity test:the extracts were mixed with DMEM to seed rabbit osteoblasts for 24 hours.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The cell proliferation rate and toxicity grate were also calculated ( cytotoxicity of grade 0 or 1 was qualified).②hemolysis test:the extracts were mixed with fresh rabbit blood,hemolysis rate were calculated ( hemolysis mte less than 5％ was qualified).③pyrogenic test:the extracts were injected into the rabbit ear vein with the dose of 10 ml/kg.The anus temperature was measured per hour for three times.The elevator degree was calculated by subtracting the natural temperature from the highest one.Secondly,cellular adhesion test of the material composite was performed.The composite was casted on the cover glasses.The samples were put in 6-well tissue culture plates,totally 6 × 104 osteoblasts were seeded each well and cultured for 3 days.The cells were observed at 24 and 72 hours of culture,and photography was performed using inverted phase contrast microscope.④general toxioity test:the extracts were injected into mouse vein with the dose of 50 ml/kg.The toxic symptoms were observed within 72 hours.Results The novel copolymer of PCL/BP was prepared.①Biological safety:the cell viability of the composite was 87.8％ and cytotoxicity was grade 1.The hemolysis rate was 2.4％,less than 5％.The maximal variety of body temperature in rabbits were 0.4℃,which accorded with the national standard ( ＜0.6℃ ).The general toxicity test showed that there were no adverse effects in the animals,such as death,convulsion,paralysis,respiratory depression,diarrhea and decreasing weight.②Cell adhesion:adhesive cells manifold obviously and assembled 24 hours later,inosculated gradually 3 days later,and the cells were in good fettle.Conclusion The composite of PCL/BP accords with cytotoxicity demand of the biological materials,presenting no toxicity,pyrogenicity or hemolysis.It possesses good biocompatibility and cellular adhesion.

Adult ; Broad Ligament ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; diagnosis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; pathology ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; adverse effects

China ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To estimate the expression of ER and PR in the endometrium of both intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and non-IUA specimens. Methods The endometrium specimens from patients undergoing hysteroscopy for confirmed moderate IUA (n=20: 10 in proliferative phase, and 10 in secretory phase) were enrolled as the IUA group in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from October 2014 to August 2015. The specimens scheduled for hysteroscopy due to infertility were recruited into the control group (n=26: 13 in proliferative phase, and 13 in secretory phase). Immunohistochemistry and quantificational real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of ER-α, ER-β and PR in endometrium with different menstrual period in both groups. Results (1) Location: in both groups, the expression of ER-α, ER-β and PR appeared in the endometrial glandular epithelial cells and the stromal cells of the endometrium. The positive brown granules of ER-α, ER-β and PR appeared mainly in cell nucleus. (2) ER-α and ER-β in the endometrium:the protein expression of ER-α and ER-β in IUA group (proliferative phase: 0.657 ± 0.028, 0.493 ± 0.023; secretory phase: 0.537 ± 0.020, 0.365 ± 0.031) were significantly higher than those of control group (proliferative phase: 0.586 ± 0.025, 0.437 ± 0.022; secretory phase:0.459 ± 0.025, 0.323 ± 0.017;all P<0.01). And the ER-αand ER-βmRNA expressions in IUA group were 2.524 ± 0.296, 1.947 ± 0.339, higher than those of control group in the proliferative phase (all P<0.01), and in the secretory phase (1.977±0.333, 1.345±0.292) were also higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01). (3) PR in the endometrium: the protein expression of PR was not significantly different between IUA group (proliferative phase:0.248±0.025, secretory phase:0.194±0.024) and control group (proliferative phase: 0.234 ± 0.019, secretory phase: 0.186 ± 0.020; P=0.162, 0.359). Meanwhile, there were no statistical differences in the mRNA expression of PR in both groups with different menstrual period (proliferative phase: 1.144 ± 0.384 versus 0.981 ± 0.306, secretory phase: 0.763 ± 0.237 versus 0.631 ± 0.203; P=0.270, 0.166). (4) ER and PR expression in menstrual cycles: the expression of ER-α, ER-β and PR in the IUA group changed with the menstrual cycles, and their expression in the proliferative phase were higher than those in the secretory phase (all P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of ER-α and ER-β in the endometrium of IUA patients changes with menstrual cycle, and are higher compared with those in normal endometrium. No difference is found in the PR expression between the two groups.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between liver stiffness and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic heptatitis B patients with negative α-fetoprotein (AFP) tests. MethodsFrom September 2012 to August 2014, this study enrolled a total of 82 HBV-relative native HCC patients as the case group. During the same period, a total of 253 chronic hepatitis B patients were also include in this study as the control group. These 253 patients were followed up for six months. All of the two groups were AFP-negative. Liver stiffness was measured in all patients by transient elastography device Fibroscan?. Logistic regression was applied to assess the risk of HCC incidence, and stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR) was calculated.ResultsThe age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in case group were 53 years old (44-61), 12.00 kPa (7.50-20.75), 43.14 g/L (39.50-46.75) respectively. The age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in control group were 45 years old (38-56), 8.40 kPa (5.40-13.50), 46.40 g/L (43.75-48.50) respectively. The variables were compared between two groups with unpaired studentt test, and the results were statistically significant (t=4.33, 3.56,
-4.48,P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00). The patients in case group were older, and had higher liver stiffness measurements and lower plasma albumin than that of the patients in control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that HCC incidence was associated with age,male-gender and liver stiffness, and the odds ratios (OR) was 1.053, 2.432, 6.803 respectively. When liver stiffness was<10 kPa, 10.1-15 kPa, 15.1-25 kPa,>25 kPa, SSLR for HCC presence was 0.67, 1.02,1.44, 3.98 respectively.ConclusionsLiver stiffness measured by transient elastography is useful in predicting the risk of HCC incidence in AFP-negative chronic heptatitis B patients. Clinicians needed to carry out close follow-up and appropriate intervention for these patients.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Methods The clinical data of 2 children with eosinophilic gastroenteritis was retrospectively analyzed. Results Eosinophilia was found in both cases and path-ological examination indicated eosinophil infiltration in intestinal mucosa. The clinical symptoms were improved after hypoaller-genic diet, amino acid formula and anti-allergy treatment. Conclusions Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is characterized by eosino-phil infiltration with unknown pathogenic factor leading the treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis lacking of sound evidence.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity