Objective To observe the clinical effect of headless compression Screw (HCS)under arthroscope in the treat-ment of patella fracture.Methods Nineteen patients of patella transverse fractures were selected,all of them were treated with HCS fixation under arthroscope,reviewed and followed-up after surgery.Results X-ray examination after surgery of 3 -5 weeks found that the fracture lines blurred or disappeared,and the patella articular surface was smooth without displacement.The healing time of fracture was 8 weeks on average after operation;There was no statistical difference in the range of the knee joint in the af-fected side in (135.42±5.82)°and the contralateral side in (139.38±6.55)°(P >0.05);The knee Lysholm score of the last follow-up was 86-100 points[(93.7±4.14)points],which was significantly higher than the preoperative score of 65.7 (P <0.05);There was no fracture displacement in the period of followed-up,drop of internal fixator,fracture and other complications.Conclusion HCS fixation under arthroscope in treatment of patella fracture is effective.The joint function recovered quickly with less complica-tion.It could be one of the effective methods for the treatment of patella transverse fracture.

Objective To explore the clinical results of the arthroscopic acromioplasty in the rotator cuff repair.Methods Sixty-five patients (42 males and 23 females) to receive suture bridge repair under the arthroscopy between May 2012 and May 2014 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was given suture bridge repair with acromioplasty,while the control group underwent the suture bridge repair without acromioplasty.The time of operation was recorded.The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder,the UCLA shoulder scoring system (ULCA) score,American orthopedic surgeon scoring system (ASES) score,the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Constant score were observed 3 and 12 months after the operation.Results There were no significant differences in age,sex and the affected side between the two groups.Significant differences were found between the two groups in the duration of the operation (t=-18.5,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the ROM and the ULCA,ASES,VAS and constant scores of the shoulder 3 and 12 months after the operation.Conclusion No significant differences were found in the ROM and the shoulder function scoring between giving acromioplasty under the arthroscopy or not.However,the operation time of undergoing acromioplasty under the arthroscopy was longer.

Background Human limbal allograft transplantation or limbal autograft transplantation are the primary approaches to the severe corneal-blindness,but their application in clinic were limited because of the defects of donor material.With the development of tissue engineering technology,transplantation of in vitro cultured limbal epithelial stem cells is being an advanced management.Objective The aim of this work was to expand human limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo under the guidance of confocal microscope and to lay the foundation for fabricating ex vivo cultured cell sheets.Methods Ten eyes of ten patients were examined with the Heidelberg Retina Tomography Ⅲ Rostock Cornea Module(HRT3-RCM)to elucidate the structure of the human corneoscleral limbus and to correlate limbal epithelial dimensions.According to the analysis of the images of limbal epithelia,the limbal tissues provided by Eye Bank of Henan Eye Institute were cut into suitable explants.Then,this study was conducted to expand limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo on denuded amniotic membrane.The phenotypes of primary cultured cells were evaluated by morphology and immunofluorescent staining with antibodies for limbal epithelial stem cell markers (p63,cytokeratinl9)and differentiation markers(keratin 3,involucrin).This experimental procedure was approved by the Ethic Committee of Henan Provincial People's Hospital.The written informed consent was obtained from subjects before initiation of any examination.Results The palisade morphology of human limbus was imaged clearly on the laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy and many hyperreflective cells were observed in palisade basal cells.The cell-island phenomenon was seen in the basement membrane under the laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy.The oblique sections of limbus showed many papilla-like epithelial columns below the superficial limbal epithelia.Throughout the experiment duration,the epithelial cells grew well with the migration rates from limbal tissue (68.62± 16.94)％ and the migration time(5.83 ±2.04)days,which depended on the tissue freshness.Compared with the second and forth batch of tissue,the migration rates of the third and sixth batch of tissues were significantly higher(P＜0.05),and the migration time was evidently longer in the forth and sixth batch of tissue compared with the first,second,third and fifth batch(P＜0.05).The positively expressing rates in the cultured corneal stem cells were 4.05％ and 36.52％ for p63,26.07％ and 40.55％ for CK19,57.88％ and 40.81％ for K3,64.66％ and 59.19％ for involucrin.Conclusion Human limbal epithelial stem cells can be successfully and purposefully obtained from the limbal tissue based on the guidance confocal miscroscope.The cultured corneal stem cells can grow well on the denuded amniotic membrane

