Objective To investigate the difference of short-term clinical efficacy between decompressive laminectomy into In-Space and simple decompressive laminectomy for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability.Methods Thirty-three patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with vertebral instability admired from May 2009 to July 2010,were divided into two groups by random number table.Group A of 16 cases was treated with laminectomy decompression and placement In-Space,group B of 17 cases was treated with laminectomy decompression.Lumbar anteroposterior,lateral and flexion-extension X-ray films,preoperatively,and the follow-up were used to measure anterior and posterior disc height,foraminal height,segmental lordotic angle at surgical level.Using Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results All patients were followed up for (13.20 ± 2.91 ) months (range 6 to 21 months).The anterior disc height after operation of group A was slightly decreased compared with the preoperative(P＞ 0.05 ),the posterior disc height at 1 day after operation and foraminal height after operation of group A were significantly increased compared with the preoperative (P＜ 0.05).The anterior and posterior disc height,foraminal height of group B at 1 day,1 month,3 months after operation were no significantly different compared with the preoperative (P ＞ 0.05 ),at 6 months after operation and the end of follow-up were significantly decreased compared with the preoperative or 1 day after operation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Activity of lumbar vertebra by preoperative 9.86° ± 1.90° decreased to the end of followup 5.60° ± 2.02°in group A,while activity of lumbar vertebra by preoperative 9.89° ± 2.00°increased to the end of follow-up 10.76° ± 3.14° in group B.At the end of follow-up,lumbar back pain VAS,ODI score [ (2.02 ± 1.98 ),( 20.18 ± 18.80) scores ] of group A were significantly lower than those of group B [ (4.15 ±2.36),(30.39 ± 16.62 ) scores ],the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).No patient suffered In-Space loosening,fracture and emerge.Conclusion The operation of In-Space can maintain spinal mobility and stability as well as avoiding lumbar vertebral instability,and its short-term efficacy is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the effect of bone cement distribution on efficacy of vertebroplasty.Methods From January 2013 to June 2016,a total of 132 cases (132 vertebrae) with single segment osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures underwent parallel vertebroplasty surgery,and there were 57 male,75 female,with an average age of (71.6±2.2) years old (ranged from 65 to 86 years old).On the basis of the postoperative X-ray films of bone cement distribution were divided into 3 groups.The bone cement was biased to the lateral side of the vertebral body (partial group,35 cases),the bone cement was over the vertebral midline,but not completely filled with contralateral vertebral body (near midline group,46 cases),and the bone cement was filled with bilateral vertebral body (bilateral group,51 cases).There were 15 males and 20 females in the partial group,aged (70.3±5.3) years old;20 males and 26 females in the proximal midline group,aged (72.1±3.2) years old;22 males and 29 females in the bilateral group,aged (71.2±4.6) years old.Local anesthesia was used to make the patient prone to operate on the operating bed.The head and tail of the bed were increased at the same time slightly and vertebral compression fractures reduction was performed.Bone cement was injected into the vertebral body through partial or bilateral transpedicular approach.The visual analogue scores (VAS) were measured of preoperation,postoperation and 3,6,12 months after surgery.Analysis of variance for each group and VAS before and after operation,and postoperative complications were observed too.Results All the 132 cases were followed up for 1-12 months,with an average of (11±0.3) months.There were statistically significant differences in the immediate effect of postoperation among partial group,near middle group and the bilateral group (F=90.472,P=0.000),VAS score in partial group was lower than that in bilateral group (t=11.433,P=0.000),but higher than that in near midline group (t=11.106,P=0.000),and the differences were statistically significant,but there was no significant difference between near midline group and bilateral group (t=0.581,P=0.563).VAS score showed no statistically difference among the three groups 3 months,6 months and 1 year follow-up after operation (F=0.892,P=0.413;F=0.342,P=0.713;F=0.834,P=0.441).In 3 eases of partial group,the pain was not relieved due to unfilled cement until the contralateral bone was injected into the bone cement.However,there were 11 cases of cement leakage in partial group,13 cases in near midline group,and 3 cases in bilateral group.Conclusion The distribution of bone cement is one of the main factors affecting the clinical efficacy after vertebroplasty,and the clinical effect of distributing the midline of vertebral body is better than the one side.

