Pathological myopic macular retinoschisis can be classified into 4 types based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images: outer layer retinoschisis, outer + middle layer retinoschisis, outer + inner layer retinoschisis and muhilayer retinoschisis. Currently vitrectomy is the major option to treat this condition as it can remove the posterior vitreous cortex completely and peel the internal limiting membrane (ILM) around the posterior vessels arch. Vitrectomy benefits the visual function significantly for outer layer retinoschisis with foveal detachment, but has no or very little effects on muhilayer retinoschisis. The appropriate starting site for removal of posterior cortex and ILM should be the site without inner layer retinoschisis. The knowledge and understanding of the OCT classification of pathological myopic macular retinoschisis is important for us to chose correct operation methods and determine the prognosis after treatment.

Pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) is the last guarantee for children whose lives were threatened.Brain injury are accompanied in many patients,in which ones dying or surviving were associated with whether their cerebral function would be recovered.Closely monitoring the brain function,especially the metabolic balance of cerebral oxygenation to detect cerebral hypoperfusion and low oxygen delivery and timely interventions being introduced can reduce mortality and longterm sequela.Current trends in monitoring cerebral oxygenation are poor in PICUs of our country.It is very helpful in evaluating cerebral function and predicting prognosis from learning characteristics of cerebral oxygenic balance and monitoring methods of cerebral oxygenation.At present,monitoring cerebral oxygen includes intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion pressure,jugular venous oxygen saturation,brain tissue oxygen tension,cerebral blood flow,and near infrared spectrum technology and so on.

Brain injury is the leading cause of death after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Clinical care for brain injury remains necessary.Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to be effective in improving neurological outcome of children with cardiac arrest.We routinely induced hypothermia in children with coma after cardiac arrest,targeting 32 ～ 34 ℃,using cooling blankets and intravenous ice cap as primary methods for induction,for 24 ～ 72 h or much more duration,and vigilant re-warming.The objective of this article was to share our hypothermia protocol for cooling children with acute brain injury after cardiac arrest.

To explore the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) acting as seed cells in tissue engineering, we isolated human bone marrow MSCs and differentiated them into vascular endothelial-like cells (ELCs) in vitro. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMSCs) were isolated by the method of percoll density centrifugation, and seeded in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. MSCs were purified through multiple adherent cultures, and differentiated into ELCs induced by endothelial cell growth medium-2 (EBM-2) medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human fibroblast growth factor (hFGF), insulin like growth factors 1 (IGF-1), and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). The relative biologic characteristics of ELCs including cell morphology and phenotype were studied by inverted microscope and flow cytometry. The induced cells were identified by immunofluorescence with CD31 and Von Willebrand factor (vWF). The results showed that the morphology of MSCs was long-spindle and vortex-like growth. After induction of differentiation, the cells were round, and similar to vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ELCs expressed ECs specific surface markers of CD31 and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), but not CD133. Immunofluorescence results also confirmed that ELCs expressed CD31 and vWF. The results suggested that ELCs possed similar cell biological characteristics with ECs. In one word, human MSCs derived from bone marrow have the potential to differentiate into ECs in vitro, and show clinical feasibility acting as ideal donor cells of vascular tissue engineering.
Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Tissue Engineering ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pharmacology ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of Yiqihuayu herb on serum NF-κB p65 and myocardin in patients with hysteromyoma. Methods 56 cases patients with hysteromyoma were selected and divided into two groups.The control group of 28 cases were treated with mifepristone, and the experiment group of 28 cases were treated with Yiqihuayu herb.The clinical curative effect, uterine myoma volume, expression of NF-κB p65 and myocardin level were compared after treatment.Results The clinical curative effect of the experiment group was 89.29%, which was higher than 67.86% of control group(χ2 =3.82,P<0.05).Compared with control group, NF-κB p65 expression level was lower(P<0.05), myocardin expression level was higher ( P<0.05 ) , the volume of uterus and uterine myoma were smaller ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Yiqihuayu recipe could reduce the expression of NF-κB p65 in serum, increase myocardin level, and reduce the volume of uterus and myoma, which has good clinical curative effect in the treatment of patients with hysteromyoma.

