In condition of direct vision on hindus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches hindus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this article, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.
Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Retina ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

In condition of direct vision on fundus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches fundus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this ar-ticle, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.

P2 X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels;and is one subtype family of the P2X purinergic receptor.Signaling pathways of P2X7 receptor couple with several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β;IL-6 and COX-2;which suggests that P2 X7 receptor plays a key role in the development of dis-eases via increased inflammation;indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Recent studies show that P2 X7 receptor has a relationship with renal diseases.This article reviews the effect of P2 X7 receptor on renal diseases and its mechanism.P2 X7 receptor may be a new drug target;and its selectivity antagonist may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-motor symptoms ( NMS) in early stage newly diagnosed Parkinson 's disease ( PD) patients in different age group and different subtypes .Methods Total 96 newly diagnosed PD patients without taking any drugs and 102 normal controls were collected in outpatient visits , and their clinic information and related scales were evaluated and compared .Results Ninety-one(93.83%) PD patients had at least one NMS, common symptoms were, in order, recent memory (70.83%,68 cases)、constipation (48.96%,47 cases)、attention dysfunction (47.92%,46 cases), and they were significantly higher than PD group (all P<0.01).The incidence of anxiety and panic in patients≤60 years old was significantly higher than that in patients>60 years old (P<0.01).The incidence of urgency in rigidity type was significantly higher than in tremor type(P<0.01).Conclusions NMS in patients with newly diagnosed PD are complex and diverse .The performance in different age groups and different clinical subtypes are also different .

70% . The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT was set at 10 ml? kg-1 and respiratory rate at 12 bpm. End-tidal PCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. End-tidal PCO2, SpO2, ECG and BP were continuously monitored. The respiratory function and mechanics were measured using respiratory monitor CP-100 (BICORE) before and after pneumoperitoneum (intra-abdominal pressure reached 15 mm Hg) and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 min after vecuronium. The respiratory parameters measured included inspiratory and expiratory VT ( VTi, VTe) , minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rate (PIFR,PEFR), PEEP, auto-PEEP, pressure-time product (PTP), inspiratory-time ratio (TI/TTOT ), rate/VT ratio, average airway pressure (PAWM), esophageal pressure (PES), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), dynamic compliance (CDyn), airway resistance (RAw ) and work of breathing. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of different doses of vecuronium on respiratory function and mechanics including all parameters measured at all time points among the three groups. Mean airway pressure, esophageal pressure peak inspiratory pressure, airway resistance and work of breathing increased significantly but dynamic compliance decreased significantly after CO2 penumoperitoneum. Conclusion Intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation significantly attect respiratory mecnanics. me effect of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics can not be prevented or attenuated by increasing the dose of muscle relaxant.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the association between RANKL rs7984870 C ＞G polymorphism and the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese Han population.MethodsGenotypes were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method in 214 rheumatoid arthritis cases and 478 controls.ResultsThe RANKL rs7984870 C＞G genotype frequencies were 27.3% ( CC),51.2% ( CG),21.5% (GG) in the rheumatoid arthritis group and 25.3% (CC),49.1% (CG),25.7% (GG) in the control group respectively; Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk associated with RANKL rs7984870 C＞G variant genotype was 0.78 (95% CI =0.49-1.24) for RANKL rs7984870 GG compared with its wild-type homozygote.ConclusionRANKL rs7984870 polymorphism may not serve as a risk factor of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility.Further functional studies are warranted to verify our findings.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). Methods 39 patients with pathologically proven FBD were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging protocol consisted of pro-contrast imagings and bilateral breast volume im-aging for breast assessme NT(VIBRANT). MRI features were interpreted based on the morphologic and enhancement kinetic de-scriptors defined on ACR DIRADS-MRI lexicon. Results There were 3 types on ACR BI-RADS-MRI lexicon in FBD,including 13 focal mass-type showing malignant enhancement kinetic pattern mostly;15 cyst-type with non-enhancement or mild enhance-ment,of them,1 case with periductal mastiffs showing strong enhancement and rapid up-slope and wash-out mimicking a breast cancer. 6 non-mass type usually showing benign enhancement kinetic pattern. In 5 patients,MRI did not show definite abnormal evi-dence. Conclusion MRI is of significant value in diagnosing FBD.

Objective To investigate the effect of high uric acid(HUA) on insulin sensitivity (IS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with HUA with or without NAC,and then stimulated by insulin. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was detected by CCK-8 assay. The glucose consumption was measured by glucose oxidase method. The levels of phospho-IRS-1,phospho-Akt and GluT4 protein were tested by western blot. Results HUA could inhibit insulin-induced glucose consumption,phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308),dephosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser307) and the GluT4 protein expression (P<0.05). All the above could be blocked by NAC(P<0.05). Conclusion HUA can inhibit inulin stimulated IRS-1/Akt signaling and GluT4 expression,and thus induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Objective To investigate the MRI characteristics of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS),and to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.Methods The clinical and MRI data of 4 cases with LGESS confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All cases underwent conventional MRI scans.Results All 4 cases had enlarged uterus in different degrees. The average diameter of lesions was 9 cm (range from 5 cm to 12.1 cm).Uterine cavity masses were found in 3 cases,all of which were solid masses and invaded into myometrium exhibiting disconnection or disappearance of the connection band of uterus,and one of which involved the bladder and right ureter,oviduct and ovary.The solid tumors in 3 cases showed isointensity on T1 WI and slight hyperin-tensity on T2 WI,1 of which was heterogenous with dilated vascular void signal in the inner and peripheral portion.In addition, myometrial mass was found in 1 case,which was cystic with septum and clear boundaries.The cystic tumor showed hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with hypointensive internal septum.There were 3 cases accompanied with uterine leiomyoma, and 1 case with pelvic lymph node metastasis.Conclusion Most of endometrial stromal sarcomas are located in uterine cavity,a few in myometrium.The tumors are solid,few can also show cystic,showing invasive growth into myometrium.The manifestation of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma has a certain characteristics on MRI,which is low or iso-signal intensity on T1 WI and high signal intensity on T2 WI,the signal intensity may be heterogeneous,so MRI can provide help for the correct diagnosis of the disease.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Shenxin Capsules.Methods The contents of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Shenxin Capsules were determined by HPLC with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile- 0.05 % phosphoric acid water solution (95 ∶ 405) and UV detection wavelength at 203 nm .Qualitative analysis of Radix Ginseng, Cornu Saigae Tataricae and Herba Asari in Shenxin Capsule was carried out by TLC. Results Ginsenoside Rg1 showed a good linearity in the range of 1.032～ 9.288 ? g( r=0.9998, n=5) , the average recovery being 99.76 % and RSD being 2.10 % . Ginsenoside Re showed a good linearity in the range of 0.850～ 7.650 ? g( r=0.9998, n=5) , the average recovery being 96.24 % and RSD being 1.67 % . The chromatographic spots of Radix Ginseng, Cornu Saigae Tataricae and Herba Asari were identified without the interference of negative control .Conclusion The method is accurate , reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Shenxin Capsules.