Objective To evaluate the use of bunching forceps during radical prostatectomy. Methods 14 cases of radical prostatectomy/cystectomy were performed with the use of bunching forceps to control bleeding from the dorsal vein complex. Results The procedure resulted in minimal bleeding from dorsal complex and was helpful in rhabdosphincter. Conclusions The bunching forceps is very valuable for controlling bleeding from dorsal vein complex and for preserving rhabdosphincter.

Objective Through the comparative study of the acute toxic effects of PM2.5 in nickel-contaminated area in rats to explore the possible mechanism of acute toxicity of PM2.5.Methods A nickel-contaminated area and a control area were selected,the air quality of the two areas was monitored and the concentration of nickel in the collected PM2.5 was determined. Forty two male Wistar rats(SPF Grade)were randomly divided into three groups,including one saline control group and two experimental groups,the nickel-polluted group and the non-polluted group,in each.There were three subgroups.PM2.5 were administered to rats by intratraeheal instillation at doses of 1.6 mg/kg,8.0 mg/kg and 40.0 mg/kg respectively.The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after treatment and the brochoalveolar tavage fluid(BALF)were collected,the phagocytic function of alveola macrophages of rats were tested.Results There was no significant difference between the level of environmental quality in the two areas,the concentration of Ni in PM2.5 in the nickel-polluted area was 48.75 times of that in the non-polluted control area.The phagocytic function of alveola macrophages of rats in the experimental groups decreased significantly(P

Two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) were treated by a Pd/Fe catalyst in aqueous solutions through catalytic amination and dechlorination. Nitrochlorobenzenes are rapidly converted to form chloroanilines (CAN) first through an amination process, and then rapidly dechlorinated to become aniline (AN) and Cl(-), without the involvement of any other intermediate reaction products. The amination and dechlorination reaction are believed to take place predominantly on the surface site of the Pd/Fe catalysts. The dechlorination rate of the reductive degradation of the two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) in the presence of Pd/Fe as a catalyst was measured experimentally. In all cases, the reaction rate constants were found to increase with the decrease in the Gibbs free energy (correlation with the activation energy) of NCBs formation; the activation energy of each dechlorination reaction was measured to be 95.83 and 77.05 kJ/mol, respectively for o- and p-NCB. The results demonstrated that p-NCBs were reduced more easily than o-NCBs.
Catalysis ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Metals ; chemistry ; Nitrobenzenes ; chemistry ; Palladium ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Purification ; methods

Objective To explore further the abilities of cerebellar lesions in skills of time estimation, and to test the hypothesis that cerebellum is involved in the special network of time perception. Methods Time reproduction was required for 3 time intervals of 600-milliseconds, 3 and 5 seconds with visual discrimination for control. Participants reproduce those time intervals after 1-second or 5-seconds of delay. Twenty-six patients with cerebellar lesions were compared to 26 healthy controls, matched for age, handedness, education. Results 600-milliseconds was overestimated by both cerebellar lesions and healthy controls, however, both 3-seconds and 5-seconds were underestimated. Patients with cerebellar lesions were significantly impaired on 600-milliseconds reproduction task ( delaying 1 s or 5 s, 1.37 ± 0.24, 1.26 ± 0.29 respectively, Z=-5.347, -4.230, both P<0.01). No group differences were found for the 3-seconds and 5-seconds time reproduction (delaying 1 s or 5 s, Z=-1.200,-0.092,-1.519, -0.723, all P>0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that patients with cerebellar lesions perform poorly during measurement of the shorter interval, but show no impairment of longer intervals perception, supporting the hypotheses that cerebellum is specifically involved in the perception of sub-second intervals.

"Disease-syndromes-formulas-medicines" binding mode is benefit to reveal the scientific connotation of the compatibility and mechanism of classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this article, Zuojin Wan was used as a model prescription, with the etiology and pathogenesis of liver-fire invading stomach in TCM, and modern pathological and pharmacological interpretation, the compatibility, nature-flavour, channel tropism, the active substance and pharmacology of Zuojin Wan were explained, in order to reveal the compatibility, nature-flavour and channel tropism of Zuojin Wan, and to provide ideas for the development of modern compound prescription.
Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To explore the relationship between intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS were measured in different exposed times(0,3,6,12,18,24 h) respectively after SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 40 mg/L NaF in vitro, and the optimal expose time was selected. Furthermore, the changes of [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels in 40 mg/L NaF-treated groups incubated with 38.23 mg/L BAPTA-AM or 380.40 mg/L ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 16.32 mg/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) also observed at the optimal expose time(12 h), respectively. Results At 3,6,12,18 and 24 h, [Ca2+]1 level(5620.0±226.3,4775.5±85.6,3312.3±87.5, 3047.0±75.0,2717.0±66.5) was significantly increased, and so was the ROS level(4449.53±324.61,7463.07±117.43,20 227.33±178.04,8817.56±200.13, 7975.61±92.90) except at 3 h, compared with 0 h(2115.0±24.0,4098.01±21.22, all P<0.05). The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS reached the peak at 3 h and 12 h, respectively. [Ca2+]1 and LDH levels in NaF-treated group [3279.5±94.0, (1057.50±64.35)U/L], NaF+NAC treated group[ 3583.0±350.7, (561.02±85.50)U/L], NaF+EGTA treated groups[3701.5±157.7, (1074.50±86.97)U/L], and BAPTA-AM treated group[2766.5±38.9, (521.43±40.80)U/L] had increased, compared with the control[2022.5±118.1, (186.97±8.73)U/L], the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). ROS levels in NaF-treated group (19 003.04±332.34), and NaF+EGTA treated group(19 170.12±95.46) was higher than that in the controls(4060.98±145.66), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). NaF and NAC had antagonistic effect on ROS and LDH levels (F=976.11,43.54,P<0.05). And NaF and BAPTA-AM had antagonistic effect on [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels (F=15.65,1515.53,115.00, P<0.05). Conclusions NaF-related calcium is released from the site of intracellular calcium storage, which induces ROS production, both of them caused cytotoxicity and the increase of LDH level in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of panaxadiol saponin (PDS) and panaxtrol saponin (PTS) on proliferation of human bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC).

