BACKGROUND:Buccal multiloop appliance in the clinical treatment of Class III malocclusion has good results, but also exhibits some problems and deficiencies in the application process.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical problems and corresponding solutions of buccal multiloop appliance. METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases were performed for articles related to buccal multiloop appliance published from 2000 to 2013. The key words were buccal multiloop, Class III malocclusion, clinical application in Chinese and English.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with other appliances, the buccal multiloop appliance appears to have some unique advantages. The buccal multiloop appliance with the soft elastic role cannot only promote growth and development of the maxilary, but also inhibit the excessive growth of the maxilary and trigger
mandibular functional shift, thereby achieving crossbite correction. Therefore, the buccal multiloop appliance can have good achievements in the clinical crossbite correction of the deciduous and permanent teeth. For patients with Class III malocclusion, the buccal multiloop appliance also shows good results, and the corresponding
clinical problems and deficiencies appear to be resolved one by one accordingly. So the buccal multiloop appliance is highly efficient for crossbite correction.

Orthogonal descriptors is a viable method for variable selection, but this method strongly depend on the orthogonalisation ordering of the descriptors. In this paper, we compared the different methods used for order the descriptors. It showed that better results could be achieved with the use of backward elimination ordering. We predieted Rf value of phenol and aniline derivatives by this method, and compared it with classical algorithms such as forward selection, backward elimination, and stepwise procedure. Some interesting hints were obtained.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenxiong injection on the changes of brain X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) gene expression following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and to investigate its neuroprotective effect and mechanisms. Methods One hundred forty-four male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation, saline control and Shenxiong groups. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced using the suture method. Shenxiong injection 33.3 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally during the reperfusion in the Shenxiong group. The same volume of saline was injected intraperitoneally in the saline control group. The animals were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after the reperfusion.Meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used respectively to detect the expressions of XBP1 protein and mRNA in the cerebral ischemic areas. TUNEL was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results The levels of XBP1 protein and mRNA increased after the reperfusion, and it reached the peak at 12 hours; both the numbers of apoptotic cells and neurological scores in the Shenxiong group were lower than those in the saline control group at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after the reperfusion (all P ＜0.01); the levels of XBP1 and mRNA at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the reperfusion were alsosignificantly lower than those in the saline control group (all P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Shenxiong injection may have certain inhibition on the endoplasmic reticulum stress activated XBP1 pathway induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective:To evaluate the staining of different resin artificial teeth treated by different coloring agents.Methods:1 6 teeth of each brand of Endura Anterio,Heraeus's three color synthetic resin teeth,synthetic resin teeth,Efucera-A,KaiFeng synthetic resin teeth were respectively made into test specimens.A surface roughness tester was used to measure Ra along 3 tracks on each sur-face.The specimens of the same brand were respectively immersed into coffee,tea and vinegar as the test groups and distilled water as a control for 4 weeks.The initial and further color of each specimen was measured using a colorimeter.The CIE L* a* b* values were recorded and color differences (ΔE)after immersion were calculated.Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA.Results:The color stability of the specimens in coffee and tea was significantly affected by the coloring agents(P <0.05),the higher ΔE was ob-served in coffee than in tea(P <0.05).There were no statistically evident color change in water and in vinegar(P >0.05).The ΔE values in the same coloring agent were as follows:Efucera-A,Heraeus's three color synthetic resin teeth,Endura Anterio,synthetic resin teeth and KaiFeng synthetic resin teeth (P <0.05).Conclusion:Extrinsic pigment can make resin artificial teeth stained,and the staining susceptibility of five resin artificial teeth is different.

Purpose:To study the connection between the blocking of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V(GnT-V) and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ER stress). Methods:The recombinant plasmid expressing siRNA of GnT-V was constructed and transfected into SMMC-7721. The key molecules such as GRP78,XBP1 and PERK during ER stress was analyzed in mRNA and protein levels. Results:GRP78 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated, the spliced forms of XBP1 mRNA and protein appeared and ER eIF2? kinase PERK was activated. Conclusions:These results suggest the blocking of GnT-V in SMMC-7721 induces cellular ER stress.

