Anthrax ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Bacillus anthracis ; growth & development ; Humans ; Microbiological Techniques

Abstract: Objective　This paper aims to explore the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test(TST), and to provide reference for tuberculin skin test in the future. Methods　TST and emergency varicella vaccine were administered to students in grade one of a high school in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, who had both TB and varicella cases. Independent-samples t test was used to analyze the mean diameter of induration of TST in day 0, day 83 and day 195. The retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on TST. 　　Results　The mean induration diameter of 45 students who participated in three TST tests on day 0, day 83 and day 195 were analyzed by independent sample t test. On day 0, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups(1.630±2.837 vs 5.818±4.530) (t=-3.692, P=0.001). On day 83, there was no difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(0.001±0.001 vs 0.114±0.533) (t=-1.000, P=0.329). On day 195, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(1.913±3.774 vs 5.023±5.126) (t=-2.309, P=0.026). Moreover, the retrospective cohort study showed that the mean diameter of TST induration changed more significantly after inoculation with varicella vaccine, RR=6.071, 95%CI (1.667-22.116), P<0.05; After inoculation with varicella vaccine, the mean diameter of TST test did not change significantly from day 0 to day 195 with no statistical significance RR=3.474, 95%CI (0.333-36.240), P>0.05. Conclusions　Live attenuated varicella vaccine may temporarily affect the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test.

Objective To examine the feasibility of using the serous-lined tunnel technique for orthotopic neobladder, continent cutaneous diversion and ureteral replacement by the intestinal segment. Methods In 31 patients of orthotopic ileal neobladder, the serous-lined tunnel techniques were used for antirefluxing ureteral implantation: In 13 patients of continent ileal pouch, the techniques were adopted for continent-valve construction and for uretersl implantation: In 3 patients (with lower ureteric cancer), the same techniques were applied for constructing the ileal ureters with a proximal antirefluxing mechanism. Results With a mean follow-up of 27 mon( 12-132 mon), 88 ureters implanted into ileal neobladders or continent pouches functioned well with neither obstruction nor reflux: 12 in 13 continent valves functioned well with no incontinence. 3 patients with ileal ureters showed no ileo-ureteric reflux and had reduced hydronephrosis comparing to that of before surgery.Conclusions Ureteral reimplantation and continent valve formation achieved by adopting the serouslined tunnel technique provide satisfactory results. The versatility of the technique is obvious in the present experience and the creative application of the serous-lined tunnel technique should be possible in urinary reconstruction.

Objective To evaluate combined buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts for urethroplasty in a dog model. Methods Seven female mongrel dogs were selected.After a segment of proximal urethra mucosa (4 cm×1 cm) was excised and onlayed,urethroplasty was performed by using the combined free buccal mucosa (2 cm×1 cm)graft which had been harvested from the inferior cheek and free lingual mucosa graft(2 cm×1 cm)harvested from the inferior lateral surface of the tongue.A 12 F urethral catheter was kept for 7 d.Retrograde urethrography was done and urethra diameter was calibrated with a 10 F catheter before animals were sacrificed at week 12.Then the grafted areas excised and evaluated grossly and histopathologically. Results All dogs survived during the procedure and there was no tongue or bueeal complications.One dog developed a severe urethral stricture at the proximal anastomosis site.The remaining 6 dogs voided spontaneously with no difficulty.Retrograde urethrography showed that no stricture or fistula formed.The combined buccal mucosa graft and lingual mucosa graft shortened from a mean (SD) of 4.00(0.15)to 3.75(0.23)cm (statistically.significant,P＜0.05).No stricture was found in the connection of the buccaI mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts.Histological examination showed that the combined buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts were well-incorporated into the urethral walls and covered by a keratinized squamous epithelium.Neovascularization was evident beneath the grafts. Conclusion Combined buccal mucosa graft and lingual mucosa graft could be an option for urethral substitution.

Objective To explore the application value of fetal echocardiography for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC),by comparing the results of prenatal diagnosis of APVC by ultrasound and follow-up.Methods Eighty-one APVC fetuses diagnosed by fetal echocardiography were followed up regularly.These results were compared with postnatal ultrasound diagnosis,operation and anatomy.The main points of methodology and differential diagnosis were summarized.Results Eighty-one APVC fetuses included 68 cases of total APVC(31 cases of supracardiac type,15 cases of intracardiac type,22 cases of infracardiac type),13 cases of Partial APVC(2 cases of supracardiac type,10 cases of intracardiac type,1 case of infracardiac type);12 cases of isolated APVC,69 cases of complex APVC(combined with other cardiovascular abnormalities);6 cases were born(4 infants of isolated APVC survived after operation,2 infants of complex APVC died),2 cases were ongoing pregnancy,71 cases were aborted (30 cases were dissected),2 cases were lost to follow-up.Conclusions Fetal echocardiography has important application value in diagnosis and prognosis assessment of APVC and the ones with other cardiovascular abnormalities.

