Objective Mapping the responsible gene for congenital nuclear cataract in a family for five generations in Yantai City,Shandong Province,China.Methods Family history and clinical data were recorded.9 unaffected members and 13 affected members in this family were involved in the study.The genes of all the involved members were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).28 microsatellite polymorphism in the 15 reported disease loci were used as genetic markers.The PCR products from each DNA sample were separated on a 6% polyacrylamide gel and analyzed.Allele-sharing analysis was carried out for exclusion,and linkage analysis was calculated with the LINKAGE(Version 5.1)package.Direct sequencing was used for GJA3 gene.Results The clinical phenotype in this family was isolated congenital nuclear cataract,the pathogenic nutation of the phenotype of which has not been reported yet.For all the 28 markers around the 15 candidate loci,there was no allele-sharing between the affected family members.At the 0.00 recombination frequency,the LOD score was-∝ in 27 of the 28 microsatellite markers with exception of D11S898.No GJA3 gene mutation was found.It indicated that there was no linkage between these markers and the pathogenic gene in this family.Conclusion The responsible gene for the congenital nuclear cataract in this family is not located on the 15 reported loci,which further indicates the clinically and genetically heterogeneity of inherited cataract,and an important clue is provided for finding more cataract responsible genes.The pathogenic gene in this family should be identified through extensive scanning of genes.

Objective To study the effect of extract of leave ginkgo biloba (EGb) for protection of the motor and sensory neurons axotomy-induced in rats. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180－ 220 g (8－ 9 weeks of age), were randomly divided into control group and EGb24/6 group. Models of sciatic nerve injury were established by transection of left sciatic nerve at 0.5 cm away from the points of muscular innervation. The proximal stump of sciatic nerve was double ligated to inhibit nerve regeneration. The distal end of the nerve was implanted into the biceps femoris. Then 2 ml of normal saline was given to control group, and 2 ml of EGb24/6 to the EGb24/6 groups daily. The rats were sacrificed in 7,14,28 days after surgery respectively, and then 4％ paraformaladehyde was perfused transcardially. The L4－ 6 spinal cord and L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were harvested. HE staining and CV technique were used for detection of the motor neurons and compared with contra-lateral side. TUNEL technique was used for detection of apoptotic motor and sensory neurons. Eletron microscopic technique was used for observation of change of L5 DRG neurons. Result The number of motor neurons was significantly higher in EGb24/6 group in each postoperative period than that in control group (P

500 mg,frequency was reduced in rats treated with tamsulosin (P500 mg,and the combined ?1a/?1dAR antagonist tamsulosin reduces urinary frequency more than the ?1aAR selective antagonist 5MU.This finding supports the hypothesis that the ?1dAR is important in mediating irritative symptoms.

Objective：To study the ultrastructure changes of osteosarcoma cells(OS-732) inactivated by alcohol of two different concentrations and clinical application value.Methods：Osteosarcoma cells(OS-732) were inactivated by 75% and 95% alcohol and observed by light and electron microscope.And its viability was detected by MTT method. Results：Cell internal structure changed significantly and irreversible damage formed. MTT method proved that inactivated cells had no viability.Conclusion：These two inactivation methods were effective. Cell internal enviroment was damaged very seriously and cell was led to death. These two inactivation methods could provide choices for clinical limb protective operation.

The peak level of growth hormone (GH) stimulated by insulin tolerance test (ITT) is thegold standard for diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults.This study was aimed to explore the factors influencing GH response to ITT in 50 healthy adults.The results showed that the nadir or decreased amplitude of blood glucose was not related to GH peak level.In multivariable analysis,the GH level stimulated by ITT was negatively associated with body mass index(P＜0.01),but there was no any association with age,gender,and waist circumference.

Objective To compare the effects of nitinol alloy memorial stent with silastic tube in treating the stenosis of the rabbit.Methods 16 rabbits with external ear canal(EEC) stenosis were randomly divided into two groups.One group was implanted with skin on the EEC wound while the other not.By self-comparison method nitinol alloy memorial stem was implanted in a rabbit's one ear and the silastic tube in the other.After days 5,15,30,and 60 later,the diameters of the external ear canal (with two materials planted) were measured respectively in the skin-planting group.In the naked group scar tissues were harvested and tested separately according to the planting material.HE coloration were used to study fibroblast hyperplasty while RT-PCR were applied to detecting the TGFβ1mRNA expression.The two brackets were compared according to their effect to scar hyperplasty.Results The EEC diameters using nitinol alloy memorial stem were found more spacious than using silastic tube.HE coloration showed the fibroblast hyperplasia was more mitigatory by using the nitinol alloy memorial stent.RT-PCR also found the TGFβ1mRNA expression was low by using same material.Conclusion The nitinol alloy memorial stent shows obvious superiority over silastic tube in external ear canal stenosis therapy.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is widely accepted as one of the most economical and sustainable processes to remove phosphorus from wastewater.Poor performance or complete failure of EBPR processes has been substantially reported because of the proliferation of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the system.This paper presented the GAOs' metabolic mechanism and the impact factors, such as influent substrate, P/C ratio, pH value, temperature and SRT, on competition between GAOs and PAOs to better understand GAOs' characteristics and improve the performance and reliability of EBPR systems.

