Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Epidemi-ological studies have shown that intensive glucose control can reduce stroke risks in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the current prospective clinical trials have failed to validate a definite causal relationship between them. This article reviews the clinical trials about the roles of intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch polysaccharide (ACPS) on the growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and to explore the effect of SGC-7901 cells on p-p38 expression.

METHODSThe inhibition rates at different concentrations of ACPS on SGC-7901 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h were detected using CCK-8 method. Apoptosis ratios in SGC-7901 were determined by flow cytometry after 48-h treatment of different concentrations of ACPS. The expression of pro-caspase-9, PARP, and p-p38 in SGC-7901 cells after treated by different concentrations of ACPS was detected using Western blot. The expression of pro-caspase-9, PARP, and p-p38 was detected after SGC-7901 cells were pre-treated by p38 specific inhibitor.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the optical density of SGC-7901 cells decreased after treated by 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL ACPS (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the longer the acting time, the lower the optic density (P < 0.01). IC50 was 7.43 mg/mL at 24 h; 3.88 mg/mL at 48 h, and 1.32 mg/mL at 72 h respectively. ACPS suppressed the protein expression of pro-caspase-9 (P < 0.01) and up-regulated the expression of PARP (89KD) (both P < 0.01). Further study showed that the protein expression of p-p38 was up-regulated in SGC-7901 cells treated by ACPS of different concentrations at 24 h (P < 0.05). The expression of phosphorylation p38 and the ACPS induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells could be inhibited after treated by specific inhibitor for 2 h.

CONCLUSIONSACPS could inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells and induce apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of inducing apoptosis was partially due to activating the p38MAPK path and further activating Caspase9 and PARP, finally leading to cell death.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of the side of cerebral lesion on the outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 407 consecutive anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients within 14 days after symptom onset were recruited prospectively.The basic data ofthe e,~ISes were collected,such as the National Institutes ofHealth Stroke Scale (NU-ISS)and the side ofcerebral lesion.The modified Rankin Scale(mRS)was used to evaluate the prognosis of the patients at 6 raomhs.Results Of the 407 patients recruited,230 patients (56.5%)Were left hemisphere stroke,177(43.5%)were fight hemisphere stroke.After multivariable logistic recession analysis,the age(odds ratio[OR]1.022,95% confidence interval[CI]1.001-1.043,P=0.040),the side of lesion(OR 1.999.95%CI1.179.3.389.P=0.010),the time from onset to admission(OR1.006,95%(7/1.002-1.010,P=0.007),the outcome of the anterior circulation ischcmic stroke at 6 months aftel"onset.The outcome of the right hemisphere stroke Was significantly worse than that of the left hemisphere stroke.The onset-admission time in patients with right hemisphere stroke(median 12 h,median 39.61 h)was significantly delayed compared to the patients with left hemisphere stroke(median 12 h,median 22.72 h;Z=-2.962,P=0.003).Condusions The outcome of the left hemisphere stroke at 6 months after onset is superior to the right hemisphere stroke,and it mau be associated with the delayed admission.

Objective To study a possible correlation between the duration of reproductive period ( from puberty to menopause) and the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Methods Female in-patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed by CT/MRI in the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 09/03/2006 to 08/30/2008 were enrolled in this study. The probable risk factors of prognosis were analyzed and recovery was assessed by modified Rankin score (MRS) at 6 months followup. Multivariate Logistic regression was used for statistic analysis. Results 371 female patients were enrolled. The average age was (66. 2 ± 10. 0) years; average menopause age was (48. 5 ± 3.9 ) years and average duration of reproductive period was (33.3 ± 4. 3) years. There is a negative correlation between the duration and MRS (OR =0. 285, 95% CI: 0. 095-0. 850, P =0.024). There is no correlation between menopause age and prognosis of stroke. Conclusions Duration of reproductive period is a predictor for prognosis of ischemic stroke. Patients with longer reproductive period have better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the application of statins in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in different risk groups,and to identify the factors influencing the compliance of statins. Methods Data were prospectively collected on consecutively encountered ischemic stroke or TIA patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2009 to January 2010.All clinical characteristics and possible factors influencing the compliance of statins were collected; the application of statins was investigated at 3-month follow-up.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for the analysis of influence factors of the compliance of statins.Results All 369 patients were collected,52.8％ of cases were prescribed statins for therapy during hospitalization.The application rate of statins in accordance with guidelines in high-risk group,extremely high-risk Ⅱ group and extremely high-risk Ⅰ group was 25.0％ (16/64),44.1％ (30/68) and 71.4％ (135/189),respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the statins application during hospitalization was associated with diabetes history ( P =0.032,OR =1.789,95％ CI 1.052-3.043 ) and the presence of carotid vulnerable plaques(P =0.000,OR =5.308,95％ CI 3.340-8.434).The general application rate of statins was 22.3％ (81/363),which was significantly lower than that during hospitalization. The application rate of statins in accordance with guidelines in high-risk group,extremely high-risk Ⅱ group and extremely high-risk Ⅰ group was 9.7％ ( 6/62 ),25.8％ (17/66) and 29.4％ (55/187) respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that good compliance of statins was associated with discharge instructions on statins application ( P =0.000,OR =34.852,95％ CI 14.673-175.452 ). Conclusions The compliance of statins in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and TIA is poor,and there is still a large gap between clinical practice and guidelines; Discharge instructions on statins application increase the compliance of statins.

