Aim: To prepare chitosan nanoparticlescarrying gene and study its characteristics in vitro and in vivo.Methods:12-ACSs was dissolved in 0.05mol/L sodium acetate buffer to form a solution of 1mg/ml and a DNA(plasmid-encoding antisense ECE ) solution of 0.1mg/ml was dissolved in 25mmol/L Na2SO4.The charge ratio of components is selected as 2/1 for 12-ACSs /DNA complex.The complex was prepared by mixing 12-ACSs solution with DNA solution prior to observation by using transmission electron microscopy.Using Electrophoretic Retardation of DNA Migration detection,DNA precipitation,Binding Equilibration and DNase Resistivity Assay,the formation of 12-ACSs /DNA complex was determined and its stability was simultaneously evaluated.MTT Cell Proliferation Assays was performed on investigation of the cytotoxicity of 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE).The transfection efficiency of 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo was investigated in 16HBE cells and Balb/c mice.Results: 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles (100~150nm) were observed by transmission electron microscopy.12-ACSs can protect the plasmid encoding antisence-ECE from degradation by DNase I.12-ACSs can transfer plasmid-encoding antisense ECE into 16HBE cells and into the airway epithelium in mice.As shown by fluorescent microscopy,green fluorescent protein reporter can be observed in the transfected cells as well as in the airway epithelium of the treated mice.And it showed a lower cell cytotocixity in cultured 16HBE cells and in mice treated with12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles.Conclusion: In summery,the chitosan can be used as an effective protectant for DNA as well as an enhancer for in vitro gene transfection.

Objective To summarize the experience of HIV/AIDS preventive interventions among out-of-school teenagers and provide scientific evidence for the development of large-scale interventions in the future. Method Using both non-random snowball and cluster sampling approach,a total of 5,000 participants were selected from 7 provinces (9 provincial sites ) and a cross-sectional survey was conducted by employing a semi-open-ended self-administrative interview schedule to evaluate their behavioral change before and after the interventions. Results The rate of HIV related knowledge and condom use increased significantly among the participants. For instance,the rate of condom use when having sex at the last time increased by 34.86%,i.e. from 27.67% at the baseline to 59.88% after the intervention (?2=34,86,P

To assess the indication, intraoperative monitoring with selective shunting and surgical outcomes of carotid endarterectomy for patients with contralateral carotid occlusion, the clinical manifestations, imaging data, surgical methods and results of 16 patients were analysed retrospectively. It was verified that the surgical risk of these patients was not as high as prediction,satisfactory results coold be achieved with intraoperative monitoring, selective shunting and skilled surgical techniques. It is reasonable to offer the following typical treatment examples: Carotid endarterectomy should be performed for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis irrespective of the contralateral carotid occlusion, while medical therapy should be maintained for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and contralateral carotid occlusion. maintained. If the asymptomatic stenosis is found to be progressing in noninvasive testing, then a prophylactic endarterectomy should be considered.

Exposure of the distal internal carotid artery is very important and difficult in carotid endarterectomy for patients with high bifurcations or extension of the atherosclerotic plaque into the distal internal carotid artery. Exposure techniques are introduced based on the surgical experiences of 28 cases.

Objective To study the adverse effect of mercury on the tibial nerves of rats. Methods Seventy SD rats (35 females, 35 males, weighed 160-200 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups. 40 rats in group 1 were used to test the acute toxicity of HgCl2, 10 rats in group 2 were given HgCl2 by gavage at 17 mg/kg(1/4 LD50) daily, in group 3 the dose was 8.5 mg/kg(1/8 LD50), 10 rats in group 4 were treated with 0.9% saline 2 ml by gavage daily, the experimental duration was (20?4) days. When the model had been developed, all the male rats were killed and the female rats in group 2 and 3 were given the chelator(DMPS) by intraperitoneal injection at 28 mg/kg for 2 periods of treatment, then were killed and the tibial nerves were examined with the electronic microscope. Results The oral LD50 of HgCl2 was 68.1 mg/kg. Seven rats in group 2 (7/10) were poisoned and two of them got pain manifestation. Six rats in group 3(6/10) were poisoned. Myelinoclasis and the changed axons were found in the tibial nerves of poisoned rats and it was more serious in the rats with pain. The chelator(DMPS) did not relieve the change. Conclusion Sub-acute poisoning of HgCl2 can induce degeneration of tibial nerves in SD rats .

