BACKGROUND:The key of vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty to success is whether the puncture needle can accurately reach the vertebral body through pedicle. Therefore, it is important to identify the correct point and direction of needling in the X-ray fluoroscopy. Among many methods published in present reports, the puncture point and the puncture angle are not fixed. Few reports concerned whether the puncture needle perforated pedicle medial wal . OBJECTIVE:To seek safe, effective puncture point and the puncture angle of percutaneous pedicle from the perspective of anatomy and radiography. METHODS:The best entry point during percutaneous vertebroplasty in the X-ray fluoroscopy:dissection was performed on thoracic, lumbar skeletal samples (T 6-L 5 ) to find the position of pedicle axis leading to the rear of the vertebral body, and this position is the best entry point of percutaneous vertebroplasty. It was fixed with mini-screw. The relationship of the best entry point and pedicle developing position in the X-ray fluoroscopy was analyzed to find the best entry point in the X-ray fluoroscopy. The best entry angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty:The average included angle of pedicle axis and vertebral sagittal line was measured using autopsy and CT scanning on adult thoracic and lumbar skeletal samples (T 6-L 5 ). The best entry angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty was found. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During percutaneous vertebroplasty, the best entry point in the X-ray fluoroscopy was the left pedicle projection 9 area and right pedicle projection 3 area. The optimal needle angle during percutaneous vertebroplasty:5°-10° in lumbar vertebra L1-L4;20° in L5, not more than 25°;about 5° in thoracic vertebra T6-T12 .

Objective To study the clinical significance of P - selection expression in children with viral encephalitis and the correlation between this expression and the cerebral infarction with critical viral encephalitis. Methods Flow cytometric was employed to detect the expression of P- selection on the surface of platelet membrane in 44 children with viral encephalitis(20 light patients and 24 critical patients) and 20 healthy control children. The area of the cerebral infarction was determined by computed tomographic scan in 20 patients with critical viral encephalitis. The correlation between the two variables was analyzed. Results The expressions of P - selection on the surface of platelet membrane on less than 5 days and on 2 weeks after the onset of viral encephalitis were significantly higher in critical patients than those in normal control children and light patients( P

Background Research determined that hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)is associated with the hypoxia response in normal organ,and it plays an important role during the embryon development.It is also proved that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is upregulated in embryon retina.But,whether the action of HIF-1 and VEGF is correlated is unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic change of expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in retina during embryonic development and explore the role of HIF-1α and VEGF along with retinal evolvement.Methods The different embryon ages of SD rats were obtained from 30 clean pregnant SD rats by cesarean surgery.The retinas were isolated from embryon 10一day,12一day,14-day,16-day and 20-day rats respectively.The expressions of HIF-1 α and VEGF protein in retina were semi-quantitatively and qualitatively determined by immunochemistry,and the expressions of HIF-l α and VEGF mRNA in retina with different-embryon-phase and adult rats were detected by RT-PCR. Results The hishly level of expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF protein were found in the cellular nuclei and cytoplasm of retina in embryon 10一and 12-day rats.With the increase of embryon age.the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in retina lowed(F=56.70,P<0.01；F=60.78.P<0.01).Compared with the adult rats,the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in retina were higher from embryon 0-day through 20-day rats(all P<0.01).The significantly positive correlation was found in the expression level between HIF-1α and VEGF protein throughout the experimental duration(r=0.96,P=0.00).Followed the same pattern,the expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA in retinas were also enhanced in the embryon 10- and 12-day rats.Identically,a gradually weakened trend was seen in the expressions of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA in retinas as the increase of gestational age of rats(F=68.84,P<0.01；F=96.49,P<0.01),and the exDressions of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA decreased in the adult rats compared with different embryon-phase rats,showing a statistically significant difference between them(all P<0.01). Conclusion The expressions of HIF-1 αand VEGF in retina appear a dynamic alteration from hish to low during the embryonic development of rat retina,indicating that HIF-1α/VEGF pathway might participate in the process of embryo development of rat retina.

Background Erythropoietin (EPO) was proved to be express in hematopoietic tissue and nervous system and play the effects of stimulating blood cell production and protecting nervous tissue.Researches showed that EPO is expressed in the embryon brain of animal.However,whether EPO exist in nervous-derived retina and its action on retina with the development is concerned. Objective This research was to investigate the expression of EPO during the embryonic development period of rat retina and explore the role of EPO in retina development process.Methods Clean Wistar rats with pregnancy for 12 days,16 days and 20 days were collected,and the embryonic 12-day rats (E12 d,5 rats),embryonic 16-day rats (E16 d,5 rats) and embryonic 20-day rats ( E20 d,5 rats) were obtained by caesarean operation,and 5 12-month W istar rats were used as controls.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the retinal sections were prepared in the different-embryo-phase (12 d,16 d,20d) and growth phase.The expression of EPO protein and mRNA in rat retina was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.The feed and use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results EPO was positively expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei in the neuroepithelial layer and pigment epithelium of every-embryo-phase rats but only in retinal ganglion cell layer in 12-month-old rats.The gray scale values of EPO expression in retina were 105.55±10.35,99.35± 8.71,83.27± 7.84and 30.30± 3.80 in E12 d rats,E16 d rats,E20 d rats and 12-month-old rats respectively with a statistically significant difference (F=76.13,P＜0.01 ).RT-PCR revealed that the relative values of EPO mRNA expression in retina were 0.876±0.10,0.861 ±0.09 and 0.256±0.03 in E16 d rats,E20 d rats and 12-month-old rats respectively,presenting a elevated value in embryonic rats compared with adult rats ( P =0.00).Gel imaging deletion showed that the A value of EPO amplification products was highest in E16 d rats and lowest in adult rats.Conclusions The expression of EPO appears a high to low fashion during the embryonic development of Wistar rats,which is closely associated with the developing procedure of retina.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of anterior cervical intervertebral space decompression under microscope in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to March 2012, 43 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were treated with anterior cervical intervertebral space decompression and intervertebral fusion under microscope. There were 26 males and 17 females, aged from 60 to 72 years old with an average of (64.9±3.7) years. Japanese Orthopaedic Association System (JOA) score was from 7 to 12 points with an average of (9.5±1.8) points before operation. The function of nerves was assessed before and after operation according to JOA.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 18 months with an average of (14.7±1.6) months. Postoperative JOA score was (13.81±1.44) points (ranged, 10 to 16), had significantly higher than preoperative (P<0.01). According to the rate of the improved JOA score, 9 cases got excellent results, 26 good, 7 fair, 1 poor.

