P2 X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels;and is one subtype family of the P2X purinergic receptor.Signaling pathways of P2X7 receptor couple with several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β;IL-6 and COX-2;which suggests that P2 X7 receptor plays a key role in the development of dis-eases via increased inflammation;indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Recent studies show that P2 X7 receptor has a relationship with renal diseases.This article reviews the effect of P2 X7 receptor on renal diseases and its mechanism.P2 X7 receptor may be a new drug target;and its selectivity antagonist may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal diseases.

In condition of direct vision on fundus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches fundus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this ar-ticle, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-motor symptoms ( NMS) in early stage newly diagnosed Parkinson 's disease ( PD) patients in different age group and different subtypes .Methods Total 96 newly diagnosed PD patients without taking any drugs and 102 normal controls were collected in outpatient visits , and their clinic information and related scales were evaluated and compared .Results Ninety-one(93.83%) PD patients had at least one NMS, common symptoms were, in order, recent memory (70.83%,68 cases)、constipation (48.96%,47 cases)、attention dysfunction (47.92%,46 cases), and they were significantly higher than PD group (all P<0.01).The incidence of anxiety and panic in patients≤60 years old was significantly higher than that in patients>60 years old (P<0.01).The incidence of urgency in rigidity type was significantly higher than in tremor type(P<0.01).Conclusions NMS in patients with newly diagnosed PD are complex and diverse .The performance in different age groups and different clinical subtypes are also different .

In condition of direct vision on hindus of eye, microperimeter can quantitatively detect the retinal light sensitivity of macular area, and record real time tracking of the eye, automatically analyze the location and stability of fixation. Microperimeter matches hindus image with micro cyclogram point-to-point, thus it achieves the combination of visual function and structure. The characteristics of microperimeter have good relations with subjective vision, so it can be a new method for the accurate vision evaluation and has application potential to assess the visual function in legal medicine. In this article, we summarize the principle, method and parameters of microperimeter. Also, the applications of microperimeter in vision assessment are focused in order to provide a reference for the assessment of visual function in the legal medicine.
Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Retina ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

70% . The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT was set at 10 ml? kg-1 and respiratory rate at 12 bpm. End-tidal PCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. End-tidal PCO2, SpO2, ECG and BP were continuously monitored. The respiratory function and mechanics were measured using respiratory monitor CP-100 (BICORE) before and after pneumoperitoneum (intra-abdominal pressure reached 15 mm Hg) and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 min after vecuronium. The respiratory parameters measured included inspiratory and expiratory VT ( VTi, VTe) , minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rate (PIFR,PEFR), PEEP, auto-PEEP, pressure-time product (PTP), inspiratory-time ratio (TI/TTOT ), rate/VT ratio, average airway pressure (PAWM), esophageal pressure (PES), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), dynamic compliance (CDyn), airway resistance (RAw ) and work of breathing. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of different doses of vecuronium on respiratory function and mechanics including all parameters measured at all time points among the three groups. Mean airway pressure, esophageal pressure peak inspiratory pressure, airway resistance and work of breathing increased significantly but dynamic compliance decreased significantly after CO2 penumoperitoneum. Conclusion Intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation significantly attect respiratory mecnanics. me effect of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics can not be prevented or attenuated by increasing the dose of muscle relaxant.

Objective 　To discuss the relation of c-FOS proteion expression in lymphocyte to its cellular immune. Methods　To analyze the schizophrenic lymphocyte membrane markers CD+3,CD+4,CD+8 and lymphocyte transforming test, and also examine c-fos protein expression in PBC under SCH serum. Results　The result was that LTT and c-FOS protein were significantly decreased in drug-free, first episode SCH. Conclusions　The c-FOS superexpression may be related to lymphocyte immune depression of SCH.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the association between RANKL rs7984870 C ＞G polymorphism and the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese Han population.MethodsGenotypes were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method in 214 rheumatoid arthritis cases and 478 controls.ResultsThe RANKL rs7984870 C＞G genotype frequencies were 27.3% ( CC),51.2% ( CG),21.5% (GG) in the rheumatoid arthritis group and 25.3% (CC),49.1% (CG),25.7% (GG) in the control group respectively; Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk associated with RANKL rs7984870 C＞G variant genotype was 0.78 (95% CI =0.49-1.24) for RANKL rs7984870 GG compared with its wild-type homozygote.ConclusionRANKL rs7984870 polymorphism may not serve as a risk factor of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility.Further functional studies are warranted to verify our findings.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Shenxin Capsules.Methods The contents of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Shenxin Capsules were determined by HPLC with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile- 0.05 % phosphoric acid water solution (95 ∶ 405) and UV detection wavelength at 203 nm .Qualitative analysis of Radix Ginseng, Cornu Saigae Tataricae and Herba Asari in Shenxin Capsule was carried out by TLC. Results Ginsenoside Rg1 showed a good linearity in the range of 1.032～ 9.288 ? g( r=0.9998, n=5) , the average recovery being 99.76 % and RSD being 2.10 % . Ginsenoside Re showed a good linearity in the range of 0.850～ 7.650 ? g( r=0.9998, n=5) , the average recovery being 96.24 % and RSD being 1.67 % . The chromatographic spots of Radix Ginseng, Cornu Saigae Tataricae and Herba Asari were identified without the interference of negative control .Conclusion The method is accurate , reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Shenxin Capsules.

The progression of immunotherapy in Alzheimers disease was summarized,including active and passive immunotherapy. The therapeutic effect and side effects were indicated. The model of action and strategies for solution of side effects were analyzed.

Objective To investigate and analyze the state of injury and treatment for the patients with maxillofacial injuries in Wenchuan earthquake, and search for more effective methods for treating maxillofacial injury. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients wounded in Wenchuan earthquake were admitted to authors' hospital, and they received specialized diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the emphasis was put on those patients with severe ear-nose-throat and maxillofacial injuries. Based on the analysis of the state of injuries, the patients were treated with debridement and suture, reshaping and suture, reduction and fixation of fracture, or local or systematic anti-infection therapy. All the treated patients were followed up 2 weeks after treatment. Results Thirty-three of the 165 admitted patients suffered from various degrees of maxillofacial injury (20.0%), including 10 cases of ear injuries (6.1%), 8 cases of nasal trauma (4.8%) and 2 cases of lip laceration (1.2%). All the wounds healed by primary intention after the treatment with no disfiguration. 8 cases of nasal sinus and zygomatic fractures (4.8%) and 5 cases of mandibular fracture (3.0%) recovered nicely after the treatment. No trauma was found in throat, neck, trachea and esophagus. 6 patients (3.6%) were complicated with infection after injury (onset of infection outside of hospital). There was no death. Conclusion Patients with maxillofacial injury should receive early and appropriate treatment. Besides restoration of function, it is also important to restore the physiognomy