Objective To explore the etiopathology of slow transit constipation(STC). Methods The model of rat with cathartic colon was established and the changes of colonic electromyography and reaction to acetylcholine(Ach) were examined. Result The frequency, amplitude of slow wave and colon reaction to Ach of rats with cathartic colon decreased markedly. Conclusion Long term abuse of stimulant laxatives could damage enteric nervous system(ENS) and accelerate the pathological changes of STC.

Purpose：To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (MCD).Methods：Eight patients with histologic diagnosis of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (CD) were identified in the pathologic data base.The lymph node lesions were categorized as PC,Mix and HV types according to the criteria described by Frizzera. Patient with MCD had to have histology of CD within at least one regional group of lymph nodes and all underwent extensive lymphadenectomy.Results：The histologic features of 8 patients were six with PC,one with Mix and one with HV.Five patients presented with systemic symptoms. Three patients had splenomegaly and hapatomegaly. Five patients had local recurrence.Conclusions：MCD tends to recur and has a progressive clinical course with potential for malignancy ,and further study is needed to clarify the pathogenesis. Close follow-up and periodic surveillance are necessary to detect minimal disease and secondary malignant lesions. The patients with MCD should be candidates for multimodality therapy.

China has largest number of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, with complex distribution of genotypes, high proportion of refractory types and low diagnosis and treatment rate. It is necessary to explore accessible pan-genotype antiviral treatment protocols with high cure rate. Currently, the direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are recommended as the main treatment regimes by international guidelines for hepatitis C. Ravidasvir (RDV) is a new generation of NS5a inhibitor, which can be widely used in treatment of gene type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 CHC with strong antiviral activity and high resistance barrier. A number of clinical studies demonstrate that the combination of ravidavir with DAA S, such as second-generation protease inhibitor danoprevir (DNV) and nucleoside NS5b inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) have gained high cure rate and good safety for CHC patients. In this article, the results of related studies on ravidavir-based antiretroviral regimens in treatment of CHC are reviewed.

Objective To construct the pcDNA3. 1-Brugia malayi (Bm) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) eukaryotic recombinant plasmid and to study its effect on mouse cellular immunity response. Methods Total RNA was prepared from periodic Bm. The target gene fragments were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and then were inserted into the cloning vector. pGEM-T Easy, and sub-cloned into pcDNA3. 1. Purified pcDNA 3. 1-BmGAPDH recombinant plasmid and CpG were injected into the anterior tibial muscle of BALB/c mice in order to induce host immunity response. Mice injected with PBS and mice injected with blank plasmid were prepared as controls. The mouse models were immunized for 3 times with an interval of 2 weeks. RT-PCR was utilized to detect target gene expression in the muscle tissue. MTT method was used to measure the immunized mice T lymphocytes stimulation index, while enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ level. Means were compared using t test with SPSS software. Results The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3. 1-BmGAPDH was constructed sucessfully. The target gene was 1020 bp long and its homology with known gene sequence in database was 99%. BmGAPDH gene in the injected muscle of the immunized mice was detected by PCR. The proliferation of spleen T lymphocytes was higher in pcDNA3-BmGAPDH group than in the 2 control groups which were 1. 398, 1. 006 and 1. 017,respectively (P< 0. 05). The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in serums from the immunized mice were significantly higher than those of the PBS control group and blank plasmid control group which were 163.905, 58.589, 51. 317 and 107. 906, 27.111, 34.627, respectively (P<0. 05). Immune adjuvant CpG could accelerate and boost antigen-specific immune responses induced by vaccine, which presented as significant increase of IFN-γ and lymphocyte proliferation at 4 weeks after immunization.Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic plasmid pcDNA3. 1-BmGAPDH is constructed and could elicit cellular immune responses in immunized mice.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)in improving the reconstruction of synapse after cerebral ischemia.Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:sham-operated group,ischemia group and EA group.The number density(Nv)of synapses and the surface density(Sv)of synaptic joint band were observed 1 hour,1 day,3 days,1 week and 3 weeks after ischemia and EA, respectively.Heat-coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish the model of focal cerebral ischemia.EA group received EA on the acupoints of Baihui and Dazhui.The changes of synaptie structure,Nv and Sv as well as the influence of EA on the above indexes were observed in different time.Results There existed significant decrease of Nv and Sv 1 hour,1 day and 3 days after establishment of models in the isehemia group(P0.05).Conclusion EA can reduce the cerebral ischemic injury by increasing the synaptic amount and area in the cortex of rat model of cerebral isehemia at early stage,promoting the cerebral recovery after ischemia,which will provide substantial morphological basis for the improvement of synaptic reconstruction and recovery from cerebral isehemia by EA at different time after ischemic cerebral injury.

AIM:To investigate radiosensitization effect of apatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 and its mechanism.METHODS:SGC-7901 cells were divided into control group, apatinib group, radiotherapy group and combination group.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The changes of cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein levels of cell apoptosis biomarkers, such as PARP, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2, and cell proliferation biomarkers, p-PLCγ1 and p-ERK1/2, were detected by Western blot.γ-H2AX expression was detected by immunofluorescence.RESULTS:Compared with apatinib group and radiation group, the cell viability was inhibited after treatment with both apatinib and X-ray (P<0.01).The protein levels of cell proliferation markers p-PLCγ1 and p-ERK1/2 were down-regulated.The cell apoptosis was enhanced (P<0.01).The protein levels of cell apoptosis makers such as PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated, while Bcl-2 was down-regulated.The disappearance of γ-H2AX foci in the nucleus was delayed, indicating that apatinib impaired the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks.The proportion of G2 phase was significantly increased (P<0.01).The combination treatment had more significant effect on SGC-7901 cells than treating with apatinib or radiotherapy alone.CONCLUSION:Apatinib increases the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells via blocking VEGF pathway.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effects of sustained-release 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)micmparticles on the growth of HepG2 eels.Methods The inhibitory effects of sustained-releage 5-FU micropartides,5-FU microparticles and poly L-lactic acid on HepG2 cells were detected by MTT assay.The HepG2 cell apoptosis was demonstrated by flow cytomerry after Hoehest staining.Results The survival rate of HepG2 cells in sustained-release 5-FU microparticles group decreased as time passed by.The survival rate of HepG2 cells in 5-FU microparticles group wag the lowest on the first day,and then it increased gradually.The survival rates of HepG2 ceHs in 5-FU microparticles group on day 21 and 28 were hJigher than those in sustained-release 5-FU microparticles group.The survival rate of HepG2 cells in poly L-lactic acid group WSB higher than that in the other two groups.The difference upon survival rate among the 3 groups had statistical significance(F=3163.52,128.47.P＜0.01).Conclusions The sustained-release 5-FU micropartieles could keep on inhibiting tlle growth and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells in time-dependant manner.The inhibitory effect of sustained-release 5-FU is better than that of 5-FU microparticles.

Objective To study a repair method for injury of inferior vena cava(IVC).Methods The clinical data of 12cases with inferior vena cava injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results Nine cases were due to blunt trauma and 3 penetrating injury.All cases were in shock at the time of admission and were diagnosed as injury of abdominal organs,but none were diagnosed as injury of inferior vena cava.All 12 cases underwent operative treatment.Five cases were treated by suture of the rupture of IVC successfully,and 2 cases were treated by suture of liver after omental packing the ruptur of IVC,and other 5 cases were treated by gauze packing.Postoperative complications occurred in7 cases(58.3%) and 3 cases(25.0%) died.Among them,1 case died of massive hemorrhage during operation,in 5 cases who were treated by gauze packing and 2 died.Conclusions It is difficult to deal with injury of inferior vena cava,mortality is high and gauze packing together with modified normothermic hepatic vascular exclusion gives good results and merits widespread application.

Objective To investigate the resistance status of different integrons of Shigella sonnei (S.sonnei) and to analyze the distribution of resistant genes in integrons in Jiangsu Province.Methods A total of 32 strains of S.sonnei isolated from six cities of Jiangsu Province in 2011 were collected.The antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method.The molecular homology was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).The detection and classification of integrons were achieved by analyzing the positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).RFLP and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the resistance genes in integrons.Results Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 28 (87.5％) S.sonnei strains.The resistant rates to ampicillin,nalidixic acid and tetracycline were highest (87.5％,respectively).However,it was sensitive to norfloxacin.PFGE analysis showed that there were 3 kinds of homologous clones involving 31 strains of the 32 S.sonnei strains.Among them,2,5 and 24 strains had the same clones,respectively.Accordingly,they spread within one,two and five different cities.The detection rates of class 1,class 2 and the atypical class 1 integrons in S.sonnei were 62.5％ (20/32),81.3％ (26/32) and 21.9％ (7/32),respectively,and no class 3 integron was detected.Sequence analysis of class 1 integron variable area revealed that it contained multiple resistant genes (aacA4-cmlA1 and dfrA1-aadA 1) ; dfrA1-sat 1-aadA 1 from class 2 integron and blara-30-aadA 1 from atypical class 1 integron were also identified.Conclusions In 2011,homologous S.sonnei strains spread among different cities in Jiangsu Province.MDR strains are prevalent and integrons are widespread which mediated the emergence of MDR strains.