Objective To investigate the clinical data, risk factors for bleeding following endoscopic treatment of colorectal polyps (diameter ≥ 1.0 cm) and feature analysis for carcinogenesis of adenomatous polyps. Method It was analyzed retrospectively that the clinical data, endoscopic characteristics, risk factors for bleeding and features for carcinogenesis of adenomatous polyps in 741 patients with a total of 884 colorectal polyps (diameter ≥ 1.0 cm) of our hospital from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2016, which were resected under endoscope. Result Univariate analysis of colorectal polyps resected under endoscope on intraoperative and delayed bleeding, we found that gender (P = 0.017), location (P = 0.011), size (P = 0.004), lobulated or not (P = 0.010), resection methods under endoscope (P = 0.029) were statistically significant deviation between the two groups; taking the polyp as observation unit,multivariate Logistic regression analysis of their clinical data and endoscopic characteristics, we found gender (P = 0.012, OR^ = 2.671, 95% CI = 1.246 ~ 5.728) was an independent risk factor, men are more prone to bleeding than women; it was a protective factor for the location of polyps is sigmoid colon compared to rectum (P = 0.011, OR^ = 0.348, 95% CI = 0.154 ~ 0.786), and it was a risk factor for the polyps whose diameters ≥ 3.0 cm compared to among 1.0 ~ 1.9 cm. Univariate analysis of the features for carcinogenesis of colorectal adenomatous polyps, we found that surface lobulated or not (P = 0.001), surface smooth or not (P = 0.017), Yamada classification (P = 0.008) were statistically significant deviation, and the logistic regression analysis identified surface lobulation (P = 0.001, OR^ = 6.556, 95% CI = 2.326 ~ 18.475) was an independent risk factor for carcinogenesis of adenomatous polyps. Conclusion Resection of colorectal polyps under endoscope is a safe treatment method. Taking the polyp as observation unit, gender is an independent risk factor of colorectal polyps resected under endoscope on intraoperative and delayed bleeding, men are more prone to bleeding than women; the larger the diameters of polyps are, the higher the bleeding rates could be. Surface lobulation of colorectal adenomatous polyps are more likely lead to carcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the early and long-term results of surgical treatment for complex infective endocarditis with prosthetic valve replacement.

METHODSFifty-seven patients of complex native valve endocarditis, including 25 cases of aortic valve, 16 of mitral valve and 16 of double valves, who underwent operative interventions with prosthetic valve replacement between December 1988 and June 2002, were analyzed retrospectively. Intraoperative findings demonstrated aortic annular abscesses (n = 19), root abscesses (n = 4), mitral posterior annular abscesses (n = 11), myocardial abscesses (n = 6), massive leaflet destruction (n = 32) and valvular vegetations (n = 55). Complex reconstruction of the aortic and mitral annulus was required in 35 patients. Associated procedures included Bentall's procedure (n = 4), aortic valve replacement (n = 21), mitral valve replacement (n = 16) and double valve replacements (n = 16).

RESULTSThe operative mortality was 11%. Complications included low cardiac output syndrome, recurrence of endocarditis, multiple organ failure, ventricular arrhythmia, bleeding, mediastinal infection, respiratory insufficiency and heart block. Follow-up was 100% complete at a mean of 5.93 years. There were five late deaths (3 prosthetic valve endocarditis, 2 valve-related). The NYHA functional status recovered to Class I in 17 patients, Class II in 27 and Class III in 2 at 1 year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the 5-year actuarial freedom from reoperation was (84 +/- 3)%, and actuarial survivorship at 5 years was (61 +/- 9)%.

CONCLUSIONSUrgent or even emergency operation is advocated for complex infective endocarditis. Proper intraoperative reconstruction of the aortic and mitral annulus and optimized perioperative management, especially the strategy for prevention of recurrent endocarditis, are of great importance in achieving satisfied early and long-term clinical outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Bioprosthesis ; Debridement ; methods ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo understand the adverse and curative effects of film coated praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica.

METHODSA questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 to 65 years old inhabitants from epidemic areas of schistosomiasis japonica in Jiangxi, Anhui and Hubei provinces, while indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) was also administrated. The Serological positives were tested by Kato-Katz technique. A total of 509 habitats of serological positives and healthy persons were given praziquantel. 460 targets with no relative symptoms were followed up for adverse effect of drugs in one month and efficacy evaluation of praziquantel was carried out in 104 parasitological positives 3 months post-treatment.

