Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is one of the extrapulmonary complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae infectiontion children.The clinical diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is difficult, so it is necessary to make stratified diagnosis based on the diagnosis of encephalopathy and the reliability of pathogen detection evidence.In addition to considering whether antibiotics are sensitive to mycoplasma pneumoniae, the selection of antibiotics should also consider the tissue penetration of antibiotics and the safety of children′s medication.These problems may lead to the delay in diagnosis as well as treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis in children and affect the prognosis of children.This paper intended to introduce and summarize the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis and the selection principles and characteristics of main antibiotics for mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis, hoping to be helpful to clinicians.

Aim The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of capsule A(Maiwei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China) and capsule B (Xianjing Pharmaceu-tical, Hunan, China) were studied. Methods A single oral dose of 600 mg gemfibrozilof these two kinds of capsules was given to 12 chinese healthy male volunteers in anopen, randomized crossover study. Plasma levels were determined with HPLC-UVmethod. Results The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 1-compartmentopen model with a first order and lag time absorption and the major pharmacokineticparameters of capsules A and B were shown respectively as following: C max(32. 69?5. 67 )and (29. 41?2. 60) mg?L-1; Tmax (1. 01?0. 14) and (1. 13?0. 37) h, t1/2ka(0. 46 ? 0. 18) and (0. 62 ? 0. 20) h; C max (1. 11 ? 0. 32) and (1. 32 ? 0. 26) h; MRT(2. 14 ? 0.27) and (2. 37 ? 0.26) h; AUC (91.7 ? 13.2) and (82.2 ? 7. 38) mg?h? L-1. There were no significantly differences between the pharmacokinetic parame-ters of capsule A and B. The relative bioavailability of the capsule A was (110 ? 9) % ascompared to the capsule B. Conclusion The two kinds of capsules have the equivalentbiological effects.

Child ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the role of the expression of protein kinase Cγ and Cα in spinal dorsal horn in the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5)'s participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats in which the intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): control group (group C), morphine tolerance group (group M), antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus morphine group (group ANT) and mismatch ODN plus morphine group (group MIS). Rats in group M received 0.9% normal saline (NS) 5 μl twice a day for 8 days, and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group ANT and MIS received IT antisense and mismatch ODN 30 nmol (in 0.9% NS 5 μl) twice a day for 8 days respectively and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group C received NS instead twice a day for 8 days. Paw-withdrawl threshold (PWT) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was measured at 6, 7 and 8 days after ODN injection (T1-3). The animals were killed on 9th day (T4) and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of mGluR5, PKCα and PKCγ mRNA (by RT-PCR), PKCαand PKCγ ( by Western blot). Results PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T1.2in group M and MIS and at T1.3 in group ANT, the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ was significantly higher at T4 in group M and MIS, and mGluR5 mRNA expression was significantly lower at T4 in group ANT than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05). PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T2.3, while the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ lower at T4 in group ANT than in group M ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn plays an important role in the mGluR5's participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropeietin(rh-EPO)on Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal rats and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of rh-EPO.Methods Ninety 7 day old male SD rats weighing 12-18 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30 each):group Ⅰ sham operation(S);group Ⅱ hypoxia-ischemia group(HI)and group Ⅲ rh-EPO.The animals were anesthetized with ether.Left common carotid artery was ligated with 4-0 silk and 3 days later the animals were placed in a 2 L airtisht vessel filled with 8%O2-92%N2 at 2-3 L/min for 2 h in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.rh-EPO 3 000 IU/kg in 4 ml/kg normal saline(NS)was administered intraperitoneally after induction of hypoxia-ischemia(HI)in group Ⅲ while in group Ⅱ NS 4 ml/kg was given IP instead.Six animals in each group were killed at 6,12,24,48 and 72 h(T1-5)respectively after IP NS or rh-EPO.Their brains were removed for determination of Bid mRNA expression(by RT-PCR)and caspase-3 activity(by colorimetric method).Results The expression of Bid mRNA was up-regulated and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in the brain at T1-5 in HIBD group(group Ⅱ)as compared with sham operation group.rh-EPO administration significantly reduced the increase in Bid mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity in the brain induced by hypoxia-ischemia.The expression of Bid mRNA was positively correlated with the caspase-3 activity.Conclusion rh-EPO has protective effects on the brain against hypoxia and ischemia by decreasing the expression of Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain.

0.05).At the eighth week of training and after ceasing the cognitive training for 4 weeks the NCSE scores and the FIM scores were improved in both groups,espeeially in the cognitive training group(P

Animals ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Air ; Animals ; Diving ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Spleen ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of three different placental preparations in the treatment of childhood vitiligo.MethodsEighty-two children with vitiligo were divided into 3 groups to be topically treated with melagenine,human placental tissue fluid and human placental lipopolysaccharide respectively.All the patients were additionally treated with infrared rays for 20 minutes twice daily.The drugs were topically applied with an interval of 5 minutes during the irradiation.ResultsThe response rate was 75.65％,35.00％ and 44.44％ respectively in the melagenine-,human placental tissue fluid- and human placental lipopolysaccharide-treated patients,and significant differences were observed between the three groups of patients(all P ＜ 0.05).In particular,melagenine was superior to the other two preparations for the treatment of large areas of vitiligo on the scalp.ConclusionThe 3 placental preparations combined with infrared irradiation show favorable efficacy for the treatment of childhood vitiligo.

Objective To observe the intervention effect of electro-acupuncture(EA) on mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) expression in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) newborn rats. Methods Seven-day-old SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups, namely sham-surgery group, HIE model group, and EA group. All of the groups were subdivided into 4 subgroups in terms of 4 time periods of 1, 3, 7 and 21 day(s). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the observation of histological changes in the affected cerebral region. Expression levels of cerebral mTOR were detected with Western blotting method. Results The results of HE staining showed that EA group at experimental day 21 had clear organizational structure, ordered arrangement of neurons, relieved cellular swelling, well cell integrity with clear nucleolus and proliferative glial cells. Compared with the sham-surgery group, mTOR level of the model group was dramatically increased on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 21st day(P<0.05), and the mTOR expression level of EA group was significantly higher than that in the model group at the above time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion EA can promote mTOR expression in brain tissue and can protect the brain of newborn rats from HIE.