Based on the understanding of the present situations of bilingual teaching in clinical medical courses together with the analysis of the students' characteristics,the different methods in improving bilingual teaching were explored and the experience was discussed.The problems encountered in bilingual teaching were also discussed.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on the IL-1?-induced rat mesangial cell proliferation, the release of PGE 2, and on the COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, so as to explore the related mechanism of anti-glomerulosclerosis. Methods Rat mesangial cell (MC) was cultured in vitro and the IL-1? -induced proliferation of MC was detected by MTT method. ELISA method was employed to measure the contents of PGE 2 in blank control group, IL-1? group, IL-4+IL-1? group, NS-398 group, NS-398+IL-1? group, indomethacin group, indomethacin+IL-1? group. The expression of mRNA and protein of COX-1 and COX-2 gene were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results IL-1? could induce the proliferation of MC when the concentration was 0.1-100ng/ml in 12h, 24h and 48h. When its concentration was 2ng/ml, it had the strongest effect in 24h. All the IL-4, NS-398, indomethacin could inhibit IL-1? to induce MC producing PGE 2. The inhibitory rates are in proper order as: IL-4 (84.9%), NS-398(56.5%), and indomethacin(41.2%). Both IL-4 and NS-398 could obviously inhibit the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein proved by RT-PCR and Western blot. Indomethacin could strongly inhibit the expression of COX-1 mRNA and protein, while only shew a weak inhibition on the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein. Conclusion IL-4 could markedly inhibit the IL-1? -induced MC proliferation, down-regulate COX-2 gene, decrease the production of PGE 2, and thus take effect on anti-glomerulosclerosis.

Objective To explore the DSA mainfestations of MoyaMoya disease.Methods 19 patients, underwent CT before DSA, showed intracranial hemorrhage. All patients were then examined by angiography via femoral artery approach. Results All cases were diagnosed as MoyaMoya disease through DSA. The findings of DSA showed characteristic manifestations as the following: 1. Stenosis or occlusion of the invoved arteries. 2. Smoke like capillary vascular network spreading from supraseller cistern to cerebral base. 3. Development of collateral circulation. Conclusions DSA is the main method for the diagnosis of MoyaMoya disease, CT can only localize the site of cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To explore the main inhalational and alimentary allergens which triggers allergic asthma in children in Suzhou area.Methods The serum specific aspiration allergens were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 119 children with bronchial asthma,including 7 kinds of common inhalational allergens.The 6 kinds of alimentary allergens test was conducted in 65 children.Results The total inhalational allergens positive rate of the subject was 75.63%(90/119).The highest rate was dust mite 49.58%(59/119),then was house dust 21.02%(25/119),animal hair 19.33%(23/119).The positive rate of aspiration allergens increased with the patient′s age and showed a positive correlation.Positive rate of food allergens was 49.23%(32/65).Of them,the highest rate was fish 20.0%(13 cases),then was lobster and claw 16.92%(11 cases),egg 12.31%(8 cases).Conclusions Inhalational allergens are the main allergens in children with asthma in Suzhou district.The positive rate of aspiration allergens increases with the patient′s age.The most common allergen is dust mite.The allergen test plays a clinically significant and advisable role in treatment and prognosis in bronchial asthma in children.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of fine particulate matter ( PM2.5 ) on respiratory diseases and symptoms of community residents in Chun’an County, so as to provide the basis for air pollution treatment strategies. Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, the permanent residents in Qiandaohu Town of Chun’an County were investigated from 2017 to 2018. The demographic information, respiratory diseases and symptoms were collected by using Surveillance Plan for the Impact of Air Pollution ( Haze ) on health ( 2016 Edition ). The air pollutants and meteorological data were collected through Qiandaohu station of Hangzhou Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center and Hangzhou Meteorological Information Center. The effects of PM2.5 on respiratory diseases and symptoms of residents were analyzed with generalized estimating equation. Results: Totally 1 181 people aged 6 months to 95 years were recruited, including 557 ( 47.16% ) males and 624 ( 52.84% ) females. Acute nasopharyngitis (common cold) and tracheitis/tonsillitis occurred most frequently, with 203 cases, accounting for 3.44%. The median of daily average concentration of PM2.5 was 24 μg/m3, with the standard exceeding rate of 2.80%. The results showed that PM2.5 increased the risk of acute nasopharyngitis ( common cold ), tracheitis/tonsillitis, cough, expectoration, runny nose, sore throat and nasal congestion ( lag 3 days, OR: 1.015-1.022, 95%CI: 1.001-1.037 ); the effect of PM2.5+PM10 ( OR: 1.020-1.040, 95%CI: 1.006-1.070 ) and PM2.5+O3 ( OR: 1.017-1.024, 95%CI: 1.005-1.035 ) was greater than that of PM2.5 alone on respiratory diseases and symptoms. Conclusion Atmospheric PM2.5 exposure in Chun’an County increases the risk of respiratory diseases and symptoms among community residents.