CONCLUSIONAnterior cervical intervertebral space decompression under microscope for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients is safe and effective.

Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Middle Aged ; Spondylosis ; surgery

Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Objective To report 6 cases of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma,and to inves- tigate the relationship between this disorder and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.Methods Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in the biopsy specimens obtained from all 6 patients. Skin lesions were subjected to EBV encoded RNA(EBER)detection by in situ hybridization.Serological assay and quantification of EBV DNA were performed.Results All the 6 patients had recurrent papules, papulovesicles,necrosis and variola-like scar with chronic intermittent fever;four of the patients also presented with edema of the face,hands and feet.Pathologically,there were multilocular vesicles in the epidermis,and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes through the dermis.The cells were atypical with mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining of the lesions of 4 patients showed large quantities of cells expressing CD56, scattered cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,and cells expressing grazyme B and T cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1);a diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous NK/T lymphoma was made in these 4 cases. In the lesions of another 2 patients,the cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,but not CD56,were observed; the diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was made in them.EBER was detected in the tumor cells of all the 6 patients.The IgG titers of anti-Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen increased in all patients(1:5120 in 2 cases,1:2560 in 2 cases,1:1280 in 2 cases).The copies of EBV DNA were increased in the peripheral blood of both the two detected cases.A chronic active EBV infection was confirmed in all patients.Conclusions Hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma is clinically characterized by edema of face,hands and feet,vesicular eruptions and variola like scars;histologically,it is characterized by infiltrates of atypical cells consistent with lymphoma,and necrosis in the center of vessels.NK/T is the primary immunophenotype of this disease.There is a close association between chronic active EBV infection and hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma.

Objective To explore the relationship of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN ) expression with the positioning of AMPA recepter subunit GluR2 in hippocampal neuron after stretch injury. Methods The primary rat hippocampal neuron from neonate rats were cultured and the model of stretch injury established. Western blot and TUNEL staining were used to detect PTEN expression and the positioning of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 in rat hippocampal neuron at different time intervals after stretch injury. Results The PTEN expression was increased obviously after stretch injury, while the expressions of AMPA receptors GluR1, GluR2 and GluR3 showed no evident differences at every time point. However, AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane was down-regulated obviously after stretch injury. Conclusion The intracellular PTEN expression and the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane are on the contrary, indicating that PTEN phosphatase may participate in the transport and reintegration process of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 located at cytomembrane.

OBJECTIVE Hypericin, a powerful naturally photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT), is suitable for treating skin diseases involving excess capillary proliferation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the skin penetrability of a topically applied hypericin, expecting reducing the risk of prolonged skin photosensitivity, which often occurs after systemic administration. METHODS The Franz diffusion cell assay was performed to evaluate different penetration enhancers. In vivo studies, fluorescence microscopy was performed to examine the distribution of hypericin in the skin, macroscopic and microscopic analyses were also carried out to detect pathological changes in the skin after topical hypericin-PDT treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of PECAM-1 in the treated skin. RESULTS 5% menthol facilitated hypericin penetrate the skin of nude mice most. The results of in vivo assays revealed that hypericin penetrated nude mice skin, spread to the dermis, and resulted in obvious photosensitivity reaction on the dermal capillaries. Moreover, skin injured by the photosensitive reaction induced by hypericin was replaced by normal skin 7 d after hypericin-PDT treat?ment. CONCLUSION Topical hypericin could penetrate nude mouse skin well and be great potential in PDT treatment of skin diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy in assessing the preoperative chemotherapy response and multidrug resistance of osteosarcoma.Methods From January 2007 to October 2008, 12 patients (female:4, male:8; mean age:16.3 years,range:8-27 years) underwent early (10min) and delayed (120 min) 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy before and after preoperative chemotherapy.Seven cases had osteosarcoma at the distal femurs, 2 at the proximal tibias, 2 at the upper end of humerus and 1 at the fibula.The tumor-to-background ratio (T/B) and washout rate (WR) were calculated.Tumor necrosis was classified according to Huvos criterion after limb salvage surgery.Immunohistochemical staining for P-glycoprotein(gp) was examined.Spearman correlation analysis and t-test were performed.Results According to Huvos criterion, 7 patients were classified as good responders with more than 90% of tumor cell necrosis and 5 as poor responders with less than 90% of tumor cell necrosis.R value (ratio of early phase T/B after and before chemotherapy) was significantly lower in good responders than that in poor responders (0.473 ± 0.21 vs 0.998 ± 0.06, t= 5.342, P= 0.000 ).R value was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor cell necrosis ( rs=- 0.87, P= 0.000 ).WR was significantly higher in patients with positive P-gp expression than that in patients with negative P-gp expression ((38.36 ±18.64)% vs (6.40±5.87)%, t= -3.278, P=0.008).There was significant correlation between the WR and P-gp expression (rs = 0.91, P= 0.001 ).Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy is a feasible non-invasive technique to assess the chemotherapy response and to detect P-gp expression of osteosarcoma.