Recently,researchers have paid attention to the relationship between gut microbiota and human health and attempted to investigate the effect of gut microbiota on radiation injury.More and more evidence showed that normal gut microbiota could maintain human health through Toll-like receptors,immune system and inflammatory reaction.Improvements of gut microbiota spectrum and its balance have become an effective strategy for the treatment of certain diseases.This paper reviewed the relationship between gut microbiota and radiation injury and underlying mechanisms,in order to provide novel theoretical evidence and guideline for the therapy of radiation enteritis and other diseases.

Aged ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Liver Failure, Acute ; etiology ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma ; complications ; immunology

Objective To discuss the distribution of coagulation markers in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the correlation of these markers with the prognosis of the patients, the TCM syndrome and the long-term thrombotic events. Method Hospitalized NSCLC patients were selected for retrospective investigation and the coagulation markers data were analyzed with SPSS13.0. Result There were 10 cases (38.5%) and eight cases (30.8%) with one or more abnormal coagulation markers in the non-advanced NSCLC group, while there were 95 cases (71.4%) and 77 cases (57.9%) in the advanced NSCLC group. There were significant difference between the two groups (P

OBJECTIVE To explore the predictive value of human telomerase RNA gene component(hTERC) gene amplification and high-risk human papilomavirus(HR-HPV) testing in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) as a marker for early diagnosis of cervix carcinoma.METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to detect the amplification of hTERC of cervical epithelial cells in 72 cases.By using hybrid capture 2(HC-2),two types of the HR-HPV DNA(HPV16/18) of each case were detected.Then,the results were compared with the pathologic diagnosis.The dual-color probe we used was GLP TERC/CSP 3.HeLa cells and lymphocytes from normal marrow were the positive control,while the cervical specimens from healthy outpatients were the negative control.RESULTS hTERC Gene amplification of specimens was tested in 72 cases,the positive amplification rate of hTERC gene in the cervicitis/CINⅠgroup and normal,compared to the cervical carcinomas(100%) and CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ(68.75%),which showed a significant difference.The rates in CINⅡ and CINⅢ were 60.00% and 83.33%,respectively,which showed a significant difference compared with normal and CINⅠ/inflammation groups.hTERC gene amplification was positive in both HeLa cells and lymphocytes from normal marrow and HC-2 testing was positive in 32 cases of patients containing 11 cases of CINⅡ/Ⅲ,3 cases of cervical cancer,18 cases of cervicitis/CIN1 diagnosed.The positive predictive value(PPV) and specificity(Sp) of hTERC for the high-grade CIN was significantly higher than the PPV and Sp of HC-2 HR-HPV testing.CONCLUSIONS hTERC Gene involves in the progression and occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous carcinoma.As a marker for early diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous carcinoma,the FISH method for hTERC gene is more reliable to differentiate the malignant diseases from the benign ones in cervixes than HC-2 HR-HPV DNA testing.The combined detection of HR-HPV and hTERC gene will provide more effective and suitable management to enhance the early diagnosis rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous carcinoma.

Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Objective To investigate the advantage of the intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) by allowing dose heterogeneity in the target volume in esophageal cancer treatment planning.Methods Two sets of 5-field IMRT planning were designed for 10 esophageal cancer patients upon the condition of appropriate clinical tolerance level with the prescription dose of 60 Gy to 95% of the planned target volume (PTV) and the maximum dose of 45 Gy to the spinal cord:the IMRT with rigid restriction of the maximum homogeneous dose to the PTV within 63 Gy prescribing a homogeneous dose ( IMRThom ) and the IMRT allowing dose heterogeneity by loosening the constraints on maximum dose in the PTV to 69 Gy ( IMRTinhom ).Dosimetric comparison was conducted by using dose-volume histograms.Results Compared to IMRThom, the minimum dose (t = -3.37,P =0.012), maximum dose (t = - 23.58,P = 0.000), mean dose ( t = - 4.95, P = 0.002 ), and heterogeneity index ( t = - 11.06, P =0.000) in PTV of the IMRTinhom were all significantly increased, and the values of V5 (t = 6.96, P =0.000), V10(t=5.24,P=0.001) , V15(t=4.73,P=0.002) , V20(t=8.08,P=0.000) , V25(t=8.58,P = 0.000), and mean dose (t = 7.28,P = 0.000) of the normal lungs were all significantly lower.There were no significant differences in all the indexes for the mean dose to the heart and maximum dose to the spinal cord between these 2 set of planning.Conclusions The IMRT plan allowing dose heterogeneity in the PTV escalates the prescription dose and decreases the doses to the lungs.

