Cortisone ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Immunomodulation ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology

Objective:To optimize the determination technology for the total amino acids in Runing pills. Methods:The process was optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal design using the hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and hydrochloric acid concentration as the evaluation factors,and the content and yield of total amino acids as the evaluation indices. Results: The optimal determination condi-tions were as follows:the hydrolysis temperature was 110℃, the hydrolysis time was 22 h and the hydrochloric acid concentration was 6 mol·L-1 . Conclusion:The optimal determination technology can be applied in the total amino acids from Runing pills,which pro-vides the basis for the further research of Runing pills.

Objective To evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of helical CT virtual cystoscopy (CTVC).Methods CTVC was performed in 36 patients suspected bladder diseases, all cases were confirmed by conventional cystoscopy and pathology. CTVC images were generated from the volumetric data of the excretory phase using helical CT. The results were then compared with the findings of axial images and conventional cystoscopy in a double-blinded manner. Results CTVC could clearly display the normal anatomic structures of bladder, 11 ureteric orifices were visualized at CTVC in 7 of 8 normal bladders. The location, size, numbers, configuration and extension of lesions showed on CTVC were corresponded well with that of conventional cystoscopy. The sensitivity to vesical carcinoma was 94.7%,2 tumors smaller than 5 mm depicted on CTVC images were not seen on the axial images, whereas areas of wall thickening and extravesical invasions were more readily appreciated on axial and MPR images. There was 1 false lesions detected on CTVC images. Conclusion CTVC has proved to be a noninvasive and reliable technique in the detection and diagnosis of bladder lesions, but the optimal evaluation requires adequate bladder filling with contrast medium, and should combine with the interpretation of axial and MPR images.

Objective Although vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is a primary mediaor in diabetic retinopathy(DR).VEGF inhibition alone is insufficient for preventing retinal neovascularization.Some studies showed that erythropoietin(EPO)is a potent retinal angiogenic factor of independent of VEGF in DR.The present study is to investigate the effect of high glucose on the expression of mRNA and protein of the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR)in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(UVECs)in vitro.MethodsHuman UVECs from the cell center of the hospital were cultured in vitro and passaged in DMEM containing 10% neonatal bovine serum with 22mmol/L of glucose for 12,24,48 and 72 hours in the experimental group.Cells cultured in 5.5mmol/L glucose were used as control group Ⅰ and mannitol + 22mmol/L of glucose(isotope)as control group Ⅱ.The expression of EPOR mRNA in Human UVECs were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase(RT)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and detected at A_(260mm)/A_(280mm).The PCR product was calculated as the A value of EPOR mRNA amplification/the A value of GAPDH mRNA amplification.The expression of EPOR protein in Human UVECs was detected by immunocytochemistry.ResultsThe A_(260mm)/A_(280mm) value of EPOR mRNA receptor expression was 0.32±0.02 in the 5.5mmol/L glucose group,and 0.34±0.02 in the mannitol+22mmol/L glucose group(P>0.05).In 12 hours,24 hours and 72 hours after the experiment,the A260mm/A280mm value of EPOR mRNA was 0.82±0.01,0.96±0.02 and 1.02±0.01,respectively,indicating a significant increase in comparison with the 5.5mmol/L glucose group.The expression of Human UVECs protein was gradually increased with passage in the experimental group.Expression of Human UVECs protein was stronger in various time points in the 22mmol/L glucose group than in the 5.5mmol/L glucose group.ConclusionHigh glucose elevates the expression of EPOR mRNA and protein in Human UVECs in a time-dependent manner.The effect of high glucose(22mmol/L glucose)on the expression of EPOR mRNA and protein in Human UVECs is not related to osmotic pressure.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; pathology ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Trachea ; surgery ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; adverse effects

Objective To evaluate a modified liver hanging maneuver(retrohepatic tunnel of the IVC) in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy.Methods Twenty-four patients undergoing hemihepatectomy were divided into two groups:modified liver hanging maneuver group(n=12)and Pringle's maneuver group(n=12).The amount of intraoperative bleeding,operation time,postoperative liver function,liver function recovery and complications were compared between the two groups.Reset All operation were performed successfully and there were no difference in the time of operation etween the two groups.There was a difierence in the amount of mean intraoperative blood loss between the two groups.It was(160±40)ml in liver hanging group and(560±120)ml in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).Liver function recovery measured on postoperative day 3 and day 7 was better in liver hanging groupthan that in Pringle's group(P＜0.01).The volume of postoperative peritoneal serous fluid dranage was significantly less in liver hanging group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The modified liver hanging maneuver is useful for hemihepatectomy.

