Succinic acid is widely used in the field of chemistry and food proces s. Compared to the traditional chemical synthesis, succinic acid production by fermentation has some benefits. The new process with competitive cost uses rene wable agricultural resources including green house gas CO 2 instead of fossil f uels and reduces pollution from chemical synthesis. In this article, research progr e ss in production of succinic acid by fermentation such as microorganisms, metabo lic pathways and its regulation, fermentation and isolation are briefly reviewed .

Objective To observe the change of serum inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 before and after blood transfusion, and analyze the possible pathogenesis of transfusion-associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients who needed blood transfusion in NICU from Janury 2014 to Octorber 2015 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 13 patients had transfusion-ralated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (TRNEC, test group A), and 149 patients didn′t have TRNEC (test group B). In the mean time, 45 NEC patients without blood transfusion in 1 292 patients was as control group A, 30 patients who didn′t receive blood treatment and had NEC was as control group B. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 in four groups were compared. Results The rate of TRNEC was 8.02% (13/162). The rate of NEC was 3.48%(45/1 292), and there was significant difference (χ2=7.79, P<0.01). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 at 24 h and 48 h after blood transfusions in test group A and test group B were increased compared with those in control group B (P<0.01 or<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 at 24 h and 48 h after blood transfusions in test group A were increased compared with those in test group B and control group A (P<0.01 or<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 at 24 h and 48 h after blood transfusions in test group B were decreased compared with those in test group A (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 at 24 h and 48 h after NEC in control group A were increased compared with those in control group B (P<0.05). Conclusions The pathogenesis of TRNEC may have connection with the inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, which are produced in the processing of handling whole blood and the storage of red cell.

The purpose of this paper is to report the research and design of control system of magnetic coupling centrifugal blood pump in our laboratory, and to briefly describe the structure of the magnetic coupling centrifugal blood pump and principles of the body circulation model. The performance of blood pump is not only related to materials and structure, but also depends on the control algorithm. We studied the algorithm about motor current double-loop control for brushless DC motor. In order to make the algorithm adjust parameter change in different situations, we used the self-tuning fuzzy PI control algorithm and gave the details about how to design fuzzy rules. We mainly used Matlab Simulink to simulate the motor control system to test the performance of algorithm, and briefly introduced how to implement these algorithms in hardware system. Finally, by building the platform and conducting experiments, we proved that self-tuning fuzzy PI control algorithm could greatly improve both dynamic and static performance of blood pump and make the motor speed and the blood pump flow stable and adjustable.
Algorithms ; Assisted Circulation ; instrumentation ; Fuzzy Logic ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Magnetics

This paper built the mathematical model of a centrifugal blood pump, which was designed by ourselves, combined it with that of the human cardiovascular system and simulated the coupling system using Matlab. Then we set up the experiment platform, linked the blood pump to mock human cardiovascular system in case of three-stage heart failure, and measured aortic pressure and flow under different speed. The comparison between experiment results and simulation results not only indicates the coupling model is correct and the blood pump works well, but also shows that with the increase of blood pump speed, the pulsation of aortic pressure and flow will be reduced, this situation will affect the structure and function of blood vessels.
Cardiovascular System ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical

Aim The effects of midazolam on the whole-cell sodium currents in rat sympathetic neurons were studied to explore the mechanisms where by midazolam mediates hypotension. Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on enzymatically isolated rat superior cervical sympathetic neurons. Results Midazolam dose-dependently blocked the whole-cell sodium currents evoked by a voltage step to 0 mV from a holding potential of -80 mV with a mean drug concentration required to produce 50% current inhibition (IC50) values of 18.35 ?mol?L-1; Clinically relevant concentration of midazolam(0.3 ?mol?L-1) reduced sodium peak currents by 19.98%(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomical distribution of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity,and compare different therapeutic methods including anticoagulation alone,thrombolysis through dorsal vein and interventional therapy.MethodsThe clinical data,venography and therapies of 204 acute DVT patients were retrospectively studied According to the distribution,DVT were classified into three types including peripheral,central and mixed types.According to the difference of the therapeutic method,each type of DVT was divided into three groups,Group A (37 patients) anticoagulation alone:Group B(55 patients) thrombolysis through dorsal vein:and Group C( 112 patients) interventional therapy.The results of different kind of treatment method in each type of DVT were evaluated before the patients were discharged and the Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results There were 132 patients with DVT in the left lower extremity,62 in right lower extremity,and 10 in both extremities.The complication of pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 4,5 and 2 cases respectively,and the morbidity was 3.0％,8.1％ and 20.0％ ( x2 = 6.494,P = 0.039 ) respectively.There was significant statistical difference among them.There were 23 cases of peripheral type of DVT,48 central type and 133 mixed type.The complication of PE were observed in 2,5 and 4 cases respectively in each type.The morbidity was 8.7％,10.4％ and 3.0％ respectively ( x2 = 4.350,P = 0.114 ).There were no statistical significance among them.In the 23 cases of peripheral type DVTs,2 of 5 in group A and 11 of 18 in group B had excellent therapeutic response.In the 48 cases of central type of DVTs,1 of 10 in group A,2 of 5 in in group B and 26 of 33 in group C had excellent therapeutic response.There were statistically significant differences among groups A,B and C ( x2 = 16.157,P =0.000).In the 133 cases of mixed type DVTs,1 of 22 in group A,10 of 32 in group B and 65 of 79 in group C had excellent therapeutic response.There were statistically significant differences among group A,B and C ( 1,10,65 cases,x2 = 53.993,P =0.000).ConclusionsThe incidence of acute DVT involving the left lower extremity was higher than that involving the right one,and the majority of cases was of the mixed type.The treatment of choice for the central and mixed types was interventional therapy.Analysis of anatomical distribution of deep venous thrombosis can guide treatment planning.

Levoglucosan is the main product derived from pyrolysis of cellulose. A mutant Aspergillus niger CBX-209 could grow on levoglucosan well fermenting it into citric acid with a yield comparable to that on glucose. Levoglucosan hydrolase was absent by measuring glucose formation with the glucose oxidase and peroxidase coupling system. Cell extracts were partly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatograph. Direct formation of glucose 6-phosphate from levoglucosan in the presence of ATP and MgCl2 was observed when it was reacted with partly purified enzyme by a combined strategy of enzymological and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis. These data showed that the mutant used a novel enzyme, levoglucosan kinase, to convert levoglucosan into glucose 6-phosphate. Levoglucosan kinase was an inductive enzyme.
Aspergillus niger ; metabolism ; Enzyme Induction ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; biosynthesis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment

The present paper is aimed to investigate the correlation between the fat mass and the bone mass, and to investigate the effect of leptin on bone metabolism in female ovariectomic rats. Forty Wistar female rats, 6-month-old, were randomly divided into the sham surgical (Sham) group and ovariectomic (OVX) group. The body weight, the fat mass inside the abdominal cavity, the bone mineral density (BMD) were determined by DEXA method, and the concentration of leptin was measured by ELISA after operation. The Rats' body mass in ovariectomized group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the fat mass in abdominal cavity was not increased obviously in ovariectomized group (P = 0.499). The concentration of leptin was no difference between the two groups (P = 0.166). Bone mineral content (BMC)/weight in ovariectomized group was decreased significantly than the sham group (P = 0. 003). The weight at 8th week post-operation was negative correlation with BMC/weight in Sham group and was positive with BMD in OVX group. The fat mass and the leptin concentration were negative correlation with BMC/ weight in Sham group. It was concluded that the fat mass and the leptin were raleted to the BMC/weight.
Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Female ; Leptin ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of new model for tuberculosis (TB) control and management, and provide a scientific basis and justification for making TB control strategies in rural communities.

METHODSAmong those townships with low TB service accessibility by the county TB control institute in Guangxi Xingye county (population of 679 thousands), four townships with total population of 152 518 and inconvenient transportation, were selected as the experimental group to conduct a new model research project.Based on the accessibility for community services, setting diagnosis and treatment management centers in township hospitals, employing family treatment supporters to supervise the treatment process. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the experimental group were 44 and 117. Meanwhile, three townships including Dapingshan, Longan and Gaofeng in the county with the similar condition and total population of 133 303 were selected as the control group. The control group conducted the provisions of national TB control program in the county TB clinic management. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the control group were 56 and 110. By double-direction comparison method, the effect of the new model was evaluated through TB patients detection, treatment outcomes and TB control management data. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was adopted and Chi-square test was used for analyzing technical data.

RESULTSAfter two-year project research implementation, in the experimental group the detection rate of new smear-positive TB patients increased from 16.39/100 000 (25/152 518) to 51.14/100 000 (78/152 518) (χ(2) = 27.281, P < 0.01), the cure rate of new smear-positive cases increased from 71.4% (15/21)to 91.1% (51/56) (χ(2) = 4.812, P < 0.05), and the completing treatment rate in newly diagnosed smear-negative cases improved from 23.5% (4/17)to 71.4% (15/21) (χ(2) = 8.622, P < 0.01); the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases dropped from 23.8% (5/21) to 0.0% (0/56) (χ(2) = 10.608, P < 0.01), and the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-negative cases decreased from 64.7% (11/17) to 4.8% (1/21) (χ(2) = 15.624, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the cure rate of new smear-positive cases in the experimental group, 91.1% (51/56), was higher than the control group, 72.0% (36/50) (χ(2) = 6.531, P < 0.05). The loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases in the experimental group (0.0% (0/56)) was lower than the control group (16.0% (8/50)) (χ(2) = 7.534, P < 0.01). During the project implementation, in the experimental group the on time rate of taking medicine, 91.5% (107/117) and receiving medicine, 100.0% (117/117), the reexamining sputum ratio, 83.6% (98/117) were higher than that in the control group: 81.8% (90/110), 92.7% (102/110) and 64.5% (71/110). The differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.589, 8.820 and 11.005, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe new management model had been proved effective. It can improve TB case detection and cure rates, reduce the loss rate of patients, and improve patient treatment and management conditions as well.

Objective To establish a method performance verification project and experimental method for the clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay.Methods Referring to CLSI evaluation protocols and pertinent literature,and by combining our actual works,we designed a verification procedure and experimental method.By Using these above,the precision,accuracy,analytical sensitivity,analytical measurement range,clinical reportable range and biotic interval of AFP on the Bayer Centaur 240 chemiluminescence immunoassay system were verificated.Results would be compared with the declaration of the manufacturer or desirable specifications derived from biologic variation.Results The results showed that the between-day inaccuracy on AFP levels at 77.4 ng/ml and 168.0 ng/ml was 5.70% and 4.84% respectively,these were consistent with manufacturer's inaccuracy claimed.The relative bias between the results measured for calibrator at four levels and target value was less 5.0%,and the relative bias between the results measured for EQA control sample at five levels and target value was-3.4% to 11.9%.Lower limit of detection was 1.04 ng/ml,lower slightly manufacturer's analytical sensitivity claimed.Biologic limit of detection was 2.65 ng/ml-3.53 ng/ml,functional sensitivity was 3.53 ng/ml.Analytical measurement range was 3.53-912.00 ng/ml,within manufacturer's liner range claimed.Clinical reportable range was 3.53-182 400.00 ng/ml.Reference interval was 0.6-7.7 ng/ml,within manufacturer' s claimed.Conclusions The main performances of the detection system are accorded with the declaration of the manufacturer.The performance verification procedure and experimental method of our research ars simple and practical,which has important significations for building medical laboratory and laboratory accreditation, improving quality of the chemiluminescence immunoassay.