Objective To investigate the neural mechanism of inhibitory control in sensation seeking by using the event-related potential(ERP) technique. Methods High and low sensation seekers( 16 people in each group ), who were selected according to their sensation seeking scores, performed a Go/Nogo task in which the stimuli possessed two levels of difficulty. Electro- encephalogram(EEG) signals were recorded continuously by a set of 32 Ag/AgCI electrodes. Results For two types of stimuli ( Congruent, Incongruent) :( 1 )The amplitude(FCZ) of Nogo N2 and Nogo P3 were( (1.61 ±4.25)μV,(-2.32±4.55)μV)and((16.44±5.74)μV,(17.00±5.71)μV). (2)There was no significant main effects of group for the Nogo N2 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.31, P=0. 59,η2=0. 01;F(1.30) =0.07,P=0.80,η2=0.002) ,the N2d amplitude( F(1.30) =1.18,P=0.29,η2=0.04;F(1.30) =0.004, P=0.95, η2 ＜ 0.001 ) ,the Nogo P3 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.13, P=0.72, η2 =0.004;F(1.30)=0.28, P=0.60, η2 =0.009) and the P3d amplitude( F(1.30) =0.08, P=0.50, η2 =0.02; F (1.30) =0.56,P=0.46, η2 =0.02). (3)Neither of main effects for the N2 and P3 latency was significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion The inhibitory control is similar across high and low sensation seeking groups,indicating that there is no relationship between the sensation seeking behaviors and the individual inhibitory control.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-safety theory intensive training before laboratory medicine intern-ship.Methods Collected 220 students of three universities in human before laboratory medicine internship,according to dif-ferent university,and the different grade of the same university,and the same class grouping pre-and post-the bio-safety in-tensive training,the obj ects of study in accordance with the training scheme to do on-site questionnaire survey by secret way in three universities,comparing the effectiveness pre-and post-training.Results Three universities had no difference before training of laboratory medicine students (χ2=0.081~3.135,P>0.05).However,in the same university,pre-training,the basic concepts and microbiological hazards assessment could be better grasped (respectively,P=0.000,0.000).Post-train-ing,the basic concepts and bio-safety operation specification could be promoted (respectively,P=0.000,0.002).In the same class between pre-and post-training,test results had no difference (χ2=0.096~2.408,P>0.05)except personal protec-tive equipmentin 2008 grade students,while in 2009 grade test performance was improved (χ2=4.821~12.27,P<0.05) except the basic concepts.Conclusion Bio-safety intensive training has good effects to operation skills,according to the spe-cific situation of students targeted training,which made students real benefit,and ensure laboratory medicine students’labo-ratory safety.

OBJECTIVETo observe the curative effect of porous tantalum rod and Gugutou Huaisiyu Capsule (GHC) for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH).

METHODSA total 60 hips of 50 SONFH patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to grouping time, 25 in each group (30 hips). Patients in the control group were implanted with porous tantalum rod, while those in the treatment group additionally took GHC (5 pills each time, three time per day for 2 successive months; and then twice per day for 4 successive months). Then all patients were followed-up to observe Harris hip score. The curative effect and the femoral head survival time were assessed.

RESULTSA total of 49 patients (59 hips) were followed-up. The Harris hip score of the two groups at the final follow-up was significantly improved after treatment, with statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). Besides, it was higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The curative effect and the survival time were superior in the treatment group, with statistical difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPorous tantalum rod combined GHC got better effect in treating SONFH. It could significantly improve the function of affected hips and prolong the survival time of femoral head.

Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Femur Head Necrosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Steroids ; adverse effects ; Tantalum

To explore the correlation between nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count and perinatal asphyxia in neonates.Full-term newborns born from May 2011 to November 2012 were recruited and divided into perinatal asphyxia (n =40) and normal (n =30) groups.Apgar score was recorded immediately at delivery.The umbilical arterial blood was also collected into anticoagulant-treated tube and NRBC was counted by Japan OlympusCX41 biological microscope.NRBC count for perinatal asphyxia group [(10.70 ± 2.61)/100 WBC] was significant higher than that for normal group [(2.67 ± 0.35)/100 WBC].A statistically significant negative correlation existed between NRBC and umbilical arterial blood pH,Apgar score at 1 min,BE value (r =-0.802,P ＜ 0.05 ; r =-0.639,P ＜ 0.05 ; r =-0.566,P ＜ 0.05).Associated with perinatal asphyxia in neonates,NRBC may be used as a simple index for assessing the severity of neonatal perinatal asphyxia.