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the role of erythropoietin(EPO)in relieving the injury of human renal tubular cells (HK-2) induced by postasphyxial-serum of neonates.Methods Human renal proximal tubular cell(HK-2) was used as the target cell.The experiment was designed as control group, asphyxia group,and group of pretreatment with EPO. The attacking concentration of serum was 200 mL/L,then the changes of morphology were observed under inverted microscope,and the cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethy lthiazcl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetazolium bromide(MTT) methods,and the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was determined by biochemical methods.Results Compared with control group,the change in morphology of HK-2 was most serious and obvious,and the leakage rate of LDH increased significantly,and the cell viability decreased obviously in asphyxia group.But compared with asphyxia group,the change in morphology of HK-2 was obviously improved,and the leakage rate of LDH decreased and the cell viability increased in group of pretreatment with EPO in a dose-dependent manner except the group of 1 IU/mL.Conclusion EPO can play the role in relieving the injury of renal tubular cells induced by postasphyxial-serum in neonates.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis of articular chondrocyte and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos in articular cartilage with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in order to understand the pathogenesis of chondronecrosis in KBD. Methods The collected samples of human articular cartilage were divided into two groups: control group (15 samples from 15 cases), KBD group (15 samples from 15 cases). KBD patients were diagnosed by "Pathological Criteria to Diagnose KBD in China". Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and the Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos positive articular chondrocytes were stained by the B-SA of immunohistochemistry. Articular cartilage was classified three zones and the positive rate were counted by light microscope for cytoplasimic staining by polyclonal antibodies of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos and apoptotic chondrocytes by TUNEL. Results ① The percentage of positive apoptotic chondrocytes stained by TUNEL in the middle zone of articular cartilage from the KBD-children group(33.60±2.71%) was higher than that of the control (1.33±0.41% t=11.59, g=28, P<0.01). ②The percentage of chondrocytes staining for Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos among the upper and the middle zone in KBD group were significantly higher than that of the control (t=11.75-18.65, g=14, P<0.01); the remarkable difference in the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos among the upper, the middle and the deep zones was also seen in KBD articular cartilage (F=73.49-114.42, g=42, P<0.01), and staining for Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos in KBD children was prominent in the upper zone(41.93±12.26%, 45.60±15.78%, 53.60±16.49%, 45.47±14.02%) and the middle zone(14.93±3.50%, 13.87±4.32%, 23.27±4.83%, 21.67±6.82%)of articular cartilage, respectively. Conclusion The chondrocyte apoptosis and the present of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos positive chondrocytes in articular cartilage of children with KBD were significantly higher than that of the control.

Objective To investigate and analyze the preventive effect of boron on the cartilage damage in rats with intake excessive fluoride. Methods Fifty-ix Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, intake distilled water), the excessive fluoride dose group (EF, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F-) and the boron prevention group (P, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F- as well as the supplemental boron dietary). 3 to 5 months later, fluorine contents in serum, RNA contents in costal cartilage were assayed. The morphological changes in tibia growth plate cartilage (GPC) in rats were observed. Results Although exposed to the same dose of fluoride, the fluorine contents in serum in rats of P group decreased notably compared with those of EF group, the damage of tibia GPC under optical and electron microscope lessened significantly, and RNA contents in costal cartilage increased obviously in the 3rd month. Conclusion Boron added could decrease the fluorine level in the body and relieve the toxic symptom of excess fluoride, and thus boron has a preventive effect on skeletal fluorosis.