Objective: To investigate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its influencing factors among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into school-based tobacco control. Methods: Grade 1 to 3 junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from September to December, 2021. The participants' demographic features, e-cigarette use and exposure to tobacco advertising were collected using the Chinese version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting the intention to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: The 1 677 respondents included 875 boys (52.18%) and 802 girls (47.82%), and grade 1 to 3 junior high school students consisted of 33.93%, 35.00% and 31.07% of all respondents, respectively. There were 1 461 students that had heard of e-cigarettes (87.12%), 101 students with intention to use e-cigarettes (6.02%), and 24 current users (1.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified living in rural areas (OR=2.364, 95%CI: 1.442-3.875), having close friends that were smokers (OR=5.614, 95%CI: 3.404-9.258), having seen smoking via TV, video or movie in the past 30 days (OR=2.106, 95%CI: 1.259-3.523), having received free tobacco products (OR=3.887, 95%CI: 1.172-12.894), considering e-cigarettes as nicotine-free (OR=208.442, 95%CI: 55.713-779.856), and considering smoking making comfortable at party (OR=4.534, 95%CI: 1.853-11.090) as factors affecting intention to use e-cigarettes. There were 38.04% (638/1 677) of junior high school students with exposure to advertisements for e-cigarettes and related products, and stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, grocery, e-cigarette experience stores or offline retail stores were the primary places to contact e-cigarettes and related products. Conclusions The percentage of intention to use e-cigarettes was low among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District in 2021, and their intention to use e-cigarettes was mainly affected by close friends' smoking status and personal recognition.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor t-AUCB on foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux in macrophage.

METHODSMouse macrophages RAW264.7 were cultured and stimulated with ox-LDL (80 µmol/L) in the absence (group A) or presence of t-AUCB (1, 10, 50, 100 µmol/L, group B) or t-AUCB (100 µmol/L) pretreated with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (5 µmol/L, group C). The foam cell was identified by oil red O staining. The cholesterol efflux rates of (3)H-cholesterol in cells were measured by liquid scintillation counter. mRNA and protein expressions of ABCA1 were detected by real-time PCR or Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSOil red O staining showed that t-AUCB (100 µmol/L) significantly inhibited foam cell formation which could be significantly reversed by GW9662 (all P < 0.05). t-AUCB dose-dependently increased cholesterol efflux rates in mouse macrophage [(5.91 ± 0.18)% in group A, (7.03 ± 0.33)%, (8.05 ± 0.32)%, (9.04 ± 0.14)%, (10.06 ± 0.85)% in 1, 10, 50, 100 µmol/L t-AUCB groups, all P < 0.05 vs. group A], which could be reversed by pretreatment with GW9662 [(6.33 ± 0.15)% in 100 µmol/L t-AUCB + GW9662 group].t-AUCB also upregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expressions in a dose-dependent manner which could be significantly attenuated by pretreatment with GW9662.

CONCLUSIONt-AUCB could inhibit foam cell formation by improving cholesterol efflux through activating PPARγ-ABCA1 pathway in macrophage.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Animals ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Epoxide Hydrolases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Foam Cells ; drug effects ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Urea ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

The questionnaire and the result of 2010' Hwato Cup National University Students' Acupuncture Manipulation Skills Competition were analyzed in this paper. It was showed that the competition achieved the significant effects of enhancing acupuncture manipulation skills for the university students and promoting the standardization on teaching acupuncture manipulation skills. The teachers and students were not very satisfied with the current acupuncture manipulation skill education. In the competition, only the item of reciting the classics achieved more than 90 scores, which just displayed the memory ability. The results of the manipulation competition were generally not very high. It is suggested that concerning to teaching acupuncture and moxibustion in the future, the ratio of class time for improving the practice ability on the human body should be increased and the practice on some manipulation techniques such as inserting the needle by holding the needle tip with the pressing hand, reinforcing-reducing technique by twirling and rotating the needle and warming needle technique should be intensified. It is necessary to enhance the interpretation, emphasis and supplementation on the keys and details of some manipulations of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

Objective To construct RNAi combinant adenoviral expressive vectors specific to p65 subunit of NF-?B and to observe their gene silencing effect on p65 subunit.Methods Three pairs of complementary. single-strand DNA oligos targeting three various sites of p65 mRNA were designed and synthesized.Annealling was used to generate double-strand oligos(ds-oligos),and then the ds-oligos were cloned into pENTR~TM/u6 to generate the entry clone named pENTR.Recombination reaction in vitro with the pENTR and pAd/BLOCK-iT~TM- DEST was used to creat the adenovirus plasmid which contains the RNAi cassette.Then,the adenovirus plasmids digested with PacI were transfected into HEK293A cells to product adenovirus,and latter infected the HEK293A cells to amplify the adenoviral stock.Plaque forming assay was used to titer the adenoviral stock.The p65 gene silencing effect induced by the RNAi adenovirus was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry assay in ECV304 cells.Results The RNAi adenovirus specific to p65 subunit of NF-?B were produced with titer of 3.0 x 10~9pfu/ml to 2.5?10~10pfu/ml.The expression of p65 protein in ECV304 cells could be down-regulated efficiently by the RNAi adenovirus 48-72 h after infection,which would last for more than 6 days after infection.Conclusion RNAi adenovirus is an important tool inhibiting the expression of target gene efficiently.

Objective To investigate the clinical and histopathologic features of patients with primary gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma ( PGIML). Methods The clinical and histopathologic data of 22 patients with PGIML were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. All cases were confirmed with histological specimen obtained from endoscopic biopsies or surgery. Results Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom, seen in 15 of 22 patients (68.2% ). The incidence of PGIML was highest in stomach, seen in 12 of 22 patients (54. 5% ). Modularity of the mucosal surface was the most common endoscopic finding, seen in 15 of 21 patients (71. 4% ). The positive rate of endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of PGIML was 52. 6% (10/19 biopsy cases). All cases were non-Hodgkins lymphomas ( NHL). Twenty cases were muco-sa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and 13 of 20 cases were extra-nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT. Conclusions Abdominal pain is the most common symptom and the stomach was the most common location in PGIML. Extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT is the main histopathologic feature. The prognosis of PGIML is related to the surgical procedure and the post operative chemotherapy.