Cancers of the digestive system account for a large portion of malignant tumors in humans,and the trend is on the rise.The formation of neovascularization is the dominant factor in the metastasis of tumors.The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is well documented as the most potent inducer of angiogenesis.It promotes the formation of new blood vessels in several aspects,such as proliferation of endothelial cells,endothelial cell migration and increased vascular permeability.So VEGF is regarded as an important factor in the development of digestive system tumors.The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship between VEGF and digestive system tumors.

Objective To investigate changes of metabolic syndrome (MS ) in patients with adrenocortical adenoma (ACA ). Methods Sixty‐five patients with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) ,43 patients with cortisol‐secreting adenoma (CSA) and 24 patients with nonfunctional adrenal adenoma (NAA) were evaluated. Body Mass Index (BMI) ,blood pressure ,plasma lipid ,fasting and 2 h postprandial plasma glucose ,plasma and urinary aldosterone ,plasma potassium ,basic and upright plasma renin activity (PRA ) ,plasma and urinary cortisol ,plasma ACTH and plasma potassium ACA were examined and compared with those from 53 patients of essential hypertension (EH ) and 58 controls. Adrenalectomy was performed for all the patients with adrenocortical adenoma. The data after operation were compared with those before operation. Results (1) The prevalence of MS was 38.5% ,41.9% , 20.8% ,24.5% and 17.5% in the groups respectively. The prevalence of obesity/overweight was higher in CSA group than in the other groups. There were 44.6% patients with hyperglycemia in APA group ,and 48.8% in CSA group. The prevalence of hypertension was the highest in APA and EH group ,followed by CSA group ,NAA and control groups. There were 55.4% patients with lipid disturbance in APA group , and 46.5% in CSA group. (2 ) We divided all APA and CSA patients into groups with or without MS. The APA patients with MS had higher plasma aldosterone than those without MS. The CSA patients with MS had higher 08 :00 and 24 :00 plasma cortisol than those without MS. (3) After operation ,the plasma and urinary aldosterone were decreased and the plasma potassium was increased in APA patients. The 08 :00 ,24 :00 plasma cortisol and urinary cortisol were decreased and the 08 :00 plasma ACTH was increased in CSA patients. There were no significant differences in hormonal measurements of NAA patients before and after operation. (4 ) The prevalence of MS was 27.7% ,27.9% and 29.2% in three groups after operation. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were decreased in APA patients after operation ,and the systolic blood pressure decreased in CSA patients. There was no significant difference in MS measurements of NAA patients before and after operation. Conclusions Our study indicates that patients with functional adrenocortical adenoma have a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome which is related to over secretion of adrenal cortex hormone. After operation ,accompanying normalization of hormonal secretion ,the condition of MS in functional adrenocortical adenoma patients is improved.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Supratentorial Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the changes in cathepsin B (CatB) expression in acutely photodamaged human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and their significance.Methods HDFs were isolated from the foreskin of children,and subjected to primary culture and subculture.The fourth-to eighth-passage HDFs were used in the following experiment.HDFs were divided into two groups to receive irradiation with different doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) for different durations (acutely photodamaged group) or remain unirradiated (control group).Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferative activity of HDFs after irradiation with UVA at 5,10,15,20 and 25 J/cm2 respectively.Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were performed to measure the protein and mRNA expressions of CatB respectively in HDFs at 24,48 and 72 hours after exposure to UVA at 10 J/cm2,and at 48 hours after exposure to UVA at 10,15,20 and 25 J/cm2.Statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) test using the SPSS 13.0 software.Results UVA radiation induced a decrease in the proliferative activity of HDFs.When the dose of UVA was ≤ 10 J/cm2,the survival rate of HDFs maintained higher than 85％,and significant differences were observed in cell survival rate between unirradiated and irradiated HDFs at 24,48 and 72 hours (all P ＜ 0.05).Western blot showed that the gray value of CatB protein in the acutely photodamaged group irradiated with 10 J/cm2 UVA was significantly higher than that in the control group at 24 hours (0.76 ± 0.14 vs.0.35 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05),48 hours (1.34 ± 0.38 vs.0.45 ± 0.12,P＜ 0.05) and 72 hours (0.82 ± 0.09 vs.0.61 ± 0.06,P＜ 0.05).Increased mRNA expressions of CatB were also observed in the acutely photodamaged group compared with the control group at 24 hours (0.149 ± 0.009 vs.0.089 ± 0.015,P ＜ 0.05),48 hous (0.173 ± 0.009 vs.0.091 ± 0.010,P ＜ 0.05) and 72 hours (0.185 ± 0.158 vs.0.111 ± 0.017,P ＜ 0.05) after UVA radiation at 10 J/cm2.The gray value of CatB protein was 0.99 ± 0.07,1.49 ± 0.14,1.89 ± 0.08,2.07 ± 0.06 in HDFs at 48 hours after exposure to UVA of 10,15,20 and 25 J/cm2,respectively,significantly higher than that in the control group (0.60 ± 0.05,all P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the mRNA expression of CatB was up-regulated in HDFs at 48 hours after UVA radiation at 10,15,20 and 25 J/cm2 compared with the unirradiated HDFs.Conclusion The protein and mRNA expressions of CatB are up-regulated in acutely photodamaged HDFs induced by UVA radiation.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Fufang Xiongdan Yinchen Granule. Methods TLC was employed to identify Pulvis ellis urs, Capillary Wormwood Herbin, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix, and HPLC was used to determine the content of sodium tauroursodeoxycholic acid in Fufang Xiongdan Yinchen Granule. Kromail 100-5 C18 column (4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) in an oven at 25 ℃ was need, with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.03 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (60∶40, pH=4.4) and UV detector at 210 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results Pulvis ellis urs, Capillary Wormwood Herbin, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix can be detected by TLC. The linearity of sodium tauroursodeoxycholic acid was obtained in the range of 0.182 1-1.821 mg (r=0.999 98). The average recovery was 100.39%, and RSD was 1.70% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, specific, and can control the quality of Fufang Xiongdan Yinchen Granule effectively.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between college freshman adaptation and adverse childhood events,and to explore the mediating role of personality characteristics.Methods:A sample of 523 college freshmen from a key university in Sichuan Province was assessed with the China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS),Adverse Childhood Events Questionnaire (ACEQ) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised,Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC).Results:The rate of adverse childhood events of college freshmen was 87％ in current study.The total scores of adaptation were negatively correlated with the scores of adverse childhood events influence and neuroticism (r ＝-0.13,-0.51,Ps ＜ 0.01),while positively correlated with introversion-extroversion and lie (r ＝ 0.47,0.25,Ps ＜ 0.01).The scores of adverse childhood events influence were negatively correlated with scores of introversion-extroversion (r ＝-0.08,P ＜0.05) and lie (r ＝-0.12,P ＜0.01),while positively correlated with scores of neuroticism (r ＝ 0.17,P ＜ 0.01).Introversion-extroversion and neuroticism mediated the relationship between adverse childhood events influence and college freshman adaptation,the mediating effects were 51.65％ and 58.10％.Conclusion:College freshman adaptation may be closely associated with adverse childhood events influence and personality characteristics.Personality characteristics may play a mediating role between adverse childhood events influence and adaptation in college freshman.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial Doppler(TCD) spectrum analysis techniques cannot measure the diameters of blood vessels and therefore and not be used to calculate the changes of brain blood flow. A formula was designed for regional cerebral blood flow loss index(rCBFLI) following arteriostenosis when arteriostenosis index formula was deduced; the former may provide a reference to assess cerebral function.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the formula of cerebral blood flow loss ratio obtained basing on TCD results.DESIGN: Retrospective controlled study based on patients with cerebral middle arteriostenosis diagnosed with TCD and healthy people.SETTING: At the departments of neurology in a university hospital and in a military medical university affiliated hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Between October 1994 and December 2000,43 patients who were confirmed of arteriostenosis with TCD at outpatient or neurological ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled into this study,and their TCD results were compared with 908 normal controls between March 1992 and September 2000.METHODS: Stenosis index (STI) formula was deduced from TCD results of 31unilateral and 12 bilateral stenoses at middle cerebral artery(MCA) . STI = 1- [ normal average blood velocity (Vm0) ÷ average blood velocity at stenosisSince(PI1 ÷PI0) may be equal to [post-stenosis blood flow(Q1) ÷ normal blood flow(Q0)],regional cerebral blood flow loss index is concluded as:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: rCBFLI,relationship between STI and Vm,as well as between rCBFLI and STI.RESULTS: rCBFLI formula was used to calculate the rCBFLI of 31 patients following unilateral MCA stenosis. rCBFLI of these 31 patients was obtained by Pearson statistical analysis. STI was found to be related to the average blood velocity at stenosis with relative coefficient(Vm) of(r) =0.76( P ＜ 0. 001 )and r = 0. 83 ( P ＜ 0. 001 ) . rCBFLI was proved to be correlated with Vm and STI with r = 0. 76( P ＜ 0. 01 ) and r = 0. 81 in 55 side MCA stenoses,and the difference was of statistical significance( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: rCBFLI can be used to assess the decrement of regional brain blood flow due to the stenosis of supplying artery; also,it can be used to observe the changes of brain hemodynamics if combined with STI.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol,named longandiol(1).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.

Objective To observe the efficacy of oxycodone or fentanyl combined with flurbi-profen esters (FA)for postoperative analgesic after thoracic surgery.Methods Eighty patients,53 males and 24 females,aged 40-65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,undergoing elective thoracotomy surgery,randomly divided into two groups (n =40 each).Oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg (group O)or fenta-nyl 1 μg/kg (group F)were intravenously injected 1 5 minutes before the end of surgery.Each patient was given PCIA,with solution including oxycodone 0.8 mg/kg plus FA 4 mg/kg plus ondansetron 8 mg plus 0.9% NaCl (1 50 ml)in group O and fentanyl 8 μg/kg plus FA 4 mg/kg plus ondansetron 8 mg plus 0.9% NaCl (1 50 ml)in group F.The coughing and resting visual analogue scale (VAS), Ramsay score at 2,6,12,24,36 and 48 hours after operation,complications,the times of patient controlled pressing and requirement for rescue analgesic were evaluated.Results Compared with group F, the resting and coughing VAS at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after operation, requirement for rescue analgesic,the incidence of nausea and vomiting and the times of patient con-trolled pressing were significantly lower in group O (P <0.05).There was no significantly difference in the Ramsay score.Conclusion It is effective that the patients undergoing thoracic surgery used the PCIA of oxycodone combined FA to control the postoperative pain, and analgesic effect more excellent than fentanyl combined FA,and with fewer side effects.