Objective To investigate the alleviative effects of lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion. Methods Seventy-two adult SD rats were randomized to 4 groups; sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) group, ischemic postconditioning(IPC) group and lidocaine postconditioning group. The pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min and the reperfusion was taken by removing the clamp for 2 h. At the moment of reperfusion, lidocaine 4 mg/kg was injected as a priming dose following a continuous rate of 4 mg/(kg · h). PaO_2, TNF-α, W/D of left lung, the level of MDA of left lung tissue were measured. At the end of reperfusion left lung was removed for microscopy. Results After reperfusion PaO_2 of lidocaine group was much higher than that of I-R group (P<0.05). Lidocaine postconditioning induced a significant decrease in the level of MDA of lung tissue[(7. 03±1.17) μmol/L] compared with ischemia reperfusion group [(8.77±1.42) μmol/L] (P<0.05). Lidocaine postconditioning resulted in a lower level of TNF-α [(1. 69±0.34) μg/L] than that of I-R group [(2. 52±0. 54) μg/L] (P < 0. 05). Microscopic examination showed that lidocaine postconditioning could decrease the level of edema of left lung and accumulation of neutro-phils. Conclusion Lidocaine postconditioning exerts a protective effect on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury administered in the beginning of reperfusion. The effect may be explained by to the antioxidant effect and the suppression of expression of TNF-α.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of microwave ablation for big liver cancer by using laparoscopy.MethodsFrom August 2000 to October 2006,28 patients with large big liver cancer(over 5 cm in diameter)was treated by microwave ablation under the guidance of a laparoscope.On each tumor nodule,3 to 5 electrode insertions was applied.And for each lesion,the treatment was performed for 1 to 3 times.Results The complete ablation rate of this series was 78.6%(22/28),and the rate of local recurrence was 35.7%(10/28).1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 75.0%(21/28),57.1%(12/21),and 36.4%(4/11),respectively.Conclusions Laparoscopic microwave ablation is safe and effective for liver cancer.The procedure can increased the efficacy of the microwave by enlarging the extent of the ablation.

Objective To investigate the alleviative effects of lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion.Methods Seventy-two adult SD rats were randomized to 4 groups:sham group,ischemia-reperfusion(I-R) group,ischemic postconditioning(IPC) group and lidocaine postconditioning group. The pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min and the reperfusion was taken by removing the clamp for 2 h. At the moment of reperfusion,lidocaine 4 mg/kg was injected as a priming dose following a continuous rate of 4 mg/(kg?h). PaO2,TNF-?,W/D of left lung,the level of MDA of left lung tissue were measured. At the end of reperfusion left lung was removed for microscopy. Results After reperfusion PaO2 of lidocaine group was much higher than that of I-R group(P

Surgical resection of liver diseases such as liver cancer,traumatic hepatic rupture,it was often faced with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the residual liver,which significantly increased the risk of surgical treatment and impact the postoperative recovery of patients.Autophagy was a way of programmed cell death after hepatic ischemia reperfusion.When researching hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury simulated by animal experiments,it ofen detected the level change of autophagy marker molecular LC3-Ⅱ representing the activity of cell autophagy.Now the authors write the research progress of LC3-Ⅱ in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Phages also known as bacteria viruses, are recognized as the most abundant and diverse microbes. This diversity is adapting to the selective pressures such as the prevalence of the phage resistance mechanisms of bacteria. Phages invade and lyse bacterial through six steps (adsorption, injection, replication, transcription translation, assemble, release). Bacteria evolve to many anti-phage mechanisms to avoid phage infection and lysis. This paper focus on a variety of anti-phage mechanisms of bacteria.
Bacteria ; genetics ; virology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriophages ; genetics ; physiology ; DNA Replication ; Evolution, Molecular ; Virus Attachment