RESULTSThe 84.7% (144/170) individuals thought film coated tablets were no smell or only with little smell while 92.9%(315/339) targets in control group fell that tablets smelled bad. The total side effect rates of film coated praziquantel group and control group in 1-2 hours post-treatment were 20.30% (27/133) and 83.18% (272/327) respectively. There was significantly different between two groups (chi(2) = 164.316, P < 0.05). The adverse effect rates of film coated praziquantel group in neuromuscular system, digestive system and cardiovascular system were 15.79% (21/133), 9.77% (13/133), 2.26% (3/133) individually which were significantly lower than those of control groups with 81.65% (267/327), 49.24% (161/327), 12.84% (42/327) in corresponding systems (chi(2)(neuromuscular system) = 175.188, chi(2)(digestive system) = 62.601, chi(2)(cardiovascular system) = 12.010, P < 0.05). And the adverse effect rate of allergic reaction of film coated group was no significant difference with control group (2.26%(3/133) versus 0.92% (3/327), chi(2) = 1.315, P = 0.235). One day after treatment, the adverse effect rate of film coated tablets of praziquantel decreased to 3.01% (4/133), significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference after 2 weeks treatment while the adverse effect rates decreased to 0.75%(1/133), 0.61% (2/327) in film coated praziquantel group and control group respectively (chi(2) = 0.029, P = 0.642). The curative rates 3 months post treatment were 84.91% (45/51) in film coated tablets of praziquantel group and 82.35% (42/53) in control group without significant difference (chi(2) = 1.536, P = 0.215).

CONCLUSIONThe smell and adverse effects of film coated tablets of praziquantel were decreased significantly and its efficacy for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica was equal to the control tablets. The film coated tablets of praziquantel might be applied in field widely after a further verification.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Praziquantel ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; drug therapy ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish a model of ototoxicity in guinea pigs with acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) and verify the responsible organ of ASNR based on microscopic characteristics of basal membranes, saccules, utricles and ampulla canalis semicircularis of the inner ear.

METHODSTotal of 45 guinea pigs were employed in the experiment, which were randomly divided into the control group (15 subjects, 30 ears) and the deafened group (30 subjects, 60 ears). Each animal experienced auditory brainstem response (ABR). A quick treatment was employed for deafened group consisting of a subcutaneous injection of kanamycin at a dose of 400 mg/kg followed by jugular vein injection of ethacrynic acid at a dose of 40 mg/kg one hour later. The animals were performed ABR test from 7 to 10 days after the drug administration. The deafened group was further divided into ASNR group and non-ASNR group based on the presence of ASNR. All the guinea pigs were sacrificed after ABR tests. The Corti organ, macula sacculi, macula utriculi and crista ampullaris were observed by light microscope.

RESULTSIn the deafened group (60 ears), 3 subjects died postoperatively, 27 subjects (54 ears) provided full data. ASNR was elicited in 19 ears (35.2%, 19/54), the thresholds of ASNR were from 110 to 125 dBSPL with average of (121.7 ± 4.5) dBSPL. ASNR latency ranges were 1.80 - 2.08 ms, the average latency of thresholds were (1.93 ± 0.07) ms. The stretched preparation results: overall hair-cell density of macula saccule, macula utriculi and crista ampullaris decreased in order of normal control group, ASNR group and non-ASNR group. There was no difference between the normal group and ASNR group for cell density of macula saccule. Apart from this, statistical differences were found among other groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe present study evoked ASNR in an ototoxicity guinea pig model which was profound hearing loss with normal saccular function and normal saccular hair cell density. It suggested that ASNR originates from the saccule and have no relation with cochlear, utricle and semicircular canal according to morphological study.

Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Deafness ; physiopathology ; Ear, Inner ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Guinea Pigs ; Reaction Time ; Saccule and Utricle ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mRNA and protein expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in patients with atrial fibrillation.