BACKGROUND: Rejection is the main cause of the failure in small bowel transplant. Chemotatic factor RANTES and receptor mediated cellular immunity are very important in acute rejection.OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunosuppressive effect of early adopting chemokine receptor antagonist, Met-RANTES after small bowel transplant on acute allograft rejection and its coordinative effect with Tacrolimus (FK506).DESIGN: Randomized complete-block design, controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of General Surgery, the 451 Hospital of Chinese PLA; Laboratory of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA; Electronic Microscope Center, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2003 to March 2005. Totally 192 animals including 96 SD rats (donors) and 96 Wistar rats (recipients) were involved in this study. Heterotopic segmental small bowel transplantation was performed.METHODS: The transplant rats were divided into 4 groups averagely by the randomized complete block design: control group (allogeneic small bowel transplant untreated group), Met-RANTES group(200 μg/d, 0-7 days, i.p.), FK506 group [0.5 mg/(kg·d) ,0-7 days,i.p.], Met-RANTES + FK506 group [Met-RANTES, 200 μg/d,0-7 days,i.p.+ FK506 0.5 mg/(kg ·d),0-7 days, i.p.]. Rats in the latter 3 groups were intraperitoneally administrated after transplant within 7 days successively.Rats in the control group were not given any treatments before and after transplant. Postoperatively, gross status,survival time and immunocyte infiltration were observed. Pathological examination was conducted in 6 rats of each group on postoperative days 3, 5 and 7. Fluorescent staining and successive quantitative measurement were conducted to detect the expressions of intragraft RANTES, CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ T lymphocyte. Survival duration of the rest 6 rats of each group was observed for 5 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Survival time of rats in each group following transplant. ② Pathological changes of small bowel intragraft of rats in each group. ③ RANTES and T lymphocyte expressions of rats in each group.RESULTS: Following transplantation, 96 Wistar rats (recipient) were all involved in the final analysis. ①Compared with control group, the survival time of rats in Met-RANTES group, FK506 group, Met-RANTES + FK506 group was significantly longer (P ＜ 0.01). In addition, rats in Met-RANTES + FK506 group survived the longest. There were significant differences in survival rate as compared with Met-RANTES group and FK506 group (P ＜ 0.01). ②All rats in the control group died of acute rejection and infection. Histopathologic examination showed mild, moderate and severe rejection on the postoperative days 3,5 and 7, respectively. No obvious rejection was found in the rats in the Met-RANTES group, FK56 group and Met-RANTES+FK506 group on the postoperative days 3,5 and 7. ③Postoperatively, intragraft RANTES expression of rats was significantly higher in each time period in control group than in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.01), and its dynamic change was positively correlated with the process of acute rejection; The expression of intragraft RANTES, CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ T lymphocytes of rats was significantly lower, respectively, in the Met-RANTES group and Met-RANTES+FK56 group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Met-RANTES may obviously suppress acute allograft rejection in small bowel transplant, effectively protect the function of grafts, and significantly prolong the survival time of the recipients. In addition, Met-RANTES may enhance the immunosuppressive function of small dose of FK506[0.5 mg/(kg · d)].