Objective To investigate the effect of 620 nm red light on chondrogenic differentiation in rat precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs). Methods Rats' PSCs were isolated and purified using magnetically activated cell sorting and cultured in vitro.The PSCs were exposed once to 620 nm wavelength red light from a light-emitting diode (LED) with an irradiation energy of 0.5 J/cm2,1 J/cm2,2 J/cm2 or 4 J/cm2.Any effect was confirmed by Alcian blue staining,immunohistochemistry and observing histomorphological changes under a light microscope,as well as detection using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results After being induced for 14 d,the PSCs exhibited polygonal and round shapes. Alcian blue and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistoehemistry staining showed positive results,but the control group had no significant change.RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Sox9 and type Ⅱ collagen increased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusion Low energy 620 nm red light can enhance chondrogenic differentiation in PSCs significantly.

Objective To observe the effects of different concentrations of glucose on the proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts.Methods The identification of mouse primary osteoblasts was performed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP)staining and Von Kossa staining.Treating osteoblasts with different dose of glucose (5.5,15.5,25.5 mmol/L),the osteoblasts proliferation,ALP staining,and Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression were observed.Real-time PCR was used for the determination of Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression.Results With the increasing glucose concentrations,the osteoblasts cell proliferation was decreased.Compared with 5.5 mmol/L normal glucose,the ALP staining in 15.5 mmol/L group and 25.5 mmol/L group were decreased.The expressions were decreased by (36.7±6.2)％ and (38.3±2.2)％ in Runx2 mRNA,(26.7±7.2)％ and (40.4±4.3)％ in OCN mRNA respectively.ALP in 15.5 mmol/L group was reduced by (33.3±10.2)％,but increased by(50.8±10.4) ％ in 15.5 mmol/L group.Conclusions High glucose may decrease osteoblasts proliferation and activity,which may be one of the key pathogenesis factors of diabetic osteoporosis.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of DNA methyhransferase 1 ( DNMT1 ) gene silencing on DNMTs activity and methylated CpG sites of hMLH-1 in pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988.Methods DNMT1 siRNA and negative control siRNA was constructed by Ambion Company of United States.Then they were transfected into pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988 at the concentrations of 15,30 nmol/L,and the cells without transfection was used as the control group.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the DNMT1 mRNA and protein expression,and DNMTs activity was detected by using DNMTs activity assay kit.Change of methylation of CpG island of hMLH-1 was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP).The expression of hMLH-1 mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR.ResultsAt 48 h after transfection,Realtime RT-PCR analysis showed that the levels of DNMT1 mRNA in DNMT1 siRNA group ( 15 nmol/L) and DNMT 1 siRNA group (30 nmol/L) were 0.573 ± 0.026 and 0.143 ± 0.044,which were significantly lower than those in control group 1.020 ±0.217 and negative siRNA 15 nmol/L group 0.900 ±0.475,and negative siRNA 30 nmol/L group 0.938 ± 0.327 (P ＜0.05 ).Western blotting analysis showed that the level of DNMT1 protein of DNMT1 siRNA group was also lower than those of negative siRNA and control groups.DNMT activity in DNMT1 siRNA15,30 nmol/L groups was 0.364 ± 0.124and 0.250 ± 0.072,which were significantly lower than those in control group 0.931 ± 0.065and negative siRNA group 0.665 ± 0.055 and 0.472 ± 0.040.DNMT activity was positively correlated with DNMT1 mRNA expression ( r =0.69,P ＜ 0.01 ).DNMT1 RNA interference decreased 8 methylated CpG sites of hMLH-1 to 1 site.Concluslons DNMT1siRNA can specifically inhibit the expression of DNMT1 gene of PaTu8988 and DNMT activity,and can decrease methylated CpG sites of hMLH-1 gene.