METHODSPDS and PTS were separated and purified from ginsenosides, and the effects on HPC were studied using in vitro hemopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming technique, by observing the proliferation of human burst forming unit-erythroid progenitor (BFU-E), colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and colony-forming unit-pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor (CFU-Mix) in mice after PDS and PTS stimulation.

RESULTSDifferent concentration of PDS (2.5-200 micrograms/ml) could stimulate the proliferation of HPC obviously, showing increase of CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Mix by 54.9 +/- 6.3%, 48.8 +/- 5.1%, 27.6 +/- 4.2% and 48.9 +/- 3.9% respectively, which was higher than that of the control group. While stimulated by PTS of the same concentration, the CFU-E and BFU-E was lower than that of control significantly (P < 0.05); when the terminal concentration of PTS was 200 micrograms/ml, CFU-E and BFU-E was zero respectively. In the CFU-GM culture, PTS in concentration of 12.5 micrograms/ml could cause the proliferation increased by 29.7 +/- 2.2% (P < 0.05), but in concentration of 100 micrograms/ml and 200 micrograms/ml, it showed inhibitory effect on CFU-GM, the inhibition rate being 48.6 +/- 3.9% and 100% respectively.

CONCLUSIONPDS is the effective component of ginsenosides in stimulating proliferation of human bone marrow HPC. PTS is an component with inhibitory action on proliferation of CFU-E and BFU-E and its effect on CFU-GM was depending on its concentration.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

Background: Wide resection margins of osseous tumors are associated with a low incidence of local recurrence, making accurate measurement of the intraosseous extent of primary malignant long bone tumors is crucial. We compared the intraosseous tumor extent assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the gross specimen to evaluate the accuracy of MRI. Methods: A total of 255 patients with primary malignant tumors in the long bones were included. Using MRI, we defined the length of tumor as the distance from the articular surface to the boundary between abnormal and normal marrow signal. The extent of the abnormal intraosseous signal was measured on unenhanced T1?weighted (T1WI) magnetic resonance images after chemotherapy. All gross surgical specimens were sectioned, and tumor extent was measured. Wilcoxon signed?rank test was used to test the differences between MRI and gross specimen findings. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between groups. Results: Median tumor length by gross specimen (112 mm; range, 45–300 mm) was longer than that by MRI (108 mm; range, 45–304 mm;Z = ?6.916, P < 0.001). Of 255 images, tumor length was accurately represented on 27 T1WI magnetic resonance images, overestimated on 79 images, and underestimated on 149 images. The median difference between imaging and gross specimen measurements was 2.0 mm (range: 1.0–15.0 mm) for the 79 cases where tumor length was overestimated, and 5.0 mm (range: 1.0–18.0 mm) for the 149 cases where tumor length was underestimated. The Spearman correlation demonstrated a high correlation of tumor length on gross specimen with the tumor length on MRI (R = 0.99, P < 0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that preoperative MRI could be a useful method in determining intramedullary malignant bone tumor boundaries and may serve as an accepted assessment method of long bone tumors before limb?sparing surgery.

Objective To understand the effect of astaxanthin on intestinal injury of septic mice,and explore the mechanism.Methods Septic mice model was constructed by cecum ligation and puncture(CLP).Sixty-two male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups by random number method:Sham surgery+solvent control group(Sham+Vehi group,n=11),Sham surgery+astaxanthin group(Sham+Asta group,n=11),sepsis model+sol-vent control group(CLP+Vehi group,n=20),and sepsis model+astaxanthin group(CLP+Asta group,n=20).In astaxanthin-containing groups,astaxanthin was dissolved in edible olive oil(40 mg/mL),and 100 mg/(kg·d)was gavaged for 7 days before surgery.In solvent-containing groups,the solvent was treated with an equal amount of olive oil by gavage(2.5 mL/kg).Five mice from the Sham groups and 12 mice from the CLP groups were ran-domly selected to observe their 7-day survival after surgery.The remaining mice were given fluorescent isothiocya-nate dextran(FD-40)gavage at 18 hours after surgery.Changes in mice intestinal tissue morphology,intestinal functional injury indicators,intestinal tissue oxidative stress indicators,inflammatory factors expression,and ex-pression of key protein of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were detected 24 hours after surgery.Results There were no statistical differences in mice survival rate,intestinal injury indicators,intestinal inflammatory factor levels,oxidative stress indicators,and intestinal tissue injury scores between Sham+Vehi and Sham+Asta groups(all P＞0.05).Compared with the Sham+Vehi group,the survival rate of mice in the CLP+Vehi group decreased significantly;serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activities,levels of in-testinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),D-lactate,and FD-40 increased significantly;levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in intestinal tissue in-creased significantly;superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased;intestinal morphological injury score was higher;the expression of PPARγ in intestinal tissue increased,and the ratios of both p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 in-creased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the CLP+Vehi group,the survival rate of mice in the CLP+Asta group im-proved;serum DAO activities,levels of I-FABP,D-lactate and FD-40 all decreased significantly;levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA in intestinal tissue decreased significantly;SOD activity increased;intestinal morphological injury score decreased;PPARγ expression in intestinal tissue increased,and the ratios of both p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Astaxanthin decreases intestinal injury in CLP-induced septic mice,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway,as well as the inhibi-tion of inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; etiology ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Introns ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk ; ras Proteins ; genetics