Objective To prospectively compare the clinical effect of 131I therapy for Graves disease (GD) using the 131I-iodide dose determined by radioactive iodine uptake formula and by individualized experience method respectively.Methods (1) A total of 527 GD patients referred for 131I therapy were enrolled and divided into two groups using interval sampling method.Group 1 consisted of 241 patients with their 131I activity calculated by iodine uptake formula.Group 2 consisted of 286 patients with their 131I activity calculated by individualized method based on clinical experience.(2) The patients who were not cured for the first time were retreated after 3 months in the same way until remission.(3) All patients were followed for more than 1 year after GD was cured.The clinical outcome was compared between the 2 groups.x2 test and two-sample t test were used for data analysis.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,disease course,ATD pretreatment,the time of ATD discontinuation,level of thyroid hormone and autoantibody before 131I therapy,131I uptake rate,size of thyroid and duration of follow-up between the two groups (t=0.156-1.430,x2 =0.159,all P＞0.05).Group 1 had less 131I dose than group 2 ((247.9± 107.3) MBq vs (329.3±177.6) MBq,t=6.102,P＜0.05),fewer patients whose disease was controlled at early stage (x2 =25.279,P＜0.05) and lower remission rate for the first time of treatment (x2 =13.074,P＜ 0.05),but higher repeated treatment rate (t =2.735,P＜0.05) and ratio of hypothyroidism to normalized patients at the first treatment (x2=10.190,P＜0.05).The number of patients with permanent hypothyroidism between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (x2=1.138,P＞0.05).Conclusions The first treatment dose of 131I by individualized experience method is slightly higher than that by radioactive iodine uptake formula.Individualized treatment method for GD based on experience might help to control the GD earlier and improve the one-off remission rate without increasing the rate of hypothyroidism.

Objective To explore the effects of protective lung ventilation strategy applied from anesthesia induction period on lung compliance and oxygenation in patients undergoing gyneco-logical laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 60 female patients underwent gynecological laparo-scopic surgery were randomly divided into protective lung ventilation strategy beginning from induction group (group A),protective lung ventilation strategy beginning after intubation group (group B),conventional ventilation group (group C).All the three groups received intermittent posi-tive ventilation.The oxygen concentration was 100% and oxygen flow rate was 2 L/min,the inhalation and exhalation ratio was 1∶2.Group A was given low tidal volume+low PEEP+lung recruitment ma-neuver (from induction,i.e.after the disappearance of spontaneous breathing,take mask ventilation lasted for 5 minutes with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg,respiratory rate was 1 6 times/min,PEEP was 5 cm H 2 O,which was applied every 30 min);group B was given low tidal volume+low PEEP+lung recruitment maneuver (before intubation:tidal volume was 10 ml/kg,respiratory rate was 10 times/min;after intubation:tidal volume was 6 ml/kg,respiratory rate was 1 6 times/min,PEEP was 5 cm H 2 O,which was applied every 30 min);group C:tidal volume was 10 ml/kg,respiratory rate was 10 times/min.Ppeak,Pmean,CL were recorded at induction (T0 ),after intubation (T1 ),30 min (T2 ),60 min (T3 )during operation,release of pneumoperitoneum (T4 ).The arterial blood gas analysis was performed at T0 ,T1 ,T3 and after extubation (T5 ).Then the oxygenation index (OI)and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt)was calculated.Results The Ppeak and Pmean were significantly higher among the three groups after pneumoperitoneum (T1 ,T2 ,T3 ,T4 )compared with T0 (P <0.05),Ppeak of group C was significantly higher compared with that of group A and group B and Pmean at T2 increased significantly (P < 0.05 );The CL of three groups decreased obviously after pneumoperitoneu (P <0.05),CL of group C was lower significantly than that of group A and group B at T3 ,T4 (P <0.05)while the difference between group A and group B were not significant.The OI of the three groups decreased significantly after exthbation (P <0.05)and the difference among the three groups was not significant.Qs/Qt of three groups increased obviously at T3 and decreased at T5 (P <0.05),Qs/Qt of group C was higher significantly than that of group A and group B at T3 (P <0.05).Only one patient in group C got pulmonary infection.Conclusion Compared with conventional ventilation,the protective lung ventilation strategy can significantly improve the lung compliance and oxygenation function in the patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic efficiency of 18F- FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 99Tcm- MDP whole body bone scan (WBBS) in detecting malignancy.MethodsA total of 71 cases (male 45,female 26,mean age 59.2 ± 15.4 years) with clinically confirmed malignancy underwent both 99TcmMDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging within three weeks.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive and negative prediction value of these two imaging methods in detecting bone metastases were compared based on the results from pathology or clinical follow-up.x2test was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 350 lesions (including primary,second malignancy and benign disease) in 71 patients were eval-uated.81.7％ (286/350) malignant lesions were identified by either 99Tcm-MDP WBBS (209/350,59.7％ ) or 18F-FDG coincidence imaging ( 141/350,40.3％ ) (x2 =25.65,P ＜ 0.01 ).The imaging findings of osteoblastic,osteolytic,mixed types of bone metastases by99Tcm-MDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging were significantly different (x2 =20.78,2.89 and 9.94,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,false-positive,false-negative,positive and negative predictive values for detecting bone metastases by 18 F-FDG coincidence study and 99Tcm-MDP WBBS were as follows:11.72％ ( 15/128),91.67％(22/24),24.34％ (37/152),8.33％ (2/24),88.28％ (113/128),88.24％ (15/17),16.30％ (22/135) ; and 53.91％ (69/128),75.00％ ( 18/24),57.24％ (87/152),25.00％ (6/24),46.09％ (59/128),92.00％ (69/75),23.38％ ( 18/77 ).The sensitivity,accuracy,false-negative,positive-predicting value of the two methods had been significant different (x2 =32.70- 46.21,all P ＜ 0.01 ).When two methods were combined,the diagnostic efficiency could been improved.ConclusionThe 99Tcm-MDP WBBS and 18F-FDG coincidence imaging has a complementary role in detecting bone metastases.