Objective To investigate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore its relationship with clinical characteristics and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).Methods The expressions of Nrf2 and TrxR genes in bone marrow cells and K562 cells were analyzed in 30 bone marrow preparations of CML patients in different phases,including 20 in chronic phase,3 in accelerated phase,7 in blastic phase by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Ten health subjects were served as normal controls.Results The relative quantitation expression of Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA were 5.601±1.069 and 9.017±2.398 in chronic phase,1.698±0.349 and 5.590±1.015 in accelerated phase,1.252±0.807 and 5.050±1.469 in blastic phase,1.377± 0.344 and 1.867±0.977 in normal controls.The expressions of both Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA in CML had significant differences from those of the normal controls (x2 =14.680,P =0.002,x2 =8.271,P =0.041).The expression of Nrf2 mRNA in accelerated phase,blastic phase group showed no significant difference (Z =0.011,P =0.496),but lower than that in chronic phase group (Z =2.155,P =0.016,Z =2.534,P =0.006).The difference between the first visit and post-treated group was significant (Z =2.015,P =0.022).The expression in K562 cells and normal controls had significant difference (Z =1.898,P =0.029).In CML patients,the expression of Nrf2 was positively correlated with that of TrxR (r =0.738,P =0.037).Conclusion The expression of Nrf2 gene is higher in the first visit group of CML than that in the other groups,and is decreased after therapy,which may be the molecular marker predicting the progress of CML.Nrf2 mRNA expression level is correlated with TrxR.

AIM: To observe the effect of piceatannol on the kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats in early stage, and to explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, low dose of piceatannol treatment group, medium dose of piceatannol treatment group and high dose of piceatannol treatment group.The rat model of diabetic nephropathy was induced accordingly, and the rats received 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg of piceatannol by gavage once a day for 4 weeks.Blood glucose was detected by glucometer.The urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the serum were measured by urease-glutamate dehydrogenase enzymatic and inosine acid oxidase methods, respectively, and 24 h urinary microalbumin was analyzed by immune transmission turbidimetry test.Moreover, the pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed under microscope with HE staining.The protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 7 and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with model group, piceatannol treatment significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and urinary microalbumin, but had no effects on serum creatinine.Furthermore, HE staining showed that the increased mesangial cells, matrix hyperplasia and degenerated epithelial cells in model group were markedly inhibited after piceatannol treatment.Additionally, piceatannol treatment also reduced the protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 7, and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3.CONCLUSION: Piceatannol attenuates pathological progression in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats in early stage, which may be through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Objective To establish rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) induced by different methods,to assess the serum levels of several related hormones,to examine the morphological changes in the ovaries,and to discuss their significance.Methods Letrozol,sodium prasterone sulfate,or sodium prasterone sulfate combined with human chorionic gonadotropin were used to establish rat models of PCOS.Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the serum levels of hteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estrogen(E_2),progesterone(P),testosterone(T),prolactin(PRL),and insulin(INS).HE staining was used to examine the morphological changes of the ovaries.Results Comparing with the normal group A,the serum FSH was increased and the serum progesterone was reduced in the group B,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The serum testosterone was significantly higher in the group B than in the group A(P<0.01).The levels of serum sex hormones and insulin were not significantly different in the group D and C(P>0.05).In comparison with the group C,the levels of serum testosterone and LH/FSH ratio was significantly increased in the group E.(P<0.05).Comparing with the group D,the serum levels of progesterone and testosterone were significantly increased in the group E(P<0.05).The ovaries in the rats of groups A and C showed almost a normal histyology,with mature follicles and dominant follicles.Polycystic changes were observed only in the ovaries of groups B,D and E.Conclusion At the aspect of affecting the level of sex hormones in serum and changing the ovarian morphology.adopting letrozol tablets or sodium prasterone sulfate combined with HCG to induce rat PCO model is more close to clinic manifestations and meets the criteria of PCO animals.In the rat PCOS models induced with letrozol or with sodium prasterone sulfate combined with HCG,either the serum levels of sex hormones and ovarian histology are quite similar to those of human clinical appearance,and may well meet the modeling requirements for future experimental studies of polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Paraquat (PQ) intoxication causes lung oxidative stress damage. Saturated hydrogen saline, a newly explored antioxidant, has been documented to play a powerful antioxidant role in preventing oxidative stress damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and the possible mechanisms of intoxication on rats with acute lung injury (ALI) caused by paraquat poisoning. METHODS: Thirty PQ poisoned rats were randomly divided into a PQ intoxication group (intoxication group), a saturated hydrogen saline intervention group (intervention group), and a control group, with 10 rats in each group. The first two groups accepted an intragastric administration of PQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg for every single rat, and the control group was fed with a same volume of normal saline. Five mL/kg of saturated hydrogen saline was given to the intervention group three times a day by peritoneal injection for three days after intoxication. Arterial blood gas was detected on the third day. The rats were executed and their lungs were taken for measurement of wet dry weight ratio, homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG). Histological changes of the lungs were also observed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intoxication group had more serious hypoxemia, greater wet/dry weight ratio, higher MDA level, higher expression of 8-OhdG and more severe lung damage (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, after intervention with saturated hydrogen saline, poisoned animals turned to have lighter hypoxemia, smaller wet/dry weight ratio, lower MDA level, lower expression of 8-OhdG, and milder lung damage (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Saturated hydrogen saline is effective in preventing acute lung injury caused by PQ. Possibly, it can neutralize toxic oxygen radicals selectively and alleviate the oxidative stress injury induced by PQ.

