Objective To investigate the influence of structural psychological intervention on negative emotion of hemodialysis patients during the induction period.Methods 90 hemodialysis patients in induction period were divided into intervention group(structural psychological intervention group,45 cases)and control group(conven-tional nursing group,45 cases)by the method of random number table.The satisfaction degree of nursing after two weeks nursing and negative emotional state before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results The satisfaction degree of the intervention group after nursing was 95.5%,which was higher than 84.5% of the control group(χ2 =6.362,P <0.05).The SAS score and SDS score of the two groups before nursing had no significant differences(t =2.41,1.78,all P >0.05).While the SAS score and SDS score of the intervention group after nursing were significantly better than before intervention(t =4.87,6.62,all P <0.05).And the SAS score and SDS score of the intervention group after nursing were significantly better than those of the control group(t =5.76, 8.43,all P <0.05).Conclusion Structural psychological intervention on hemodialysis patients with uremia during the induction period can increase the nursing satisfaction of patients,relieve the anxiety and depression of hemodialysis patients during the induction period.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for constructing relief fund system for adverse drug reactions(ADR)in China. METHODS:Referring to the ADR damage relief system in Japan and Taiwan area of China,comparative study was conducted from aspects of the legal basis of the fund establishment,the nature of the authority,financing sources and ratio,relief efforts,etc. And rationalization suggestions were put forward for constructing the relief fund system for ADR in China. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The ADR damage relief fund system of Japan and Taiwan area of China was established by the law. However,due to dif-ferent administrative system,financing sources and ratio,and relief efforts,there were some similarities (setting related laws, showing similarities in the partnerships between authorities and its health departments)and differences(the nature of fund authori-ties were independent administrative body in Japan,independent corporation in Taiwan area of China and so on)in the elements of the financing model. When constructing the ADR relief fund system,China should accelerate the relevant legislation;the govern-ment should reasonably arrange fund management agency,gradually establish ADR damage relief fund step by step,enhance the public awareness of ADR damage relief fund and establish diversified financing modes with enterprise-based payment.

Objective To analyze the results of syphilis test and to understand the syphilis infection and its epidemiological characteristics .Methods 728 untreated patients with definite diagnosis of syphilis were enrolled and classified according to their age ,gender and syphilis types ,and retrospectively analysis was conducted .Results Among 728 syphilis patients ,446(61 .26% ) were diagnosed with latent syphilis ,211 (28 .98% ) with dominant syphilis ,32(4 .40% ) with neurosyphilis and 39(5 .36% ) with congenital syphilis .The average detection rate of syphilis was 1 .49% .332(45 .60% ) cases were found in female patients while 396 (54 .40% ) in male .Male syphilis patients were mainly in the 20 to 60 age group ,and female in the 20 to 50 age group .Dominant syphilis occurred mainly in the 20 to 40 age group and latent syphilis in the 20 to 60 age group .Conclusion The detection rate of syphilis increases year by year ,with the highest growing rate in latent syphilis and young adults as major incidence groups .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the drug utilization in nationwide sample hospitals so as to provide information for the production, management and utilization of drugs. METHODS: The drug utilization data in nationwide 690 hospitals during the period 2005 ～2006 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Anti-infective drugs, cardiovascular drugs, biological products and biochemical drugs have been ranking among the first 3 places in consumption, but their consumption sum showed a downward trend. The consumption sum of anti-tumor drugs, Chinese formulated products, digestive system drugs, and respiratory system drugs showed an upward trend. The top 20 drugs on the list of consumption sum were mainly antibiotics. The consumption quantity and consumption sum of anti-tumor drugs showed an upward trend. Of the top 10 manufacturers in terms of consumption sum, the imported manufacturers took a small proportion while the joint venture took a higher proportion.

It is necessary to carry out bilingual teaching in medical vocational education.However,there are many difficulties of bilingual education,such as paying insufficient attention to bilingual education in the schools,the lack of bilingual education teachers and unevenness of students in English.In order to solve the problems the medical vocation schools should develop policies and methods of bilingual education and enhance bilingual teacher training and increase the investment of both hardware and software for bilingual teaching.

Objective To explore the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier caused by vinegar retention enema, and compare the degree of injury in intestinal mucosal barrier between isotonic vinegar and traditional hypertonic vinegar treat-ment. Methods Sixteen adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The solution of vinegar mixed with normal so-dium was given to hypertonic group. Isotonic group was administered with isosmotic solution made of vinegar and double dis-tilled water, with the same volume fraction and pH as hypertonic group. Then two different osmosis solutions were given as enema solution to rabbits under the same condition. Finally, damages of intestinal mucosa were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in two groups. Results It was observed that injuries of rectum and distal part of colon were more severe in hypertonic group than those of isotonic group through light microscope. Besides, cell structures were morphologically normal, with in-line microvilli and intact tight junction in isotonic group. In hypertonic group, microvil-li of intestinal cells decreased or disappeared, the cell junction is widened, and cell apoptosis and necrosis were found through TEM. Conclusion Results showed that isotonic vinegar had less damage to mucosa. Consequently, isotonic vinegar can be considered as enema solution for hepatic encephalopathy to avoid damage by osmosis in clinic.