Objective To estimate the accuracy of MR angiography(MRA) and CT angiography(CTA) in the evaluation of the carotid artery stenosis. Methods Eleven patients were studied with MRA and CTA. The results were compared with DSA, CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE), and Doppler ultrasound (DUS). MRA was performed with 2D and 3D TOF sequences. CTA was postprocessed using MIP and SSD. CTVE was performed using navigator function . Three patients with severe stenosis received carotid endarterectomy. Results There was a total of 22 carotid arteries studied, with 8 mild, 3 moderate, 5 severe stenosis, 1 occlusion, and 5 normal. Agreement on stenosis between CTA and DSA was found in 11 of 12 carotid arteries. Agreement on stenosis between MRA and DSA was found in 9. Plaques were delineated in CTA, CTVE, and confirmed by pathology in 3 cases. Postoperative MRA and CTA proved the release of stenosis. Conclusion MRA and DUS can be used as a screening technique to evaluate carotid artery stenosis and as a convenient follow up modality for post endarterectomy. CTA has a high degree of accuracy for the assessment of carotid artery stenosis compared with DSA, and it could provide information on calcified plaque.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of the Sheng Jing Tang, one of tonyfing kidney and promoting blood circulation recipes,on female rats anovulatory due to testosterone and to study the mechanism of action of the recipe. [Methods] The rat models of anovulatory disease were established by injecting the immature female SD rat with testosterone and treated with TCM and herbs to observe estrous cycle level of sex hormone of blood and the change of pathological histology of ovary. [Results] Sheng Jing Tang could improve the level of sex hormone, contract the expanded oxarian vesicles obviously and increase the quantity of luteum. [Conclusions] Sheng Jing Tang had the effect of improving the syndromes of Polycystic Ovary, inducing ovulation and recovering the function of ovary.

Objective To study the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 in human urinary tract epithelium. Methods The epithelial cells of nephric tubule, pelvis, ureter and bladder were cultured in vitro, and their mRNA expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were measured by RT-PCR. Results The mRNA expression of TLR2 in nephric tubule, pelvis, ureter and bladder was 0.326, 0.589, 0.602 and 0.735, and that of TLR4 was 0.223, 0.327, 0.379, 0.365, respectively. The mean TLR2 mRNA copy was significantly higher than TLR4 in each tissue (P

Objective:To study the effect of processing on pharmacological actions Dipsacus asperoides and its different processed products.Methods:The analgestic effect of Dipsacus asperoides in mice was observed in hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The anti-inflammatory action was studied in mouse ear swelling test and capillary permeability test and anti-coagulation action in mice was also observed by mouse blood coagulation time test.Results:The experimental results show that all processed Products of Dipsacus asperoides can inhibit the pain and has the actions of auti-inflammation and auti-coagulation. Conclusion: The actions of its processed products with wine is the most powerful.

Objective To investigate indications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 11 patients with esophageal carcinorma from January 2005 to November 2005.The tumors were located at the upper segment in 2 patients,middle segment in 8 patients,and lower segment in 1 patient.The TNM staging results showed T_1N_0M_0 in 1 patient,T_2N_0M_0 in 2 patients,T_2N_1M_0 in 1 patient,and T_3N_0M_0 in 7 patients.Under thoracoscopy via thoracic and cervical incisions,the esophagus and tumor were disconnected and the intrathoracic lymph nodes were cleared through the right thorax.Then a median incision was made at the epigastrium.Through the incision the stomach was disconnected and intraabdominal lymph nodes were removed.Afterwards,esophagectomy and gastroesophagostomy were performed by way of the cervical incision.Results The operation time was 220~300 min(mean,265 min).The operative blood loss was 150~400 ml(mean,240 ml).The number of removed lymph nodes was 4~10(mean,6.4).The drainage tube was taken out at 2~3 days after operation,with a drainage volume of 200~500 ml(mean,350 ml).One patient developed a temporary left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy that disappeared at 3 months after operation.Follow-up checkups for 4~15 months(mean,8 months) in the 11 patients showed no recurrence or metastasis of tumor.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be adopted in patients with esophageal carcinoma at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ,