Objective To observe the histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the supraspinal ligaments in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods The supraspinal ligaments were stained with HE,Sirius Red/saturated carbazotic acid and then observed nuder microscope,electyonic scanning microscope and transmission electron microscope respectively.The density of blood vessel and collagen fibril were analy-zed.Statistical analysis was carried out by using t test.Results In the AS group,under the microscope,the arrangement of in collagen fibers was in chaos,and hyalinosis,fatty infiltration could be seen.Vascular proliferation was predominant.Collagen-Ⅲ expression could be detected in this group.Under electron microscope,the distribution of collagen fibril was sparse,and the periodic strita was indistinct,the matrix was degraded,and some matrix vesicle could be seen.While in the control group,orderly arrangd collagen fibrils could be seen,and no change of blood vessels could be seen.The density of vascular structures in the AS group was (6.8±0.7)/HP,and (1.0±0.4)/HP of the control group.The density of collagen fibrils in the AS group was (122±22)/μm2,and that of the control group was (218±10)/μm2,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion A series of histopathological changes have occurred in the supraspinal ligaments in AS patients.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of Nogo-A protein in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP) .Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) : control group (group C) , sham operation group (group S) and NP group. NP was induced by ligation and severance of tibial and common fibular nerves according to the technique described by Isabelle et al. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) to von Frey filament stimulation was measured at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation. Six rats in each group were randomly selected at each time point and sacrificed (3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence, 3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by Western blot) . The L5 DRG and L4,5 segment of spinal cord on the injured side were removed for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Compared with the groups C and S, MWT was significantly decreased at 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation, the expression of Nogo-A protein in the DRG was down-regulated at 7 and 14 days after ligation and the expression of Nogo-A protein in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated at 14 and 21 days after ligation ( P ＜0.05) .Conclusion The Nogo-A protein in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn may play an important role in peripheral nerve injury-induced NP in rats.

Objective To discussed the relationship between multiple sclerosis(MS)and the genepolymorphism of HLA hoping that these results would be useful for further pathogeny studies,diagnoses,therapy and prognosis estimation of MS.Methods HLA-Ⅱ alleles in 32 patients with MS,36 nonimmunological neurological disease controls and 30 healthy controls,were identified by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers(PCR-SSP)methods.Results The gene frequency of HLA-DR16 (7/32,1/36,0/30),DR11(7/32,3/36,1/30)and DQB1*0502(10/32,6/36,4/30)in patients with MS were higher than those in the 2 control groups.The gene frequency of DQB1*0601(8/32,12/36,17/30)in the patients with MS was lower than the controls.However,only the HLA-DR16 had significant difference (χ2=7.398,RR=17.94,P=0.011;χ2=5.52,RR=9.8,P=0.022).Conclusion HLA-DR16 alleles may be associated with the susceptibility to MS in Guizhou Province.

Objective To investigate the clinical treatment of infective endocarditis with vegetations in pregnant women and the outcomes of the gestation. Methods Nine cases of pregnant women diagnosed as infective endocarditis with vegetations in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2001 to October 2015 were enrolled in retrospective analysis. Consultations were held by doctors from department of obstetrics, anesthesiology, cardiology, cardial surgery and extracorporeal circulation to decide the individualized treatment plan for the 9 cases of pregnant women after admissions. Clinical treatments including general treatment, anti-infection treatment, cardiac surgery, and termination of pregnancy surgery were completed through collaboration among related departments. The clinical characters, therapeutic regimens, maternal and neonatal outcomes of the 9 cases were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characters: the ages of the 9 cases of pregnant women were from 25 to 36 years old. The onset gestational ages were from 19 to 36 weeks. Clinical symptoms: fever, cough, sputum and progressive anemia were the main symptoms. Patients had cyanosis of lips, could not lie on the back or even be orthopnea, when heart failure happened. Heart murmur was audible and splenomegaly was touched in physical examination. Blood cultures were positive. Basic heart disease types: 7 cases of congenital heart diseases included 2 cases of aortic insufficiency, 1 case of mitral insufficiency, 1 case of patent ductus arteriosus, 1 case of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis and 2 cases of ventricular septal defect.Two cases of rheumatic heart diseases included 1 case of mitral stenosis, 1 case of mitral stenosis after artificial disc changed and jammed. According to endocardial vegetations attached position there were 3 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 2 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations, 3 cases of aortic vegetations and 1 case of right ventricular outflow tract neoplasm. Preoperative heart function classification:1 case of levelⅡ, 3 cases of levelⅢ, 5 cases of levelⅣ.(2)Treatments:general treatment included oxygen uptake, rest in bed, cardiac strengthen and diuretic therapy, etc. Combined and adequate antibiotics were applied in anti-infection treatment according to drug sensitive test. Nine cases of pregnant women were all performed surgical treatment of heart diseases and removal of the endocardial vegetations. Caesarean sections were performed for 2 cases in second trimester and for 7 cases in last trimester. Cardiac surgery and caesarean section were operated in 6 cases at the same time among 22-34 weeks of pregnancy. Cardiac surgery were respectively operated in 2 cases 11 days and 32 days after the caesarean section at 33, 37 weeks of pregnancy. While Cardiac surgery was operated (at 26 weeks of pregnancy) before the caesarean section (at 37 weeks of pregnancy) in another 1 case. (3) Maternal and neonatal outcomes:7 cases of pregnant women were rescued successfully, while 2 cases of pregnant women were death. Postoperative heart function classification: 1 case of level Ⅰ, 2 cases of levelⅡ, 4 cases of levelⅢand 2 cases of levelⅥ. Neonatal survivals were 6 cases including 2case of full-term infants, 4 cases of preterm infants. Stillbirth or neonatal death were 3 cases, which included 2 cases performed caesarean section in second trimester and 1 case of very low weight infant who was given up treatment by family because of severe asphyxia. Followed up periods were from 1 to 7 years with an average time of (2.0 ± 1.6) years. Infants and young children grew and developed well during the period of follow up. Conclusions The risk is extremely high of pregnancy with infective endocarditis with vegetations. But there is still a way to save the maternal and neonatal life by using a multidisciplinary collaboration formulation and implementation of individualized treatment plan and selecting the appropriate time for heart surgery and the termination of pregnancy.