Objective To study the structure of class 1 integrons in 90 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during two periods of 1992-1996 and 2003-2005,and to get information about the structure changing of class 1 integrons by comparing their structures in two different periods.Methods Routine PCR and long PCR were performed to amplify the class 1 integrons and the gene cassettes they carried, followed with sequencing and blast via GenBank.Results Thirteen out of 41 strians ioslated during the period of 1992-1996 were positive on class 1 intergrons.Long PCR showed that the class 1 integron was 1868 bp in length and contained 2 resistance genes averagely.Six types of resistance genes of qacEA1 (n=6), sull (n=14),aadA1 (n=2),aadB (n=1),PSE-1 (n=2) and tetA (n=1) were found in these integrons, which consisted of 5 patterns of resistance cassette arrangements.Nineteen strains were proved to carry class 1 integrons in 49 isolates from 2003-2005.The mean DNA sequence length of them was 3383 bp with 3.6 resistant genes in averagely,10 types of resistance genes,qacEA1 (n=18),sull (n=25),aadA1 (n=6), aadB (n=7),aacA4 (n=2),PSE-1 (n=3),VEB-1 (n=4),OXA10 (n=1),cm1 A (n=1) and tetA (n =2),were identified in these integrons,which were composed of 9 patterns of resistance cassette arrangements.Conclusion In terms of produce length and resistance cassettes carried in the integrons, greater complexity is found in the structure of class 1 integrons in strains isolated during 2003-2005 than those during 1992-1996.

To study the compatible mechanisms and compatible proportion of Shaoyao Gancao decoction, the intestinal absorption of main ingredients in Shaoyao Gancao decoction SG11 (Baishao-Zhigancao 1: 1) , SG31 (Baishao-Zhigancao 3: 1), Baishao water decoction S and Zhigancao (G) were investigated and compared using in vitro everted intestinal sac model and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. The concentration of paeoniflorin (PF), liquiritin (LQ) and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GL) in test samples and samples of intestinal sac and intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC. The intestinal absorptive amount and absorption parameters were calculated. Results showed that in the everted intestinal sac model, three ingredients could be absorbed by duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and the absorption in the jejunum was best for all 3 ingredients. The absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 was significantly higher than that in single decoction (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference compared with SG31. In SPIP model, the absorption rate constant K(a), the apparent absorption coefficient P(app) and the absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 were significantly higher than those in single decoction. Parameters of PF and GL in SG11 were significantly higher than those in SG31, but had no differences of LQ. It proved that the compatibility of Baishao and Zhigancao could improve the intestinal absorption of PF, LQ and GL. The absorption of each ingredient in SG11 was better than that in SG31.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the clinical application of a new thermosensitive embolic agent in interventional arterial embolization treatment, and to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in treating inoperable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Prospective, open and single center clinical study of a new thermosensitive embolic agent was conducted. A total of 10 patients with clinically confirmed inoperable advanced HCC were treated with percutaneous arterial embolization using thermosensitive embolic agent; a maximum of 4 therapeutic cycles were performed until the disease progressed. Objective effect was evaluated at (30 ±7) days after the treatment according to mRECIST standard; the progression free survival (PFS) time and the survival period (OS) were recorded. The adverse reactions and adverse events were determined by NCI-CTC 3.0 version standard. Results Ten patients (23 target lesions in total) were enrolled in this study. After the treatment, complete remission (CR) was obtained in one patient, partial remission (PR) in 3 patients, stable disease (SD) in 5 patients, and progress disease (PD) in one patient. The objective response rate (CR+PR) was 40%, and the disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 90%. The PFS of hepatic lesions was 18.4 weeks (95%CI:14.15-22.65), the cumulated median survival period was 46.2 weeks (95%CI:38.18-54.22). The most common adverse reactions included pain, fever, hepatic function damage, small amount of ascites, diarrhea, etc. Conclusion The new thermosensitive embolic agent is not sticky to vessel and is visible under X-ray; it has reliable embolization effect, and the therapeutic results can be easily evaluated. This embolic agent is not perfect, and it has some limitations in clinical use. The adverse reactions are mild, which can be easily tolerated by the patients. It is worth trying to carry out large sample and randomized controlled studies in order to open up more areas for arterial chemoembolization therapy of tumors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the time law of electroacupuncture in regulation of circadian rhythms of the organism.

METHODSEffects of electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" (BL 23) at Zi, Wu, Mao and You periods on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and core body temperature in hamsters were observed with chronobiological research methods.

RESULTSElectroacupuncture at Wu period could decrease the amplitude of locomotor activity rhythm (P < 0.05), at Mao period could delay the peak phase of circadian rhythm and at You period could advance the peak phase of circadian rhythm (both P < 0.05); and electroacupuncture at Mao period could delay 22.36 degrees and at You period advance 39.32 degrees for the rhythm peak of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture has a certain effect on circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and core body temperature.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Motor Activity

OBJECTIVEThe multiple levels fragmentations of five furocoumarine (psoralen, xanthotoxin, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, and byakangelicol) in Angelica dahurica have been demonstrated using LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with high resolution and high mass accuracy to discover the possible,fragmentation regularity.

METHODDuringcollsion-induced dissociation (CID), the MS(n) data of the five compoundswhich were gained in the positive ion mode at 35ev collision energy by direct injection syrings method were analyzed using Xcalibar 2.0 Software to infer the formula of these fragmentations.

RESULTThe results indicated that the five compounds have similar fragmentation process with CO meutral lost at C5,C8-subsituents and furan ring, meanwhile the meutralloss of CO2 occurred easily at lactone group.

CONCLUSIONThis method is helpful in identifying the structures of other furocoumarinein Angelica dahuricaand their metabolites in vivo.

Angelica ; chemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Molecular Structure