Objective To study the effect of various methods determining lung volume and fraction dose on the lung dose-volume parameters for lung cancer patients. Methods Twenty patients with lung cancer were rantdomly enrolled into our study and the plan of three dimensional eonformal radiation therapy(3DCRT)was designed by Varian Eclipse TPS.The lung volumes and the dose-volume parameters were measured under CT value of-300- -980, -400- -980 and -500- -980.Under CT value of -400- -980,total lung volumes were confirmed.The dose-volume parameters of V30,V20,V10 and mean lung dose(MLD)were reevaluated after GTV,CTV and PTV were subtracted from the total lung volumes and when the fraction dose was elevated from 2.0 Gy to 10.0 Gy. Results When the CT value ranged from-300--980 to-500--980,the median reduction of the total lung volumes(-9.10%)was significantly higher than that of V30,V20,V10 and MLD(-3.18%,-1.13%,0.82%and-0.79%,respectively).When the total lung volume was fixed at CT value of-400--980,the alterations of V30,V20,V10 and MLD became more apparent as the increase of the subtracted lung volume,among which the alteration of V30 was most significant while V10 the least.Among five cases with a fixed total dose of 60 Gy and PTV less than 140 cm3,the V30,V20,V10 and MLD were increased to a similar extent(about 40%)when the fraction dose was increased from 2.0 Gy to 10.0 Gy.MLD was increased(36%)when the fraction dose was above 6.0 Gy. Conclusions When CT value ranges from-300- -980 to-500- -980,the total lung volume is influenced most.The alteration of V30,being statistically significant,might have some significance but is not enough to determine the plan of radiotherapy clinically.The alteration of V20、V10 and MLD is not statistically significant.When the overlapped target volume is subtracted from the total lung volumes,the alteration of V30 is the most sign:tifhcant while V10 the least.The fraction dose,being the most consuming factor(＞10%)when comparing with the CT valHe and targeted volume,can significantly influence the dose-volume parameter.

Objective To explore a better method to diagnose the brachial plexus injury as pre-or post-ganglionic,which is quick,simple,quantitative,cheap and accurate.Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided randomly ino pre-or post-ganglionic brachial plexus injury models group,and the choline acetyl- transferase(CHAT)activity was detected by using the radioisotope after different days.Results The ChAT activity of two groups both fall day by day:in the pre-agnglionic group,it falls quickly,and reach 1/10 of nor- mal(675?258)cpm;in the post-ganglionic group,it falls slowly,and reach 1/2 of normal even after 90 days (4906?1119)cpm.Conclusion Intra-operative measure of ChAT can be used to differentiate pre-or post- ganglionic brachial plexus injury.

Objective To explore treatment of bile duct variation in Laparoscopic Cholecystectom.Methods The author retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 cases with bile duct variation in 2 000 patients performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.Among the 7 cases,2 cases had small hepatic duct openings in the gallbladder bed;2 cases had cystic duct openings in the right hepatic duct;2 cases had accessory right hepatic duct;and one case had rare variation whose right hepatic bile duct and the jejunum connect together.2 cases of the first variation had no bile leakage,adopting the suture method in LC.Among 2 cases of the second variation(all found in LC),one case had bile spillage in the junction of the cystic duct and the right hepatic duct,so the operator converses to laparotomy,cuts the gallbladder,sutures the break,and the patient had no bile leakage at last;The other one case was anatomized clearly under the cavity mirror.Among 2 cases of the third variation,one had no bile leakage,whose accessory hepatic duct was ligated in LC.The other one case had bile leakage after LC,so the operator converses to laparotomy,clips the accessory hepatic duct,and extract the drainage tube until there was no bile drainage.The last case was mistaken and cut it,the next day biliary peritonitis appeared,so the bile leakage was sewed up under the laparoscope.Results The seven cases were followed 1 ~3 years,they had no jaundice and their liver function was normal.Conclusion Careful-ly dissect Calot's triangle in LC,observe bile leakage after LC;improve the level of understanding and dealing bile duct variation in LC,don't cut the duct which is known to us.We should treat differently according to particular case.