Aim To explore the effect of picrodideⅡ on the expressions of Caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in brain tissue following cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models were established with intraluminal thread methods in rats. PicrodideⅡ (10 mg·kg~(-1)) and salvianic acid A sodium (10 mg·kg~(-1)) were injected from tail vein for treatment. The neurological function was evaluated with Bederson's test and the cerebral infarction volume was observed with tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.The brain structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the apoptosis was counted by TUNEL immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP were detected with immunohistochemical and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results After ischemia 2 h and reperfusion 22 h, the rats showed neurological function deficit and cerebral infarction in ischemic hemisphere. The expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP and the number of apoptotic cells in brain tissue increased compared with those in the sham operative group (P <0.05). In picroside and salvianic acid A sodium groups, the Bederson's scores and cerebral infarction volume, the expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP and the number of apoptosis cells were lower than those in the negative control group (P <0.05). While there was no significant difference in five indexes metioned above between picroside group and salvianic acid A sodium group (P >0.05).Conclusion PicrosideⅡ might reduce the expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP to inhibit the neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and improve the neurological function of rats.

No abstract available.
Gastrins*

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Hydrocortisone* ; Insulin*

Objective To assess the feasibility of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonic cholangiography(3D-CEUSC) in cadaver liver.Methods The 3D-CEUSC was performed in 6 cases of cadaver liver.Image quality of 3D-CEUSC was evaluated.The visualization of branching orders,the degree of visibility and coincidence of morphous were compared with those of cholangiagraphy using fluoroscopy.Results The imaging quality of 3D-CEUSC was inferior to that of cholangiography with significant difference.The three-dimensional biliary tree structures were visualized in all 6 3D-CEUSC.The maximum visualization of branching orders in 3D-CEUSC was (3.67±0.52),which was equal to the results(4.00±0.63)by cholangiography (P=0.465).The degrees of visibility of biliary tree were equivalent with those by cholangiography in the first and second order with significant difference.The coincidence of morphous was excellent compared the images of 3D-CEUSC with direct X-ray cholangiography.Conclusion 3D-CEUSC is a new technique as a useful supplement to cholangiography in evaluation of biliary anatomy and variation before graft harvesting in LDLT.

Background Sirius system,a new Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido topography,improved the capability of imaging the anterior eye segment significantly.However,the study of assessing the repeatability and agreement between Sirius and Pentacam is still lack up to now.Objective This study was to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of the anterior ocular segment measuring parameters by Sirius and Pentacam in myopia received laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods Thirty-five myopic eyes of 35 patients received LASIK were included in School of Optometry and Ophthalmology Eye Hospital from 2010 May through 2010 July.Corneal power flat keratometry (Kf),step keratometry (Ks),mean keratometry (Km),thinnest corneal thickness(TCT),the location of TCT,anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured by Sirius and Pentacam in all the eyes,respectively.The repeatability of the measuring results were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach's coefficient alpha (CoA),and the agreement of measuring parameters between Sirius and Pentacam was analyzed using Bland-Altman plot.Results Both Sirius and Pentacam demonstrated high intraobserver repeatability,with all ICC and CoA more than 0.90.No significant differences were found in Kf values and Ks values between the two methods (t =-1.533,-1.750,P＞0.05).Km value was (39.14 ± 1.95) D by Sirius measurement,which was sígnificantly higher than (39.05 ± 1.91) D by Pentacam measurement (t =3.572,P =0.001).The TCT was (457.6 ± 40.9) μm by Sirius method,showing a significant reduce in comparison with (465.4±37.5) μm of Pentacam method (t =-6.689,P＜0.001).A positive correlation was seen in the TCT between the two methods (r=0.988,P＜0.001).The Bland-Alrman plots showed the 95％ CI-21 μm to 6 pm in the TCT value between the two devices.Pairwise comparison of the location of TCT measurements showed significant differences between the two devices (t =-4.132,-5.696,P＜0.001),with a good correlation (r=0.751,0.775) and the 95％ CI (-0.36-0.17 mm,-0.35-0.12 mm).A very good agreement was seen in ACD between the two devices (-0.02-0.12 mm),but the agreement result was not very well in the ACV between the two devices with the 95％ CI (-27.70-6.20 mm3).Conclusions Sirius and Pentacam measurements for anterior ocular segment parameters have a very good repeatability in post-LASIK eyes.In addition,good agreement results are exhibited in corneal power,TCT and ACD between Sirius and Pentacam with an acceptable maximal different value between them.Sirius and Pentacam can be used interchangeably in clinical examination.However,the two devices can not interchangeably for ACV measurement and TCT location.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of side population cells in human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD and explore its mechanism. Methods Drug sensitivity assays of 5chemotherapeutic agents were performed on side population cells (SP) and non-SP cells of GBC-SD.GBC-SD was cultured and then treated with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. The frequency of SP by FACS was measured. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of AB-CG2 in both the SP and the corresponding non-SP subsets. Results After 1 d treatment with 4 chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and mitoxantrone) in IC50 concentration to GBC-SD cell line, the reproductive ability of SP was higher than that of non-SP (P<0.05). However, statistical significance was not achieved when compared with epirubicin (P>0.05). The percentage of SP in GBC-SD treated with chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine after 3 weeks was sharply elevated by FACS (8.02% ±0.13% vs 0.62% ±0.08%, P<0.05), and the expression of ABCG2mRNA and protein were increased in SP as compared with non-SP. Conclusion SP from human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD, like stem cell, showed a heighten resistance to drugs. Increased expression of ABCG2 was largely responsible for the multi-drug resistance.