Objective To understand whether passive-smoking during pregnancy is related to the level of intrauterine lead exposure and the development of auditory. Methods 105 pregnant women and their newborn who met the requirement of the investigation through questionnaire were divided into the control group and the exposure group (including heavy group and slight group).The umbilical cord blood lead level was used to assess the intrauterine exposure of fetus, the 3rd-day positive rate of otoacoustic emission (OAE) was used as the indicator of the damage rate of auditory. Results The geometrics mean of the umbilical cord blood lead level and the positive rate of OAE were significantly higher in the research groups (33.88 ?g/L and 31.88%) compared with the control group (21.38 ?g/L and 11.11%). A positive correlation existed between the blood lead level of the mother and that of the newborn. Conclusion Passive smoking in pregnancy can increase the umbilical cord blood lead level and have an adverse effect on the auditory development of newborn.The blood lead level of pregnant women can be used as an indicator of intrauterine lead exposure of fetus.

[Objective]To explore the clinic results of the locking compression plate fixation for the acetabular fractures.[Method]Twenty-three patients were treated in the author's department, 16 of them were male and 7 were female patients.The ages ranged from 21 to 61 years, and mean age was 43.3 years.Ninteen patients had been injured in an automobile accident,3 were fell from height and 1 was crushed by a heavy object. The patients were classified according to Letournel classification.There were 7 anterior column fractures,3 posterior wall fractures,5 anterior wall fractures,2 transverse fractures,1 anterior column and posterior column fracture,1 T shape fracture, 3 posterior wall and posterior column fractures,1 transverse and posterior wall fracture.[Result]All the incisions healed during the primary procedure and all the patients were available at follow-up ranging from 3 to 24 months(average 20.1 months).The average intraoperation time was 123 minutes(50～235 minutes),and the intraoperative blood loss was 100 to 1500 ml.The patinents underwent blood transfusion from 0 ml to 1 200 ml.According to Matt's criteria, the rate of excellent and good was 73.9%(17/23).[Conclusion]The locking compression plate fixation is one of the effective methods for treatment of acetabular fractures, with the advantages of being simple and minimally traumatic.

Objective To assess the feasibility of using plethysmographic waveform variation for estimating the blood volume.Methods After general anesthesia,tracheal intubation and 750ml liquid infusion,the systolic pressure variation(SPV),dDown(delta down),dUp(delta up),SPV plet,dDown plet,dUp plet,cardiac output and other hemodynamic parameters were recorded as control.Then,300ml of blood were drained quickly from radial artery into reservoir bag,and replaced with equal volume Gelofusine.The parameters were recorded again after blood drainage and volume replacement respectively.Results The changes in plethysmographic waveform correlated well with changes in arterial dDown(r==0804 ,P=0005)after acute loss of 300ml blood and dDown and dDown pletincreased from(459?294)mm Hg and (1024?532)% to (700?336)mm Hg and (1611?744)% respectively.Moreover,dDown,SPV plet and dDown pletvaried significantly(P

Objective To explore the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on renal expression of TGFβ1,Smad3 and Smad7.Methods 40 Sprague-Dawley mts were randomized into 4 groups:normal control rats (group A),diabetic nephropathy group (group B),small dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment group (0.5 μg · kg-1 · d-1,group C) and large dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment group (1 μg · kg-1 · d-1,group D),each group had 10 rats.After 12 weeks,the renal function,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and the urine trace albumin content of each rats were tested.Results The biochemical indicators in group B were higher than those in group A,(t =-16.566,P ＜0.05;t =-16.949,P ＜0.05;t =-11.844,P ＜0.05;t =-19.778,P ＜0.05;t =-14.013,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the biochemical indicators and the expression of TGFβ1,Smad3 mRNA reduced in group C and group D,and the expression of Smad7 mRNA increased (F =37.892,P ＜ 0.05;F =70.068,P ＜ 0.05;F =21.95,P ＜0.05;F =77.619,P ＜0.05;F =37.670,P ＜0.05;F =1062.562,P ＜0.05;F =2463.789,P ＜0.05;F =81.745,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between group C and group D (t =0.538,P＞0.05;t =1.737,P＞0.05;t =0.671,P＞0.05;t =1.763,P ＞0.05;t =0.997,P ＞0.05;t =1.653,P ＞0.05;t=1.543,P＞0.05;t =-1.313,P ＞0.05).Conclusion 1,25-dihydroxyvitamnin D3 has protective effect on diabetic nephropathy rats model,the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the expression of TGF β1 and Smad3,increasing the expression of Smad7.