BACKGROUNDSkin lesions are common manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is still unknown what the definite pathogenesis of skin involvement was and whether DNA participated in it. Our study was designed to explore the pathogenetic role and nature of nuclear antigen (DNA) deposited in the skin lesions of patients with SLE.

METHODSThirty skin samples from patients with SLE and 2 normal skin samples were studied. Extracellular DNA was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence methods. The deposited immune complexes were extracted by cryoprecipitation, and DNA was then isolated with phenol and chloroform. DNA fragment sizes were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Finally, 8 different probes were used to analyze the origin of these DNA molecules using Dot hybridization.

RESULTSExtracellular DNA staining was found only in skin lesions, mainly those located in the basement membrane zone, vascular wall, and hair follicle wall. Normal skin and non-lesion SLE skin showed no fluorescence at locations outside the nuclei. There were no differences in the rate and intensity of extracellular DNA staining when comparing active phase to remission phase patients. No relationship was found between extracellular DNA and circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies. Deposited DNA fragments clustered into four bands of somewhat discrete sizes: 20 000 bp, 1300 bp, 800-900 bp, 100-200 bp. Small sized fragments (100-200 bp) were positively correlated with disease activity (P < 0.05, r = 0.407). Dot hybridization showed significant homology of the various extracellular DNA fragments examined with human genomic DNA, but not with DNA from the microorganisms and viruses we examined. There were also homologies between DNA samples from different individuals.

CONCLUSIONSDNA and its immune complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of skin lesions in SLE. These DNA molecules range in size from 100 bp to 20 kb and may be endogenous in origin.

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; analysis ; DNA ; analysis ; immunology ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; Skin ; immunology ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVETo establish a qualitative and quantitative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fingerprinting technique for quality control of compound dandelion enema.

METHODSHPLC was utilized for quality assessment of 10 batches of samples. RP-HPLC analysis was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile (A) and potassium phosphate solution (B) (pH3.2) as the mobile phase in gradient mode. The concentrations of solvent A were 10%, 80% and 80% at 0, 38 and 40 min, respectively. The column temperature was set at 35 degrees C, the flow rate at 0.7 ml/min and the detection wavelength at 254 nm.

RESULTSHPLC fingerprinting was established from the 10 batches, and the data showed 23 characteristic peaks in the compound dandelion enema for use as index peaks for qualitative identification. Comparison of the retention time and the on-line UV spectra of the samples with the chemical standards identified peaks 3, 4 and 8 as protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. The contents of caffeic acid in the compound dandelion enema ranged between 63.7 and 136.8 microg/ml.

CONCLUSIONHigh specific chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative measurement of caffeic acid allows rigorous quality control of compound dandelion enema.

Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; standards ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Taraxacum ; chemistry