METHODSTwenty-five patients with rheumatic heart valve disease, 12 in sinus rhythm and 13 in chronic atrial fibrillation (>or= 6 months), underwent transthoracic echocardiography and right and left atrial lateral wall tissue samples were obtained from these patients during mitral/aortic valve replacement operation. Realtime quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of MR in atria specimens. The distribution of MR in human atria was analyzed by specific immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSThe left atrial diameters increased markedly in atrial fibrillation group compared with that in sinus rhythm group (P<0.01). And the results showed that the level of mRNA and protein of MR were increased significantly in atrial fibrillation group compared with those in sinus rhythm group (P<0.01 or 0.05), whereas the expression of mRNA and protein of MR were found to be no difference between left atria and right atria both in fibrillation and sinus groups (all P>0.05). The special immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that MR was abundant in the human atrial myocardium and MRs were located mainly in the cytoplasm of atrial cells, which were more evident in atrial fibrillation group than those in sinus rhythm group.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggested that MRs were upregulated in atrial fibrillation and aldosterone antagonists may be effective in treating atrial fibrillation.

Adult ; Atrial Fibrillation ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the current situation and the cause of schistosomiasis resurgence in order to provide reference for formulation of control strategy.

METHODSData in 1999 - 2003 and baseline data in some areas were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSResurgence was seen in 6.15% (16/260) of the areas and one farm where transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted and 33.33% (21/64) of the areas already under control. Snails appeared to have been rebounded only in six counties (farm) while in thirty two counties that rebound was seen in both snails and disease prevalence. Tendency of increase in the total numbers of patients, acute patients and cattle with schistosomiasis, areas with snails were seen from 1999 to 2003.

CONCLUSIONSEnvironmental, ecological, societal factors such as flood, acequia, lack of expenditure and lack of incentives at work etc. contributed to the resurgence of epidemics in those areas that criteria had been reached. Surveillance and supervision on the sources of infection and snail diffusion, especially in the areas where the transmission of schistosomiasis had already been under control.

Animals ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Disasters ; Disease Reservoirs ; Ecology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Snails ; parasitology

OBJECTIVETo understand the risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) and to provide evidence for the development of control strategy.

METHODSApproaches including epidemiology, immunology and field survey were applied to investigate the potential risk factors which would involve the importation of infectious resources live mobile and migrant population, and livestock in the reservoir area. Meanwhile, observation on survival and reproductive status of snail under simulation habitats was also carried out, using ecological methods on snails. Strategy in preventing the spread of snail as infectious resources was also provided.

RESULTS175 mobile people from schistosomaisis endemic area of were tested and one person showed immunology tests positive with indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and circumoral precipitin test (COPT), with a positive rate of 0.57%. Through the two-year period under observation, data showed that the snails with ribbon/smooth shells could survive and reproduce under habitats of simulation.

CONCLUSIONSOnce the infectious resource of schistosomiasis was introduced into the TGRA, the area became a new schistosomiasis epidemic area in TGRA which called for countermeasures to be taken.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Snails ; parasitology

OBJECTIVETo verify the anti-depression effect of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the medication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

METHODSEighty cases of depression were randomly divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion-medication group (25 cases), an acupuncture-medication group (25 cases) and a medication group (30 cases). SSRIs medication was administered in all of the three groups. Complementarily, in acupuncture-moxibustion-medication group, the needling technique of qi conduction in the Governor Vessel was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), Dazhui (GV 14), etc. Additionally, mild moxibustion was added at Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20). In acupuncture-medication group, acupuncture for qi conduction in the Governor Vessel was only adopted. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used for the evaluation of the total score, the score of each factor before and after treatment separately, and the therapeutic effects were observed among 3 groups.

RESULTSCompared with medication group, the scores of the factors as retardation, sleep, and anxiety/somatization, as well as the total score were all apparently improved in the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with acupuncture-medication group, the scores of sleep and cognition factors as well as the total score in HAMD were much improved in acupuncture-moxibustion-medication group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The remarkable effective rates were 100.0% (25/25), 84.0% (21/25) and 56.7% (17/30) in the three groups separately, in which, the result in acupuncture-moxibustion-medication group was superior to acupuncture-medication group (P < 0.05), and the results of these two groups were superior to medication group (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEither acupunctrure or moxibustion has a definite anti-depression effect based on SSRIs medication, but the coordination of acupuncture and moxibustion achieves a superior efficacy as compared with simple acupuncture therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Depression ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use