Aim: To prepare ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes, and to study the physicochemical properties and drug release behavior in vitro. Methods: Ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes were prepared by the multiple emulsion method. Single factor experiments were utilized to study the factors which affect the encapsulation efficiency of multivesicular liposomes. The formulation and pharmaceutical process were optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design, with the factors of encapsulation efficiency as the criteria. Three batches of the optimized multivesicular liposomes were prepared, and the encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release behavior were studied. Results: The particle size of the optimized multivesicular liposomes was uniform and 85% of them were well distributed in the range of 7-30 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 90% when the ratios of lipid to drug, phospholipids to cholesterol and the amount of triolein was 1. 328:1(w/w) ,1.5: 1(w/ w) and 6 mmol/L, respectively. The release profile in vitro fitted to a first-order kinetics with the period of release up to 48 h in PBS buffer under 37 ℃. Conclusion: Ropivacaine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes showed high encapsulation efficiency and significant sustained-release feature.

Object To study the chemical constituents of cytotoxicity portion in the bark of Reevesia longipetiolata Merr et Chun Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, such as gel column chromatography under normal pressure and increased pressure, Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography and HPLC, and the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis Results Five compounds were obtained in the ethyl acetate fractions and identified as ? sitosterol (Ⅰ), daucosterol (Ⅱ), betulinic acid (Ⅲ), lupeol (Ⅳ) and (+) catechin (Ⅴ) Conclusion All above compounds are obtained from the plants of Reevesia Lindl for the first time, and their cytotoxicity is discussed

The identiifcation of body lfuid and their tissue resource is an important part of forensic medicine research. Conventional methods have imperfections like high false positive rate and may destroy biomaterial, which should be replaced by a new conifrmatory test. Highly-differentiated cells express speciifc mRNA molecules that can be used for body lfuid identiifcation. These mRNA markers can identify body lfuids like peripheral blood, menstrual blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretion, skin-contact stains. This method have favorable sensitivity, speciifcity and can be detected after years, made it a ideal way to identify current body lfuids in the future. This review focus on the application of mRNA in body lfuid identiifcation and tissue resource.

Objective To investigate the effects of 13-hexyl-berbefine hydroehlofide (HB-13) and 13-hexyl-paimatine hydrochloride (HP-13) on the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations (0.39, 0.78, 1.56 μg/mL) of HB-13 or HP-13 for 120 minutes followed by the stimulation with recombinant human TNF-α for 120 minutes (in phosphorylatEd-IkB-α test) or 15 minutes (in phosphorylated-p38 test). Then, HaCaT cells were disrupted, total protein was extracted, and the expressions of phosphorylated I B-α and phosphorylated p38 were detected with Western blot. HaCaT cells receiving neither pretreatment nor stimulation served as blank control, untreated HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α as stimulator control, and HaCaT cells pretreated with turmeric root tuber and stimulated by rhTNF-α as positive control. Results From 0.39 to 1.56 μg/mL, both HB-13 and HP-13 significantly inhibited the expression of p-IkB-α in HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α, and a nonsignificant dose-dependent trend was observed for their inhibitory effect, with the ICo value being 0.441 μg/mL for I-IB-13 (r = -0.990, n = 3, P > 0.05) and 0.832 μg/mL for HP-13 (r = -0.992, n = 3, P > 0.05). In contrast, neither 1-113-13 nor HP-13 within the experiment concentration range had a significant effect on the expression of p-p38 in HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α (P > 0.05). Conclusions Within the experimental concentration range, both HB-13 and HP-13 can inhibit the activation of NF-kB in HaCaT cells induced by TNF-α signal, but neither of them suppress the phosphorylation of p38MAPK induced by TNF-α signal in HaCaT cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of triptolide on the expression of a series of proteins associated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ)signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods After pretreatment with difrerent dosages of triptolide(10-10-10-7 mol/L),HaCaT cells were stimulated by recombinant human IFN-γ(rhIFN-γ,500 U/mL)for various periods followed by the collection of cells.Then,total protein was extracted from these cells and subjected to Western blotting for the detection of expression of interferon-γ receptor α(IFN-γRα),phosphorylated Janus kinase 2(pJAK2)and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1).Results Triptolide at the concentrations of 10-8 mol/L and 10-7 mol/L significantly inhibited the IFN-γRα expression upregulated by rhIFN-γ(both P＜0.05).The expression of pJAK2 induced bv rhIFN-γ was also suppressed by triptolide at the concentrations of 10-9 moI/L and 10-8 mol/L(both P＜0.05).The inhibition of triptolide on IFN-γRα and pJAK2 expression was dose-dependent and the 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC50 value)were 1.37×10-8 mol/L and 2.83×10-9 mol/L,respectively.On the contrary,triptolide upregulated the expression of SOCS1 stimulated by rhIFN-γ at the concentrations of 10-10,10-9 and 10-8 mol/L(P＜0.05,0.05,0.01,respectively)with the 50%effective dosage(ED50 value)at 3.32 × 10-11 mol/L.Conclusions By inhibiting the expression of IFN-γRα as well as phosphorylation of JAK2 and upregulating the expression of SOCS1,triptolide inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT-1,resulting in the inhibition of genetic transcription of multiple inflammatory factors induced by IFN-γ signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes,and the inhibition probably contributes to the efficacy of triptolide in the treatment of IFN-γ-dependent inflammatory skin disorders,such as psoriasis.

Objective To understand the dynamic changes of snail situation and wild faeces pollution in marshlands in the pilot areas after leveling embankment for flood running and moving people from outside embankment to town for providing the scientific basis of schistosomiasis control in the same type areas. Methods Shishou City,Jiangxia District,Tuanfeng County and Huangzhou District were selected as the pilot areas. Snails were surveyed by the systematic and environmental sampling. Wild faeces were also investigated. The data were processed by Excel. Results Snail areas in Huangzhou Yeluzhou increased by 12.71%,in the others it did not change. For the snail density,there was a decline trend in Jiangxia Sanjiaozhou from 1999 to 2001,but it increased in 2002 obviously;in Huangzhou Yeluzhou it decreased in 2000,but increased again from 2001 to 2002;in Tuanfeng Luohuozhou it was fluctuation;it did not change in Shishou Fuxingzhou. Except Shishou City,the other three sites had infected snails distribution. The densities of wild faeces in the pilot areas were 1.14～15.60/hm~2. The positive rates of wild faeces were 1.35%～37.21%. Conclusion The marshlands in pilot areas were seriously polluted by wild faeces. There seemed to be an increase trend in the snail density. Snail areas did not change significantly in the last few years. However,the high transmission areas will expand. So the snail survey and snail control should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(SC-NE)against Oncomelania hupensis snails in laboratory and field. Methods The experiment of SCNE against the snails by using the immersing and spraying methods was performed in laboratory and field,with control groups of wettable powder of ni-closamide ethanolamine salt(WPN). Results In the laboratory,LC50(s) of SCNE for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were 0.0926,0.0629 mg/L and 0.0549 mg/L,respectively. The mortality rates of snails for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were all 100％ with the concentrations of 0.25 mg/L. The mortality rates of snails were all 100％ while spraying SCNE for 3 d in the laboratory with the concentrations of 0.25 g/m2. In Jiangling County,except 0.5 g/m3 SCNE immers-ing the snails for 24 h,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE with the immersing method were all 100％. While the concen-tration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3 or above,the mortality rates were all 100％after the use of it with the immersion method for 2 d in Gong'an County. In Jiangling County,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE 0.5 g/m3 for 1 d,3 d,and 7 d with the spray-ing method were 87.5％,92.82％and 97.40％respectively. While the concentration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3,the mortality rates were 85.94％,86.78％and 94.21％respectively after the use of it with the spraying method for 1 d,3 d,7 d in Gong'an Coun-ty,and the molluscicidal effect of SCNE(1.0 g/m2)was higher than that of WPN. Conclusion SCNE has a high molluscicidal effect in the laboratory and field,and it is a novel and simple formulation of niclosamide.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and early functional outcomes in young patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, consecutive young patients (18-45 years old) with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge or on the 14th day of hospitalization (whichever occurs first), the patients were divided into poor outcome group ( > 2) and good outcome group (0-2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between the serum ALP level and outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of baseline serum ALP level for poor outcomes. Results A total of 200 young patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, and 138 (69. 0％) in the good outcome group and 62 (31. 0％) in the poor outcome group. Univariate analysis showed that the serum ALP level (87. 72 ±25. 60 U/L vs. 81. 70 ±22. 95 U/L; t = -4. 464, P < 0. 001) and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (median and interquartile range: 9 [8- 12] vs. 2 [1-4]; Z = -10. 540, P < 0. 001) in the poor outcome group were significantly higher than those in the good outcome group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high serum ALP levels (odds ratio 1. 030, 95％ confidence interval 1. 001-1. 060; P = 0. 040) and high baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio 2. 387, 95％ confidence interval 1. 799-3. 142; P < 0. 001) were the independent risk factors for early poor outcomes. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of the baseline serum ALP level predicting poor outcome was 86. 25 U/L, and its sensitivity and specificity were 53. 2％ and 79. 7％, respectively. Conclusions High serum ALP level is independently associated with poor early outcomes in young patients with acute ischemic stroke. Baseline serum ALP level has certain predictive value for poor outcomes.

Objective To establish a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of plague IgM antibody in herding dogs.Methods ELISA plates were coated with serum IgM antibody against dogs and F1 antibody to plague in the serum of herding dogs was detected by a sandwich ELISA.Results A total of 216 serum samples of herding dogs were tested,26 were positive for plague F1 antibody and the positive rate was 12.03％ (26/216); 14 were positive for plague IgM antibody and the positive rate was 6.48％ (14/216); IgM positive accounted for 53.8％(14/26) of all positive samples.Conclusions Serum plague IgM antibody of herding dogs can be used to predict the prevalent time and distribution of recent animal plague in plague foci indirectly,and to provide reference information for timely implementation of control measures.

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma admitted to the urology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis was discussed with the literature review. Radical resection of the left testicle and high ligation of the left spermatic cord were performed. Postoperative pathology was spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma. Its clinical manifestations are painless masses, which are mainly confirmed by pathological examination. The treatment is mainly radical resection, and postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis and reduce recurrence.