The standard administration and the management of the teaching files have been built firstly in the teaching and research apartment of medicine.A variety of databases to achieve files informatics and a series of teaching resources have been reinforced for recent years.Informatics technology,curriculum construction and teaching methods have been conformed to take full advantage of the teaching files.

The department of Internal Medicine at our hospital has enhanced students' clinical skills training,strengthened the system of clinical teaching rounds,established an effective clinical practice teaching supervision mechanism,and established a scientific and effective clinical evaluation system for basic skills. These clinical teaching practice reforms have achieved satisfactory teaching results.

AIMTo observe the differences of hemodynamics and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity of ventricular cardiac muscle in two septic shock models and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSTwo rat models of septic shock[lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic shock] were used. The hemodynamic parameters and nitric oxide synthase activity of ventricular cardiac muscle were measured.

RESULTSThe hemodynamic parameters in CLP-induced model were increased in the early stage and decreased in the late stage while in LPS-induced model the parameters showed the same change of the CLP late stage. Both LPS model and CLP model (late stage) showed significant increase in NOS activity, but there was no difference between the two models. After treatment of the NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the parameters of CLP-late stage and LPS model increased significantly. The NOS activity reached the highest level in the CLP-middle stage. The production of nitrite/nitrate decreased significantly in LPS model and CLP model(late stage) after treatment of L-NAME, but the nitrite/nitrate produced by constitutive NOS in LPS model was higher than CLP model(late stage).

CONCLUSIONThe increase of the NOS activity may be the main reason to lead to the depression of the hemodynamic parameters. Inducible NOS may play the leading role in the LPS model while cNOS and iNOS have the same effect in the CLP model.

Animals ; Hemodynamics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock, Septic ; classification ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To provide the clinical anatomy data of the lingual artery for clinical application concerning about the lingual artery. METHODS CTA examination of the carotid artery was performed in 80 adult volunteers. The 3D reconstruction images of the carotid artery with hyoid bone were obtained by using 64-slices spiral CT. At the same time, 20 extraoral dissections of the submandibular region were performed on 10 human cadavers. The origin, pathway, and anatomic relations of the lingual artery in CTA and cadavers were studied. The distance from the origin of the lingual artery to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and tip of the greater horn of hyoid bone were separately measured, and the distance between the segment of the greater horn of hyoid bone of lingual artery and the middle of greater horn of hyoid bone were also measured. And the contrast analysis was carried on the result. RESULTS The lingual artery was mainly come from the external carotid artery (74.4 % in the CTA; 80% in the Cadavers), the next origin was come from the facial artery (23.1 % in the CTA; 20 % in the Cadavers), and it was few to found that the lingual artery had origin in the superior thyroid artery, which was 2.5 % in CTA and none in Cadavers. The path of the lingual artery had high variation, but the position between the segment of the greater horn of hyoid bone of lingual artery and the greater horn of hyoid bone had constancy relatively. The lingual artery run forward with approximation parallel to the greater horn of hyoid bone into tongue,and which located in thesuperior to the greater horn of hyoid bone (2.32?1.29 mm) or in the inferior to the greater horn of hyoid bone (2.00?1.68 mm). The distances from the origin of the lingual artery to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and tip of the greater horn of hyoid bone in CTA and cadavers were (12.93?7.36) mm, (10.40?5.75) mmand (14.80?6.18) mm, (8.35?5.44) mm respectively. CONCLUSION The lingual artery can be show clearly in CTA and can get the anatomy data in physiological condition with CTA.

200 papers on nerve root type cervical spondylosis treated with Chinese medicine were retrieved and 38 papers with complete diagnostic criteria and medical statistics were included for study. The results showed acupuncture, massage, and herbal therapy were three common methods and have their own advantage, but systemic, standardized and normative treatment program was lack. In the meantime of treating nerve root type cervical spondylosis, prevention should also be paid attention. The treatment, prevention and exercise on the whole therapeutic idea should be established, which has far-reaching significance.