AIM: To investigate the effects of safflor injection(SI) on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA during lung ischemia/reperfusion injury(PIRI) in rabbits.METHODS: Rabbit lung model of ischemia/reperfusion injury was constructed in vivo.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group(group S),ischemia-reperfusion group(group I/R) and ischemia/reperfusion plus safflor injection group(group SI).The lung tissue sampled at the end of the experiment was assayed for wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),injured alveoli rate(IAR) and observed ultrastructure changes under electron microscope.The expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC).The expression of COX-1 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA were observed by in situ hybridization(ISH).RESULTS: The value of W/D and IAR was much higher in I/R group,but decreased in SI group.Electron microscope showed obvious ultrastructure injury brought by PIRI in I/R group,which was greatly attenuated in SI group.The IHC and ISH demonstrated that COX-2 and COX-2 expressions in pulmonary tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those in S group(P

Objective To explore the methodology of skin flap muscle flap (double flaps) and and effect of the double flaps on eyelid bag blepharoplasty.Methods Through lower eyelid incision,skin flap and muscle flap were formed,orbicularis muscle and orbital septum separated between the skin and flaps,direct access to the inferior orbital rim depression.Arcuate edge of the orbicularis muscle was fully stripped and released,especially the orbicularis muscle at the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbital fat was released,sutured below the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbicularis muscle flap was designed,lift and fixed to enhance midface to achieve the rejuvenation effect in the lower eyelid region.Results The 36 patients treated had no hematoma and flinch in the lower eyelid.Within 3 to 18 months follow-up,there were no ectropion,and facial nerve damage and other complications.Conclusions Double-flap is a feasible method as it can effectively enhance midface rejuvenation and correct eyelid bags deformity.

OBJECTIVE:To study the in vitro uptake of Resibufogenin(RBG)lactic acid glycolic acid copolymer-water solu-ble vitamin E (PLGA-TPGS) in human liver cancer HepG2 cells,mouse ascites-type lymphatic metastasis of tumor HCa-F cells, and the toxicity on HepG2 cells. METHODS:RCPTN loading RBG and coumarin-6(C6)were prepared. Fluorescent inverted mi-croscope was used to observe the in vitro uptake by RCPTN HepG2,HCa-F cells. It was divided into negative control group,blank PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles(EPTN)group,5-fluorouracil solution(FS)group,RBG solution(RS)group,RBG/PLGA nanoparti-cles(RPN)group and RPTN group. WST-1 was conducted to investigate the optical density at 450 nm wavelength of HepG2 cells after 24,48,72 h incubated by FS,RS,RPN and RPTN with different final concentrations (1.25,2.5,5,10,20 μg/mL);the cell viability (CV) and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. RESULTS:RCPTN distributed around the nucleus of HepG2,HCa-F cells. CV was decreased by RBG concentration increased in RPN group and RPTN group,and decreased by time prolonged;compared with FS group,CV in RPTN group was decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). IC50 of HepG2 cells incubated by FS,RS,RPN and RPTN was decreased by time prolonged,ordered by RS>FS>RPN>RPTN;IC50 incubated by RPN and RPTN for 48,72 h was obviously less than that of FS and RS(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:RPTN can deliver RBG in-to HepG2,HCa-F cells,showing inhibition effect on HepG2 cells which is stronger than RPN,RS and FS.

【Objective】 To understand the antigen profile and antibody frequency of Wr^a in voluntary blood donors in Shaanxi province. 【Methods】 Wr^a antigen and antibody screening as well as blood group typing and antibody identification were performed by serological tests and confirmed by genetic testing. 【Results】 The incidence of Wr^a antigen in 7 490 voluntary blood donors was 0.013%(1/7 490), and the frequency of anti-Wr^a in 729 voluntary blood donors was 0.823%(6/729). 【Conclusion】 This study explored the polymorphism of Wr^a antigen and antibodies in blood donors, which is informative in the risk assessment of blood transfusion and the screening and identification of respective antibodies.

Objective To explore the relationship between the distribution of infected snails and transmission of acute schistosomiasis in hilly regions.Methods The data concerning the distribution of the infected snails and acute schistosomiasis in Shitai County,Anhui Province from 1999 to 2008 were collected and analyzed.Results The sehistosome infection rate of human increased as the distance between the settings with infected snails and activity sites of humans shortened.Conclusions Acute infection of schistosome of human is associated with the distance between the settings with infected snails and activity sites of them.Strengthening the measures of snail control in key regions,protecting key populations and carrying out health education for schistosomiasis control are important approaches to control the transmission of acute schistosomiasis in hilly regions.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods A total of 84 patients with OSAHS were randomly divided into a control group and an aerobic exercise group (42 in each group).The control group was given only training in the activities of daily living (ADL).The acrobic exercise group was given ADL training combined with aerobic exercise training.The regime was maintained for 16 weeks.Each patient's VO2max,maximum heart rate (HRmax),exercise time to exhaustion,6-minute walking distance and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated before and after treatment.Results VO2max,HRmax,VO2max/HRmax,maximum exercise time,6-min walking distance and QOL all increased significantly more in the aerobic exercise group compared with the control group.Conclusion Aerobic exercise training can significantly improve cardiorespiratory function in patients with OSAHS.