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Theexcretionofurinaryandplasmametabolitesofsalbutamolwasstudiedusingultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after a single intragastric gavaged dose administration with salbutamol. The software of Agilent MassHunter Metabolite ID was employed to find and identify the chemical structure of metabolites of salbutamol. Five metabolites from salbutamol were identified. Metabolites identified in swine urine included glucuronide conjugate salbutamol, N-oxide-salbutamol, hydroxyl-salbutamol, methoxyl-salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol. Whereas, only the parent drug, glucuronide conjugate salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol were observed in swine plasma.

Objective To analyze CMV DNA stability of 30 EDTA plasma samples in the order of magnitude between 300 and 100 000 copies/mL over a 21 day period. Methods Thirty plasma samples were grouped into three categories according to the CMV DNA loads , including low CMV DNA contents , intermediate CMV DNA loads and high CMV DNA loads. Ten milliliters of whole blood was freshly collected from each patient. Plasma samples without hemolysis were divided into 1-ml aliquots. One aliquot was processed immediately (Day 0) for baseline PCR assays. The remaining aliquots were then processed after one , two, three, seven, 14 or 21 day of storage at 4℃. Results There was no significant difference between the mean of the difference time point in viral loads following storage at 4 ℃ by paired-samples t test, including Day 1 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.654, P =0.109), Day 2 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.487, P = 0.148), Day 3 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.609, P = 0.118), Day 7 compared to Day 0 (t=0.831, P=0.413), Day 14 compared to Day 0 (t=1.721, P=0.096), and Day 21 compared to Day 0 (t=0.244, P=0.810). Conclusion The concentration of CMV DNA in all samples stored at 4 ℃ for 21 days did not differ significantly from the baseline viral load ,and it was not observed the trend in continued degradation in different time point (Day 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14).

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic radial incision( ERI) for benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with benign stricture of e?sophageal anastomosis undergoing ERI from October 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively studied. Im?provement of clinical symptom and treatment?related complication or discomfort were intensively analysed. Re?sults All 17 patients successfully received ERI procedures, and the mean operating time was 10 minutes with a mean of 4 incisions. Obvious bleeding and mis?cut of normal mucosa occurred in 1 case, and this patient was cured by endoscopic hemostasis, gastrointestinal decompression and administration of antibiotics. Heartburn oc?curred in 5 patients and disappeared spontaneously without other complications or discomfort. Dysphagia score decreased from 3?11 to 0?90 in the second day after ERI(P<0?01).The mean follow?up time was 15?5 months ( range 9?20 months) . The dysphagia score showed no significant difference between the follow?up period and the second day after ERI ( P>0?05 ) . Conclusion ERI is simple, safe and effective for treating benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis.