OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of antibacterials in patients accepted operation in grass-roots(hospitals),so to standardize the application of antibacterials and cut down the medical cost.METHODS Full-time administrators for nosocomial infection investigated the application of antibacterials in patients who accepted(operation) in Sep 2004,and filled in the questionnaires.RESULTS In 1 383 cases of 11 hospitals the application rate of antibacterials was 98.63%;in which 86.50% were for prophylactic usage and 13.50% for therapeutic usage;(29.90%) for single antibiotics treatment and 50.15% for bigeminy,18.70% were for trigeminy.Time of(application) differentiated(6.90,7.00,6.60d) fromⅠto Ⅲ kinds of operation.Per capita cost of antibacterials was $956.50(47.60%).CONCLUSIONS High cost of antibacterials results from such factors as multiple kinds,long time and(combined) application.

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sclerosis ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate efficacy of routine cleaning and disinfection methods for incubators,and put forward a feasible improvement solution.Methods 30 incubators used in a neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital between Decem-ber 2013 and June 2014 were chosen and randomly divided into baseline,control,and trial groups(10 incubators in each group).Baseline group and control group were disinfected by routing disinfection method (wiping internal and external sur-faces of incubators with water and chlorine-containing disinfectant),trial group adopted intensified disinfection method (wi-ping internal surfaces of incubators with alcohol)on the basis of routine disinfection,disinfectant efficacy of three groups were compared.Results In baseline group,unqualified incubators were initially detected on the fourth day of monitoring, all incubators were contaminated in varying degrees on the seventh day of monitoring,the detection rate of unqualified spec-imens was 31.43% (88/280).The median time for the initial detection of unqualified incubators in control group and trial group were on the fifth day and seventh day respectively,there was significant difference between two groups(χ2 =12.38, P <0.05);The unqualified rate of trial group was significantly lower than control group (15.36%[43/280]vs 32.86%[92/280],χ2 =23.43,P <0.05 ).Conclusion Intensified disinfection with alcohol on the basis of routine disinfection method can effectively improve the disinfectant efficacy of the surface of incubators,it is convenient,inexpensive and safe, and worth to be popularized in primary hospitals.

Bacterial biodiversities of microbial mat and sediments, which were sampled from thermal springs of Tengchong Rehai in Yunnan, were preliminarily studied with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Directly extracted total DNA from environmental samples amplified by PCR with two sets of bacteria-specific primers. The PCR products, which include the V 8 and V 9 high-variable regions respectively, were analyzed by using DGGE. The DGGE profiles not only indicated the existence of higher levels of bacterial diversity, but also showed that the microbial mat and sediments have different dominant bacteria. Furthermore, the bacterial PCR-DGGE displayed clear profiles of bacterial structure selected by the key abiotic factors of the extreme environments, such as temperature and concentration of oxygen.

Objective To analyze the safety and diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided biopsy with simple biopsy clip in children.Methods Under simple biopsy clip 52 cases were performed percutaneous renal biopsy.Then the curative rate and the incidence rate of complications were evaluated.Results Of 52 cases,49 cases(94.23%) gained enough renal tissue specimen for histological evaluation;Three failed cases occurred at early stage,nothing was found at later stage.The main complication was macroscopic hematuria occurred only once or twice after the operation and perirenal hematoma in 1.92% of the cases.No other severe complications were found.Conclusions The biopsy clip is convenient and sterile,and can guide the biopsy device exactly and safely.The use of 18-gauge biopsy gun and the automated biopsy device in children can decrease the complication rate,which can be easily performed.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; chemically induced ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Female ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type ; analysis ; Neurotensin ; analysis ; Rabbits

This paper is to evaluate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of a new Ni-free Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG), Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3, by comparing it with conventional Ti6Al4V alloy. According to ISO 10993-5: 1999 and GB/T 16886.5-1997 standards, Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3, pure Zr and Ti6Al4V materials were extracted with surface area of sample/volume of medium ratio being 1 cm2/mL and 0.5 cm2/mL, respectively. The viabilities of MG-63 cells (Human osteosarcoma cell line) cultured in the BMG medium extracts for 1, 3 and 5 days were determined by CCK-8 assay. The cellular morphology of MG-63 cells cultured on the surface of samples for 3 days was tested through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative growth rate (RGR) of MG-63 cells cultured in Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3 and pure Zr were both more than 85%, indicating that the cytotoxicity of BMG was relatively low and met the national biomedical material eligibility standard. There was insignificant difference in the morphology of MG-63 cells cultured in the BMG medium extracts and the control group through LSCM and SEM, which showed the BMG had excellent biological compatibility. The Zr-based bulk metallic glass Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3 and the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy both had no obvious cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells. These results provided evidence that the new Zr-based bulk metallic glass could be potential replacement material for the orthopedic surgical implant.
Alloys ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Line ; Glass ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nickel ; Titanium ; Zirconium

Objective To study the radiosensitizing effect of nano-gold nano-silver particles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro and the possible mechanisms.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to determine the killing effect of nano-gold and nano-silver particles in HepG2 cells.Flow-cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.ELIASA was used to determine the content of catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and total glutathione (GSH).Results Nano-gold and nano-silver particles inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 of 6.51 μg/ml and 2.47 μg/ml,respectively.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells.Obtained by Dq,the SER of 1/5 IC50 nano-gold and nano-silver particles were 1.37 and 1.48,and 1/10IC50 with 1.11 and 1.09.Nano-gold and nano-silver particles increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax and reduced the exprcssion of Bcl-2.CAT,SOD and total GSH were significantly reduced.Conclusions Nano-gold and nano-silver particles can enhance the radiation sensitivity of HepG2 cells.Specific sensitizing mechanism may be the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the induction of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic pathways,which ultimately induces apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevention effect of aqueous extract of Epimedii sagittatum (ESE) on ovariectomy-induced (OVX) bone loss in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into sham-operated and OVX groups. The OVX rats were divided into four groups treated with distilled water, 17beta-estradiol (1 mg/kg, ig) and ESE (0.5 and 1 g/kg, ig) for 11 weeks. Serum calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, bone gla protein concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. Bone density was assayed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphysical sections were cut and stained for the bone histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In OVX rats, alkaline phosphatase activity in serum was markedly increased by ESE treatment, which had no obvious influence on the body weight. Meanwhile, atrophy of uterus and descent of bone mineral density were suppressed by ESE treatment. In addition, ESE completely corrected the decreased concentrations of calcium and E2 in serum observed in OVX rats. Histological results also showed ESE prevented the increases in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in OVX rats whereas it did not alter trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in OVX rats. Moreover, ESE had remarkable effect on bone formation rate with bone volume as referent (BFR/BV) and bone formation rate with bone surface as referent (BFR/BS). CONCLUSION: The findings assessed on the basis of biochemical test, bone mineral density and histomorphometric parameters show that aqueous extract of Epimedii sagittatum has a definite antiosteoporotic effect and can prevent the OVX-induced bone loss in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 )-mimetic hypoxia on theproliferation,apoptosis and migration of human pancreatic cancer cell fine PANC1.MethodsPANC1 cells were treated with 0(control),100,200,400,800 μmol/L CoCl2 respectively for 24 h.Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine hypoxia induced factor ( HIF)-1o mRNA and protein expression respectively,and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assays,flow cytometry and cell scratch test were used to examine the proliferation,apoptosis and migration of PANC1 cells,respectively.ResultsIn the control group and 100,200,400 and 800 μmol/L CoCl-2 groups,the expressions of HIF-1t mRNA were 1,1.08 ±0.12,1.12 ± 0.09,1.04±0.11,0.66 ±0.07,and the expressions of VEGF mRNA were 1,2.69±0.35,4.81 ±0.54,2.19 ± 0.21,0.79 ± 0.08,while the expressions of HIF-1 α protein were 0.23 ± 0.03,0.36 ± 0.04,1.15 ± 0.11,1.08 ± 0.09,0.44 ± 0.04; and the expressions of VEGF protein were 0.14 ± 0.02,0.12 ± 0.01,0.95 ±0.09,0.87 ±0.09,0.55 ±0.06; and cell viability rates were 100％,(98.43 ±2.88)％,(76.15 ± 0.70)％,(53.87 ±0.77)％,(35.23 ±0.67)％ ; while cell apoptotic rates were (5.2 ±1.12)％,(5.74 ± 1.07)％,(6.82 ± 1.85)％,(12.09 ±3.53)％,(31.88 ±6.95)％ ; the cell migration distance of PANC1 cells were (43.24 ±3.67)％,(59.46 ±5.39)％,(80.56 ±8.05)％,(63.89 ±5.96)％,(9.09 ± 1.59 ) ％.Compared with those of control group,the expressions of VEGF mRNA,VEGF and HIF-1 α protein,cell migration distance showed a two-way variation ( ascending first and descending later) (P ＜0.05 ),and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and cell proliferation rate was decreased in a dose-dependent manner,while the cell apoptosis was increased in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions CoCl2 significantly inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of PANC1 cells at certain level.CoCl2 has a two-way effect on the migration of PANC1 cells,and it may be related to the direct injury of high concentration of CoCl2 on cells.