With the development of technology and the deterioration of environment,more and more attention was attracted to the research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract.In this paper,the methods of research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract were introduced,and the mechanical models of human upper respiratory tract which were constructed by the scholars in the resent years were summarized.In addition,the current status of research on the airflow movements,the transportation and deposition of the particles in human upper respiratory tract was analyzed.The developing trend of this field was prospected as well.

Objective To determine whether an environmental intervention tailored to each patient's allergic sensitization and environmental risk factors could improve asthma-related outcomes. Methods Irritant or allergen sensitivity determined by the patient's exposure history and confirmed with skin test. Patients were asked to record 2-week days without symptoms, days off-work(or school) and ?2-agonist puffs. Pulmonary function was also examined. Ninety-six asthmatics with atopic asthma (aged 16-78 years) were randomly assigned to a control group, an intervention group that received an educational handout monthly for 2 months. Asthmatics of both groups inhalded budesonide at a daily dose 200-800 ?g and ?2-agonist as needed. Environmental intervention lasted six months and included education and remediation for exposure to allergens. The control group had no special recommendations. Results The intervention group had more days without symptoms compared with the control group (13.4 vs.10.1days, P

24 h)with VAS ranging from 5-9 points.There was no occurrence of severe complications such as infection or shoulder malfunction.[Conclusion]The technique of glenohumeral joint injection without any guidance through modified Nevaiser approach is highly accurate.No complication was noted.This thechnique be widely used in glenohumeral joint injection.

The effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) and the addition of olive oil on the whole-cell lipase production by Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021 were investigated.Compared with SSF, higher biomass, hydrolytic activity and synthetic activity were observed in SmF.By the addition of olive oil, the synthetic activity of whole-cell lipase in both fermentations was enhanced significantly, especially in SmF, while the biomass and the hydrolytic activity were also increased.Hence, olive oil serves as both carbon source and the inducer of lipases in fermentation.It was also found that the synthetic activity of whole-cell lipase was not accordant to the hydrolytic activity during both SmF and SSF, suggesting that isoenzymes with difference in lipase properties may be produced by Rhizopus chinensis.

Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of icariin in Bushenning Capsules. Methods: The sample was prepared by water extraction-purfication through polyamide column. The determination was carried out on C 18 ODS column with mobile phase of acetonirile-water (23∶77), and detection wavelength at 270nm according to the external standard method.Results: The icariin sample size showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.12-1.91ug and correlation coefficient was 0.9999. The average recovery of the added sample was 99.21%(n=5) and RSD was 1.79%. The RSD in a duplicate test was 2.18%.Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, reproducibe and can be used for content determination of icariin of icariin of Bushenning Capsules.

Bilateral mandibular first molars of 36 rabbits were extracted.The tooth extraction wounds were treated by:platelet-rich fibrin +acellular dermal matrix(group A),platelet-rich fibrin(group B),acellular dermal matrix (group C) and without treatment (group D,the control) (n =9) respectively.The measurments of alveolar bone height and width showed that there were no significant differences among groups at different times(P ＞ 0.05).Bone histomorphometry showed that at the 2th and 4th week,the best result was found in group A(P＜0.01).While,at the 8th week,the result of group A was still better than that of other 3 ones (P ＜ 0.01),but group B and C showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The combination of PRF and ADM shows the most significant effect.

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term effect of augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone. Method:360 patients underwent augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone. Improved L shaped implants were used in 343patients. Result: Among 360 patients, 334 cases were successful enough (92.83 ％0 ). Conclusion: The key to themaintenance of the long-term effect is to use properly improvedL-shaped implant,to choose a suitable tunnel,to prevent various complications and to ask patient's opinions for implant design.

Objective To investigate the change of the first-phase insulin secretion in impaired glucose regulation and its influencing factors.Methods The investigation was performed in 1024 subjects who were selected by cluster sampling.The body waist circumference (WC) was examined in these subjects.Oral glucose tolerance test was performed,and fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin as well as 30-,60-,and 120-minute plasma glucose and insulin after glucose intake were also tested.All the 1024 subjects were divided into 5 groups based on the results of oral glucose tolerance test:normal glucose tolerance group,impaired fasting glucose group,impaired glucose tolerance group,impaired fasting glucos/impaired glucose tolerance group,and diabetes mellitus group.First-phase insulin secretion index (the ratio of change in insulin to change in glucose during the first 30 minutes after glucose ingestion was calculated.Results Compared with normal glucose tolerance group (1.96 ± 1.03),the first-phase insulin secretion index significantly decreased in the impaired fasting glucose group (1.79 ±0.91) (P =0.007),the impaired glucose tolerance group (1.81 ± 0.97) (P =0.007),the impaired fasting glucose / impaired glucose tolerance group (1.59 ± 0.85) (P =0.005),and the diabetes mellitus group (1.30 ± 0.60) (P =0.004).Logistic regression analysis showed that WC was the strongest influencing factor of first-phase insulin secretion (β =0.716,P =0.000).Conclusions The firstphase insulin secretion index has already dropped in the stage of impaired glucose regulation.WC can be a useful indicator for evaluating first-phase insulin secretion.

BACKGROUND: Centrifugal force is a contributing factor inducing osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow stroma cells.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether centrifugal force promote osteoblastic differentiation from rabbit marrow stroma cell seeded on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow stroma cells were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow method, purified by attachment method, and digested by trypsin-EDTA at 80% confluency. The cell concentration was adjusted to 1×10~9/L. PLGA was cut into pieces, 5 mm×5 mm, soaked in serum-conditioned culture medium for 24 hours. The third passage of bone stroma cell suspension at a density of 300 μL was respectively seeded into the PLGA material. The scaffold/cell compound was placed in centrifuge tube, with cell at the upper layer and cultured in osteoblastic induced medium containing antiscorbic acid, β-sodium glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone respectively under centrifugal force every 12 hours (1 000 r/min for 30 minutes, relative centrifugal force 132 g) and static condition. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content and calcium content as well as observation by light microscopy were used to evaluate osteoblastic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 16 days of in vitro culture, the scaffolds of centrifugal force group were coated by multiplayer cells and mineralized matrix, but only a thin layer of cells were observed on the scaffold of control group. The centrifugal force system resulted in a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 2 (P < 0.05) but significant increase at day 4 compared with the static culture condition (P < 0.05). During the whole culture time, osteocalcin secretion remained low in control group. At days 12 and 16, a significant enhancement in osteocalcin secretion was observed for centrifugal force culture compared with static culture conditions (P < 0.05). Moreover, after 16 days of culture a significant increase in calcium deposition was observed in the scaffolds subjected to centrifugal force compared with static culture condition (P < 0.05). Centrifugal force can enhance osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stroma cell seeded in PLGA.