ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the curative effect of tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O)and modified TVT-O in treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods We selected 1 1 3 female patients diagnosed with SUI from January to December 2013 in our department and divided them into standard TVT-O group (group A,5 6 cases)and modified TVT-O group (group B,5 7 cases).We evaluated prospectively the safety,short-term efficacy and complications of operation in the two groups.Results The length from bilateral obturator membrane to the puncture point in the skin was greater in group A than in group B.The average intraoperative blood loss was more in group A than in group B.The median NRS score of postoperatie thigh pain in group A was higher than in group B (P<0 .0 5 ).The two groups did not differ significantly in operation duration,postoperative catheterization,mean hospital stay duration,the length and position from bilateral obturator membrane to the puncture point,or surgical efficacy (P>0.05).Conclusion Both TVT-O and modified TVT-O techniques are effective in treating female SUI.Modified TVT-O has a short path to get through the adductor muscles and less intraoperative blood loss;therefore,it can significantly reduce the complications such as postoperative pain to enhance the quality of life after operation. 

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of extensive Whipple's resection to the adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas on the survival, complications, and surgical mortality.

METHODNinety three patients who received Whipple's surgery between January 1995 and March 2003 were divided into classical group (n = 51) and extensive group (n = 42). Their short-term outcome and survival rate were compared retrospectively.

RESULTSThe postoperative complication rate and mortality in classical group and extensive group were 19.61%/3.92% and 16.67%/2.38%, respectively. And 1- and 2- year survival rates in classical group and extensive group were 58.82%/20.59% and 63.33%/23.33%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPostoperative complications and mortality will not increase in extensive Whipple's resection for adenocarcinoma of head of pancreas. However, whether extensive Whipple's resection will improve long-term survival still requires further investigation.

Adenocarcinoma ; mortality ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo find out the correlation between the content of taxifolin in Polygonum orientale and the storage time.

METHODHPLC was used to determine taxifolin. The chromatographic condition was as following: Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase acetonitrile -0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution), the detection wavelength 290 nm and flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe injection volume of taxifolin was in good linearity within 0.07 and 0.35 microg, the average recovery was 99.7% with RSD 0.2%. Taxifolin content was 0.84, 1.36, 1.75, 1.99 mg x g(-1) corresponding to storage time of 10, 7, 6, 5 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe content of taxifolin decreased with the storage time. When the storage period is more than six years, the content is lower than that required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version). This method has a good repeatability and accuracy, it provides a scientific reference for clinical use and quality evaluation of P. orientale.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

The quality control of Chinese herbal medicine is a current challenge for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional quality evaluation methods lack quantitative analysis, while modern quality evaluation methods ignore the origins and appearance traits. Therefore, an integrated quality evaluation method is urgent in need. Raw Rehmanniae Radix (RRR) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. At present, much attention has been drwan towards its quality control, which however is limited by the existing quality evaluation methods. The present study was designed to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of RRR pieces based on its chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins. Thirty-three batches of RRR pieces were collected from six provinces, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the following five constituents, including catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride and verbascoside in RRR pieces. Their appearance traits were quantitatively observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and t-test were performed to evaluate the qualities of RRR pieces. These batches of RRR pieces were divided into three categories: samples from Henan province, samples from Shandong and Shanxi provinces, and those from other provinces. Furthermore, the chemical constituents and appearance traits of RRR pieces were significantly different from diverse origins. The combined method of chemical contituents, appearance traits and origins can distinguish RRR pieces with different qualities, which provides basic reference for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Rehmannia/chemistry*

The aim of this paper was to discuss the protective effect and mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides( ASPs) on immunological liver injury caused by conanavalin A( Con A). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control group,model group( Con A),low-,medium-,and high-dose( 36. 25,72. 5,145 mg·kg~(-1)) ASPs groups,bifendate( 200 mg·kg~(-1),positive drug) group and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate( PDTC,NF-κB inhibitor,200 mg·kg~(-1)) group. ASPs groups and bifendate group were given with corresponding drugs by ig administration once daily for 7 d. Control group,model group and PDTC group were given with normal saline by ig administration once daily for 7 d. After the last ig administration,PDTC was given in DTC group by iv administration( 200 mg·kg~(-1)); 0. 5 h after that,Con A( 20 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected via the tail vein to induce immunological liver injury in all the mice except normal control group. The mice were killed 8 h later and their liver tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The contents of nitric oxide( NO),superoxide dismutase( SOD),malondialdehyde( MDA),reduced glutathione( GSHPX),interleukin( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor( TNF-α) in liver tissues were detected by kit assay. Western blot method was used to detect TNF-α,intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1( ICAM-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase( i NOS) and nuclear factor( NF-κB) protein expression in liver tissues. As compared with model group,ASPs not only could reduce the activity of MDA,NO,IL-1β and TNF-α,but also increase the content of GSH-PX and SOD; at the same time,the protein expression levels of TNF-α,ICAM-1,i NOS and NF-κB were reduced in liver tissues; in addition,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,hepatocyte cytoplasm was loose and swollen,and nuclear condensation and staining were improved. ASPs has a protective effect on immunological liver injury,and the mechanism may be associated with regulating secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion factor through NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction

The present study was aimed to investigate whether Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis participated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), and to explore the role of caspase-1 and caspase-11 pyroptosis pathways in this process. The mice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT), WT-LPS, GSDMD knockout (KO) and KO-LPS. The sepsis-associated AKI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (40 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of creatinine and urea nitrogen. The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed via HE staining. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins. The results showed that the concentrations of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in the WT-LPS group were significantly increased, compared with those in the WT group (P < 0.01); whereas serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in the KO-LPS group were significantly decreased, compared with those in the WT-LPS group (P < 0.01). HE staining results showed that LPS-induced renal tubular dilatation was mitigated in GSDMD KO mice. Western blot results showed that LPS up-regulated the protein expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), GSDMD and GSDMD-N in WT mice. GSDMD KO significantly down-regulated the protein levels of IL-1β, caspase-11, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1(p22) induced by LPS. These results suggest that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is involved in LPS-induced sepsis-associated AKI. Caspase-1 and caspase-11 may be involved in GSDMD cleavage.
Animals ; Mice ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Caspase 1 ; Caspases/metabolism* ; Creatinine ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mice, Knockout ; Nitrogen ; Sepsis ; Urea ; Gasdermins/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)/amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1(NOX1) signaling pathway in tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) induced apoptosis of A549 cells. METHODS: i) A549 cells were stimulated with TNF-α at the concentrations of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 nmol/L. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell viability to screen the optimal stimulating concentration of TNF-α. ii) A549 cells at logarithmic growth stage were randomly divided into four groups, the control group, the TNF-α group, the BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor) group and the TNF-α+BAY11-7082 group. The cells in the control group were not treated. The TNF-α and BAY11-7082 groups were stimulated with 0.50 nmol/L TNF-α and 5 μmol/L BAY11-7082, respectively. The TNF-α+BAY11-7082 group was stimulated by both TNF-α and BAY11-7082. After 24 hours of culture, the cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptotic rate, and Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression of NF-κB(p65) and NOX1 proteins. RESULTS: i) When A549 cells were stimulated with TNF-α at the concentration of 0.50 nmol/L, the cell proliferative activity was reduced and the cell apoptosis was promoted. This concentration was selected as the stimulation dose of TNF-α in subsequent experiments. ii) The survival rate of A549 cells in the TNF-α group decreased(P<0.05), the apoptotic rate and the protein expressions of NF-κB(p65) and NOX1 increased in TNF-α group(all P<0.05) compared with the control group. In BAY11-7082 group, the survival rate and the relative expression of NF-κB(p65) and NOX1 of A549 cells were decreased(all P<0.05), and the apoptotic rate of A549 cells was increased(P<0.05) compared with the control group. A549 cells in TNF-α+BAY11-7082 group changed from a long spindle shape to an irregular one. The cell survival rate increased(P<0.05), the apoptotic rate and the relative expression of NF-κB(p65) and NOX1 decreased(all P<0.05) compared with the TNF-α group. CONCLUSION: NF-κB/NOX1 signaling pathway is involved in A549 cells apoptosis induced by TNF-α.

This study was designed to construct a "drug-core target-pathway" network of Erzhi Pill for hepatic injury treatment in an effort to explore the "multi-components, multi-targets, multi-pathways" mechanism. ADME/T calculation method was used to screen the active components of Erzhi Pill, and then predict the potential targets according to the reverse pharmacophore matching method. Biological information annotation databases (DAVID) was used to analyze the molecular function and biological process of the action targets. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the "ingredient-core target-pathway" network of Erzhi Pill for hepatic injury treatment. It was found that 39 major active ingredients of Erzhi Pill regulated 321 targets (HRAS, DCK, HSD17B1, UCK2, et al) and affected 51 pathways, such as insulin signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, metabolic pathways and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The method revealed the action features of traditional Chinese medicine as multi-ingredients, multi-targets, multi-pathways, providing new clues for further basic study on the hepatic injury pharmacological mechanism of Erzhi Pill.