Objective To investigate the RADIL mRNA expression in pancreatic carcinoma and to evaluate its clinical significance.Methods Fluoesecent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the RADIL mRNA expression in 40 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and adjacent tissue and in 5 healthy adult with normal pancreatic tissue and to observe its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters.Results RADIL mRNA was expressed in pancreatic carcinoma and adjacent tissue, as well as normal pancreatic tissue, and the relative expression was 2.263 ± 3.826, 5.425 ± 8.858 and 8.559 ± 4.214, respectively.There was statistically significant difference among the three groups (P ＜0.05 ).RADIL mRNA expression was closely related with the metastasis and differentiation grade ( r = -0.312 and -0.294, P ＜ 0.05 ), however, it was not significantly related to tumor site, tumor size, CA19-9, TNM staging, sex and age.Conclusions RADIL gene may have an inhibitory effect on the pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the correlation between family cohesion and adaptability and quality of life in patients with enterostomy. Methods Using Chinese version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACESⅡ-CV) and Chinese version of Stoma-Quality of Life (STOMA-QOL-C) to investigate the status of family cohesion and adaptability, family type and their impact on quality of life of 110 patients with enterostomy. Results Scores of family cohesion and adaptability averaged 59.15 ± 11.94, 47.32 ± 9.40,were significantly lower than 63.90 ± 8.00 and 50.90 ± 6.20 in the norm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.171,-3.990, P<0.01).The family cohesion was positively correlated with the score of quality of life, social interaction and psychological burden(r=0.274, 0.284, 0.263, P<0.05), and the family adaptability was positively correlated with the score of quality of life,social interaction and psychological burden(r=0.316, 0.338, 0.228, P<0.05 or 0.01). The balance type family was 30 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 45.10±7.26, the intermediate type family was 50 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 43.48±9.98, the extreme type family was 28 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 43.37 ± 16.68, and difference between the three was no statistically significant(F=0.442, P=0.665). Conclusions In the nursing process of patients with enterostomy, health care workers should pay attention to improve family cohesion and adaptability, as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical correlative factors and CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) characteristics of secondary changes of chest in different types of acute pulmonary embolism. Methods One hundred and fifty-two cases with acute pulmonary embolism diagnosed by CTPA between January 2015 and October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into central(70 cases)and peripheral (82 cases) groups according to the embolization site. The clinical characteristics (including gender, age, risk stratification, etc.), laboratory findings (including D-dimer, etc.) and secondary imaging findings(including enlargement of the main pulmonary artery and enlargement of right heart,etc.)of the two groups were recorded. The parameters including patient age, body mass index, length of hospital stay and laboratory findings between the two groups were compared using independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. The other variables including the clinical characteristics such as gender, smoking history, etc. and secondary imaging findings between the two groups were analyzed by χ2 test and Fisher exact test.Results The high,moderate and low-risk patients were 7,33,30 cases,respectively in the central group,and 2,16, 64 cases, respectively in the peripheral group. The percentages of moderate and high-risk patients in the central group were higher than peripheral group,the difference of risk stratification between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.001).In the choice of clinical treatment,there were 5 cases of thrombolytic therapy in the central group and 0 cases in the peripheral group, and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.019). The other differences of clinical characteristics such as gender and age were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The cardiac troponin I was 0.03(0.01,0.11)μg/L in the central group and 0.01 (0,0.04) μg/L in the peripheral group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.799, P=0.005).The other laboratory findings such as D-dimer were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the various secondary changes of the chest on CTPA, the cases of enlargement of the main pulmonary artery,enlargement of right heart,pulmonary infarction,mosaic perfusion were 47,41, 23, 24 cases, respectively in the central group, and 20, 11, 11, 15 cases, respectively in the peripheral group.The percentages of these signs were higher in the central group than peripheral group,the differences were statistically significant (χ2= 28.002,34.214,8.221,5.064, P<0.05). Conclusions Central acute pulmonary embolism is more dangerous and more likely to cause a series of secondary changes.Determining the type of embolism has certain value for clinical doctors to judge the prognosis and choose the treatment.

Microglia, the resident immune effective cells of the central nervous system, play crucial roles in mediating immune-related process. It becomes activated quickly in response to even minor pathological insults and participates in series of immune responses. Under physiological conditions, most microglia stay in a typical resting state, with ramified processes continuously extending and retracting from surrounding neural tissues, suggesting an important function of resting microglia. Recent studies indicate that resting microglia can regulate many physiological processes, including neural development, neural circuit formation, neuronal activity and plasticity, and animal grooming behavior. Here, we review the properties of resting microglia and further discuss how microglia participate in the above-mentioned functional regulation under physiological conditions.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; cytology ; Humans ; Microglia ; immunology ; physiology