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of lactobacillus acidophilus combined with glutathione in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods 120 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were selected,and they were randomly divided into control group (60 patients used glutathione alone) and observation group (60 patients received lactobacillus acidophilus on the basis of control group).The clinical efficacy,liver function index,blood lipid index and the ultrasonography grading of fatty liver before and after treatment of the two groups were compared.Results The clinical total effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 76.67％,91.67％,respectively.The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(x2 =10.52,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of AST,ALT and GGT of the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group and before treatment [(36.89 ± 7.14) U/L,(36.89 ± 7.14) U/L,(36.89 ±7.14) U/L vs.(49.36 ± 11.08) U/L,(45.91 ± 10.24) U/L,(90.28 ± 20.70) U/L;(36.89 ± 7.14) U/L,(36.89 ± 7.14) U/L,(36.89 ± 7.14) U/L vs.(92.90 ± 24.3) U/L,(81.11 ± 17.37) U/L,(147.27 ± 34.19) U/L,t =2.88,2.54,2.91;3.01,3.36;3.18,3.48;3.41,3.87;all P ＜0.05).The levels of TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C of the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those of the control group and before treatment [(1.66 ± 0.42) mmol/L,(4.05 ± 0.77) mmol/L,(1.69 ± 0.60) mmol/L,(2.44 ± 0.38) mmol/L vs.(2.13 ± 0.80) mmol/L,(4.64 ± 0.94) mmol/L,(1.45 ± 0.48) mmol/L,(2.97 ± 0.57) mmol/L;(1.66 ± 0.42) mmol/L,(4.05 ± 0.77) mmol/L,(1.69 ± 0.60) mmol/L,(2.44 ± 0.38) mmol/L vs.(2.71 ± 1.33) mmol/L,(5.42 ± 1.27) mmol/L,(1.08 ± 0.36) mmol/L,(3.49 ± 0.71) mmoL/L,t =2.43.2.13,2.55,2.07;3.02,3.41;3.11,3.65;2.81,3.30;2.87,3.15;all P ＜ 0.05).In the control group,normal in 6 cases,mild in 24 cases,moderate in 21 cases and severe in 9 cases as fatty liver degree;in the observation group,normal in 13 cases,mild in 30 cases,moderate in 13 cases and severe in 4 cases as fatty liver degree.The ultrasonography grading of fatty liver of the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those of control group and before treatment (U =3.74,5.20,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Lactobacillus acidophilus combined with glutathione in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can efficiently promote the recovery process of liver function,regulate blood lipid levels and is helpful to improve the imaging grading.

Objective To observe the analgesic efficacy of epidural morphine for postpartum perineal pain in patients undergoing episiotomy.Methods After institutional reviewing board approval and patient consent,a total of 145 parturients requesting epidural labor analgesia and under-going episiotomy were randomized into three groups:M1,M2,and C,where in morphine 1 mg dis-solved in saline 10 ml,morphine 2 mg dissolved in saline 10 ml,or sole saline 10 ml was epidurally given immediately after umbilical cord clamp,respectively.Perineal pain at rest and movement within 24 hours after vaginal delivery were evaluated with present pain intensity (PPI).Further,the time in-terval between a moderate or severe PPI and epidural drug treatment were recorded.Besides,epidural morphine related side effects including nausea,vomiting,pruritus,and urinary retention were ob-served as well.Results The proportion of patients with moderate or severe pain at rest was signifi-cantly lower in group M2 (2.1%)compared to group M1 (15.7)and group C (19.1%)(P <0.05). Further,the time interval between a moderate or severe PPI and epidural drug treatment was signifi-cantly longer in group M2 (15.7±1.4 h)compared to group M1 (11.0±0.9 h)and group C (11.0 ±1.0 h)(P <0.05).No significant difference was found between groups M1 and group C with regard to morphine efficacy.However,the accumulated side effects including nausea,vomiting,pruritus, and urinary retention prominently increased in group M2 (102.1%)compared to group M1 (43.1%) and group C (12.8%)(P <0.05).Conclusion Although epidural morphine 2 mg may significantly decrease and postpone the occurrence of moderate or severe postpartum perineal pain,however,it de-serves consideration before clinical use owing to the increased side effects.