Objective To identify the incidence and risk factors that are associated with agitation after general anesthesia from 500 pediatric patients .Methods Data about any kinds of the index from 500 pediatric patients ,ASA Ⅰand Ⅱ ,receiving gen‐eral anesthesia were recorded .such as the age ,sex ,weight ,anxious before the anesthesia ,kinds of the disease ,class of ASA ,kinds and dosage of the anesthesia drug ,such as ketamine ,propfol ,sevoflurane ,fentanyl ,the intubation ,length of anesthesia time ,the re‐covery time and the agitation grade .According to the agitation grade ,all the patients divided into two group ,the agitation group and the non‐agitation group .Logistic regression with a descending stepwise algorithm was performed to identify independent variables . The discriminative power of the Logistic regression model was checked with a receiver operating characteristic curve .Results Agi‐tation meeting the predefined criteria occurred in 153 patients(30 .6% ) .The Logistic analysis identified the following varables to be associated with agitation after the anesthesia:age ,sex ,weight ,anxious before the anesthesia ,the use of the ketamine and the sevoflurane ,the intubation .The agitation correlation coefficients for the age ,sex ,and the use of the ketamine were negative ,other‐wise the weight ,anxiety ,the use of sevoflurane and the intubation were positive .The area of ROC was 0 .850 .Conclusion This study contributes to the identification of patients with a high risk for agitation after general anethesia .The index of the age ,sex , weight ,anxious before the anesthesia ,the use of the ketamine and the sevoflurane ,the intubation should be comprehensive evalua‐ted .

ObjectiveTo study the effect of adding various doses fentanyl to 0.75％ bupivacaine for spinal anesthetic in the population undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery. MethodsThe population of 100 patients belonging to ASA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair, were randomized to receive a spinal anesthetic with 2 ml 0.75％ bupivacaine and 1.0 ml saline (group B),or 50 μg/ml fentanyl 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6 ml(group BF5, group BF10, group BF20,group BF30),each group with 20 cases.Subarachnoid block was established in the left lateral position in L2-3 space by use of a midline approach. The volume of injected drug was kept constant at 3 ml. The time to the highest level of sensory block, the time for regression until T12 level, the time for complete motor recovery, the maintenance duration of the analgesia,the anesthesia effect of the groups, duration of surgery, drug-related side effects were assessed and recorded.ResultsThe time of the highest level of sensory block in group BF30 was shorter than that in group B,group BF5, group BF 1 0, group BF20 (P ＜ 0.05 ), but group B and group BF5 was longer than group BF10,group BF20, group BF30(P ＜ 0.05 ). The time of regression to T12 level in group BF20 was longer than that in group B, group BF5, group BF10, group BF30 (P＜0.05),but group B and group BF5 was shorter than group BF10, group BF20, group BF30(P＜ 0.05 ). The time for complete motor recovery and the maintenance duration of the analgesia in group B and group BF5 was shorter than that in group BFI0,group BF20, group BF30 (P ＜ 0.05 ). The occurrence of pruritus in group B (0) was lower than that in group B F5 (8 cases),group BF10 (3 cases), group BF20 (6 cases), group BF30 (6 cases)(P＜0.05). There were no cases of respiratory depression in five groups. ConclusionsIt suggests that in the population receiving spinal anesthetic for hernia repair surgery, addition of 10 μ g fentanyl to 0.75％ bupivacaine significantly improves the quality and duration of analgesia. No further advantage occurs if the dose of fentanyl is increased among 30 μg.

[Objective]To investigate the efficacy of tissue-engineerring artificial bone in treating rabbit bone defect.[Method]Rabbit bone marrow stromal cell were separated for cell culture,and subculture was done to increase the number of bone marrow stromal cell.A combined grafting material was made of bone marrow stromal cell and bioglass.The mixture,ilium and bioglass were used respectively to repair segment defects created in the radius of rabbits.The repair capability was assessed by figuration,radiography,histochemistry stains,scanning electron microscopy and biomechanical analysis at 12 weeks after operation.[Result]The amount of new bone formation with tissue-engineering artificial bone was more than that of other 3 groups.At 12 weeks the defect was bridged with the appearance of marrow cavities,but the bony healing was not found in the blank controls,which were repaired by fibrous tissue.After 12 weeks,the new bone formation in the group of the combined bone marrow stromal cells and bioglass showed the best performance.There was significant difference between groups.[Conclusion]Bone marrow stromal cell is a kind of good bony stem cell.The mechanism of osteogenesis may attribute to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.The tissue engineering structuring bone marrow stromal cell is a promising method to repair bone defects.

One hundred seventy of patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma (30 cases were treated by pre-operative radiation and surgery (combined group), 27 cases by surgery alone, 113 cases by radical radiation). The doses of the preoperative radiation and the radiacal radiation were D T40 Gy/4w and above D T 50 Gy/5w, respectively. The 5 year survival rates were 40% in the combined group, 15.3% in surgry alone, and 28% in radical radiation groups. The difference of survival rates in the combined group and surgery alone was significantly different statistically. Factors affecting the survivals were lymphnode metastasis in radical radiation and recurrent larygeal nerve paralysis in the combined group. The main causes of failure were local residual and recurrence (71%) in radical radiation and lymphnode metastasis (81%) in the combined group. The authors believe that pre-operative radiation combined with surgery could improve the survival of cervical esophageal carcinoma. Radical radiation is also one of effective treatment methods for cercical esophageal carcinoma.