The intracellular signal transduction pathways play an important role in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer.Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway,NF-κB pathway and RASSF1-MST1-FOXO3 pathway affect the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer by modulating the activity and expression of specifical proteins,and determine the growth and apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells.

Objective To investigate effect serum Bcl-2 and Bax in patients with myoma of uterus by Jiang Sanqi.Methods 92 patients with uterine fibroids were selected,and randomly divided into experiment group and control group.Control group of 46 cases treated with goserelin once 3.6 mg every month,subcutaneous injection,mifepristone 12.5 mg,once a day for oral treatment.Experiment group of 46 cases treated with Jiang Sanqi,0.5 g/kg,once a day for boiling water, for 3 months.The level of Bcl-2 and Bax in serum, clinical efficiency, diameter of tumor and complications were compared after treatment.Results The levels of Bcl-2 of experimental group patients was lower than control group, the level of Bax was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The total efficiency of experimental group(89.13%)was higher than that of the control group(71.74)%(P<0.05). The experimental group tumor diameter was smaller than the control group(P<0.05).Complications of the experiment was lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Jiang Sanqi can significantly reduce the serum Bcl-2 of patients with uterine fibroids,increase the expression level of Bax, reduce the uterine fibroids diameter effect, reduce the incidence rate of hormone suppression of drug side effects, has a great significance in clinical.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training improving negative emotions, furthering to explore the mediating effect of the improvement of mindfulness levels for the training effects.Methods:Randomized control trail was used in this research.Ninety participants who suffered negative e-motions and resolved to alleviate stress by mindfulness training were recruited by lecture.They were randomized in-to mindfulness training group or waitlist control group,and 79 of them completed the intervention (38 in mindful-ness training group and 41 in waitlist control group).Participants in mindfulness training group received an 8-week mindfulness training,while participants in waitlist control group received no intervention.Participants were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ,measuring mindfulness level)and Brief Profile of Mood State (POMS,measuring emotion)before and after intervention.Results:After 8-week intervention,participants in mindfulness training group got significantly higher total scores of FFMQ compared with baseline [(125.9 ±11.9) vs.(121.2 ±12.5),P<0.01].Participants in mindfulness training group also got significantly higher total scores of POMS,and the intensity-anxiety,depression-frustration,and fatigue scores of POMS compared with baseline (Ps<0.01).There were no significant differences between posttest and baseline on any scores in waitlist control group (Ps>0.05 ).The improvement of total scores of FFMQ mediated the reduction of total scores of POMS (95%CI=-6.24--0.73),and the intensity-anxiety (95%CI=-1.65 ~-0.12),depression-frustration (95%CI=-1.63--0.14),and fatigue scores (95%CI=-1.72--0.20)of POMS caused by mindfulness training.Conclusion:Mindfulness training could improve participants'negative emotions,and the enhanced mindfulness levels caused by mindfulness training will play a very important role for the improvement of negative emotions.

Anthrax is a fulminating infectious disease .Bacillus anthracis, as the pathogen of anthrax , is a potential ma-terial for biological warfare agents and biological terrors .Immunoprophylaxis and specific theraphies play key roles in cop-ing with anthrax threats.Researches on the mechanism of B.anthracis infection, especially the process of infection , can fa-cilitate the development of novel drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy .Herein, by reviewing research progress , the in-fection process of B.anthracis is introduced and the potential mechanism of anthrax infection is described .Furthermore, the relationship between researches on anthrax infection mechanisms and the development of drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy is also discussed .

Naphazoline,Diphenoxylate, Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications, widely used for the symptomatic relief of nasal obstruction, diarrhea or common cold symptoms. But these medicines might cause poisoning even if utilized in recommended doses for treatment. The side effects of these medicines were neglected when they were used much more commonly. The clinical manifestation of these medicine poisoning were delitescence and children' s parents couldn't provide the whole history, so these medicine poisoning were often misdiagnosis, even lead to treatment failure. We explore the toxicities of these medicines ,discuss their mechanisms and clinical manifestation, and suggest why physicians should be more vigilant in specifically inquiring about them when evaluating an ill child.