Objective To discuss the value of echocardiography for the assessment of structure and function of right heart in normal Chinese adults Methods The structure and function of right heart was assessed by echocardiography according to 2010 guideline of American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). The echocardiographic data of right heart of 130 normal Chinese adults were analyzed to acquire the normal reference values of echocardiographic parameters and evaluate the differences of these results among different age groups. Results There were significant differences among different age groups for some of the parameters. Right atrium (RA) transverse diameter was greater in the middle-aged group than that in the young-aged group [(36.90±5.10) mm vs (33.90±5.20) mm, t=-2.79, P=0.006]. RA longitudinal diameter (RAL) and RA area (RAA) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(40.10±5.10) mm vs (42.90±5.10) mm, (43.40±5.60) mm, t=-2.51 and-2.91, P=0.013 and 0.004;(11.90±3.20) mm2 vs (13.40±2.90) mm2, (13.90±3.60) mm2, t=-2.24 and-2.90, P=0.027 and 0.004]. Parasternal long-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PLAX RVOT), parasternal short-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PSAX RVOT) and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(24.20±3.00) mm vs (26.20±2.30) mm, (25.90±2.90) mm, t=-2.80 and-2.32, P=0.006 and 0.022;(24.70±3.00) mm vs (27.20±2.50) mm, (26.90±2.60) mm, t=-4.40 and -3.84, P=0.000 and 0.000; (20.60±2.00) mm vs (22.10±2.70) mm, (21.90±2.10) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.67, P=0.002 and 0.008]. RV lateral wall thickness was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(5.10±0.60) mm vs (5.60±0.60) mm, (5.40±0.70) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.22, P=0.02 and 0.028];DTI e wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(14.90±3.70) cm/s vs (10.90±3.10) cm/s, (11.10±2.60) cm/s, t=5.82 and 5.49, P=0.000 and 0.000]. DTI a wave was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(12.50±3.90) cm/s vs (14.60±3.70) cm/s, (16.60±3.60) cm/s, t=-2.79 and -5.04, P=0.007 and 0.000] and DTI a wave was smaller in the middle-aged group than that in the old-aged group (t=-2.26, P=0.02). Tricuspid E wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(0.61±0.11) m/s vs (0.51±0.11) m/s, (0.48±0.08) m/s, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000]. E/A was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups (1.45±0.30 vs 1.12±0.33, 1.10±0.27, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000). No significant differences were found among different age groups in RV systolic function parameters, whereas a trend of decrease in RV diastolic function was detected. Conclusion Echocardiography can be useful in assessing the structure and function of right heart quantitatively.

Objective To investigate the discriminant analysis model of gray-scale ultrasound (GSUS),contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and the combination of them in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions and the diagnostic values.Methods Ultrasound images of 211 thyroid lesions confirmed by pathology were synthetically reviewed by scoring 5 GSUS indicators including shape (X1),orientation (X2),interior echogenicity (X3),halo sign (X4),and microcalcification (X5),as well as 6 CEUS indicators including relative arrival time of microbubhles in the periphery (X6) and interior (X7),peak periphery (X8) and interior (X9)echogenicity,peripheral ring-enhancement (X10),homogeneity of enhancement (X11).The diagnostic models with their values of GSUS,CEUS and the combination of them were explored by discriminant analysis.Results The discriminant analysis function of GSUS in the diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant lesions was g1 (X) =0.715 X1+0.276X2 + 1.028X3 +1.197X4 +0.923X5-2.202 with the diagnostic value 86.3％,the discriminant analysis function of CEUS was g2(X) =-0.392X6 +0.541X7-0.117X8 +0.562X9 + 1.173X10 +2.200X11-1.956 with the diagnostic value 89.1％,and the discriminant analysis function of the combination of GSUS and CEUS was g3 (X) =0.418X1 + 0.173X2 + 0.626X3 + 0.558X4 + 0.183X5-0.476X6 + 0.474X7-0.071X8 + 0.399X9 + 0.985X10 +1.639X11-2.530 with the diagnostic value 91.0％.Conclusions GSUS and CEUS were valuable in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions,and the combination of GSUS and CEUS was most valuable.

Objective To detect the change of serum cystatine C ( cys C ) level in Parkinson ’ s disease ( PD ) patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) and explore its influencing factors .Methods Fifty-six PD patients with polysomnography examination from July 2011 to December 2013 in the Department of Neurology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were collected.Eighteen healthy controls who took the polysomnography examination during the same period were included.According to the apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI) , PD patients were further divided into two groups:PD with OSAHS group ( n=26 ) , and PD group ( n=30 ).The general conditions , movement function , biochemistry parameters , and sleep parameters were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver 17.0 software.Results The mean serum levels of cys C in PD with OSAHS group , PD group and control group were (1.05 ±0.17) mg/L, (0.96 ±0.12) mg/L and (0.84 ±0.20) mg/L, respectively.Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the three groups (F=9.184,P<0.05), and the mean serum level of cys C in PD with OSAHS group was the highest.In PD with OSAHS group , Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between cys C levels and creatinine levels (r=0.459,P =0.018), urea levels (r =0.405,P =0.040), AHI (r =0.482,P =0.013), the oxygen desaturation index (r=0.408,P=0.038), the arousal index (r=0.392,P=0.047) as well as Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage (r=0.467,P=0.016).Correlation was not observed between cys C levels and other clinical parameters (P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that creatinine levels (B=0.007,P=0.005), AHI (B=0.004,P=0.013) , H-Y stage (B=0.102,P=0.026) may be influencing factors of cys C levels in PD patients (P<0.05).Conclusions Cys C level is elevated in PD patients, especially in PD patients with OSAHS.The degree of hypoxia and severity of PD is related to the level of cys C in PD patients with OSAHS .