Objective To investigate the renal function of the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its effect on patients' outcome.Methods The renal function of 680 patients with AMI,received the conventional therapies, such as thrmbolysis, antiplatelet and antianginal therapies were investigated. According to it, 228 patients with renal dysfunction[GFR ＜90ml · min-1 · ( 1.73m2 ) -1]were divided into observation group,while the others[GFR≥90ml · min-1 · (1.73m2) -1]were divided into control group. To analyse their clinical characteristics、the inhospital mortality、one year mortality and the heart ocurrence rate in one year. Results Compared with the patients in the control group,the patients in the observation group were older、more likely to be women、and more likely to have hypertension、diabetes mellitus、coronary heart disease. The inhospital and one year mortality were higher ( 17. 8％ vs 9.74％ ,P ＜0. 01 ;25.00％ vs 14. 44％ ,P ＜0. 01 ) and the heart ocurrence rate was higher(57. 14％ vs38. 96％ ,P ＜ 0. 01 ) in one year in the observation group than that in the control group. ConclosionThe AMI patients with renal dysfunction were more likely to have concomitant diseases, worse ill condition and outcome. Renal dysfunction was an independent risk factor for the outcome in the patients with AMI.

Objective To explore the methodology of skin flap muscle flap (double flaps) and and effect of the double flaps on eyelid bag blepharoplasty.Methods Through lower eyelid incision,skin flap and muscle flap were formed,orbicularis muscle and orbital septum separated between the skin and flaps,direct access to the inferior orbital rim depression.Arcuate edge of the orbicularis muscle was fully stripped and released,especially the orbicularis muscle at the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbital fat was released,sutured below the inferior orbital rim periosteal surface.The orbicularis muscle flap was designed,lift and fixed to enhance midface to achieve the rejuvenation effect in the lower eyelid region.Results The 36 patients treated had no hematoma and flinch in the lower eyelid.Within 3 to 18 months follow-up,there were no ectropion,and facial nerve damage and other complications.Conclusions Double-flap is a feasible method as it can effectively enhance midface rejuvenation and correct eyelid bags deformity.

Objective To study the methods and clinical effects of joint expansion of double fascia flaps wrapping the Medpor to perform full-ear reconstruction on congenital microtia deformity.Methods 60 patients with congenital microtia deformity were selected.including 22 left ears and 38 right ears.Majority had loss of ear auricle or only partial earlobe.Phase Ⅰ procedures included:temporal-parietal branch was used for the vascular pedicle,and mastoid area behind the ear was moved and expanded for fascia flap.Phase Ⅱ included:the joint expansion of double fascia flap wrapped Medpor to do full-ear reconstruction.Results Flaps survived and no complications for all 60 patients.Reconstructed ears had lifelike appearance and clear anatomical structures.Auriculocephalic angulars positions and sizes were consistent with the healthy ears.None of them had exposed prosthesis and scar contraction.Three-dimensional shapes were good.Conclusions Joint expansion of double fascia flap wrapping Medpor could avoid the chest wall deformity and exposed prosthesis.The fine structure of the reconstructed ear is satisfactory.

This article was aimed to study the preparation process of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-tanshinone IIA (TSN)-salvianolic acid B (SalB) compound liposomes with 3-succinic-30-stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA-Suc) which is one of amphiphilicglycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as targeting molecule. The structure of the targeting molecule was validated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods. The feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was optimized through single factor test and the incorporation ratio of 18-GA-Suc was determined by low-speed centrifugation. Meanwhile, physicochemi-cal properties between Suc-GTS-Lip and GTS-Lip were compared. In vitro release studies of three components in Suc-GTS-Lip were conducted by equilibrium dialysis method. The results showed that the optimum conditions were when the feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 10%lipid liposomal membrane (mol·mol-1). It revealed that the incorpora-tion ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 96.58%, and the encapsulation efficiencies of GA, TSN, and SalB were about 86.15%, 81.70%, and 91.05%, respectively. In addition, the Suc-GTS-Lip was spherical and uniformly dispersed with parti-cle size of 128.7 nm and zeta potential of-15.5 mV. The release model of GA and TSN was fitted well with Higuchi equation, while SalB was fitted well with Hixon-crowell equation. It was concluded that Glycyrrhetinic acid deriva-tives (18-GA-Suc) can be successfully expressed in the liposome membrane, and the optimal preparation method of Suc-GTS-Lip was stable. All three components encapsulated into liposomes had sustained-release effects, which laid a good foundation for its further study about liver-targeting.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gualou Guizhi Granules on excitatory toxic damage of PC12 induced by glutamate; To primarily explore the involved protective mechanism of Gualou Guizhi Granules. Methods Excitatory toxic damage of PC12 induced by glutamate was used to establish models. Cells were divided into normal group, glutamate group, and Gualou Guizhi Granules low- (200 μg/mL), medium- (400 μg/mL) and high-dose (800 μg/mL) groups. MTT and LDH assay methods were used to detect PC12 activity; Caspase-3 activity detection method and Annexine V/PI double staining method were used to detect cell apoptosis; Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect Bcl-2, Bax protein and mRNA expression. Results Compared with glutamate group, MTT showed that all Gualou Guizhi Granules groups could improve PC12 activity, and LDH showed that cell activity in all Gualou Guizhi Granules groups decreased; Annexine V/PI double staining method showed that all Gualou Guizhi Granules groups could decrease the PC12 apoptosis; Caspase-3 activity detection method showed that all Gualou Guizhi Granules groups could decrease the activity of Caspase-3; Western blot and RT-PCR showed that all Gualou Guizhi Granules groups could reduce Bax expression and increase Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion Gualou Guizhi Granules have certain protective effects on excitatory toxic damage of PC12 induced by glutamate, which may be related to its anti-apoptotic activity.

Objective To compare and study species homology of two kinds of Antrodia Cinnamomea; To conduct the study on quality control. Methods HPLC fingerprint of two kinds of Antrodia Cinnamomea was applied. The HPLC fingerprints were determined on an Diamonsil C18 (2) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) eluted with the mobile phase consisting of 1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results There were 9 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of Antrodia Cinnamomea. The similarities varied from 0.906 to 0.995 and from 0.956 to 0.998 in 11 batches and 10 batches of two kinds of Antrodia Cinnamomea, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple and with good reproducibility, which shows that the HPLC fingerprint and infrared spectrum share similarity for two kindsof Antrodia Cinnamomea.

AIM:To determine whether acellular porcine cornea stroma (APCS) could support the growth of the rabbit corneal cells in vitro.METHODS: APCS was prepared. The rabbit's corneal epithelium and stromal cells were cultured and seeded on, APCS in vitro.The observation of phase contrast photograph and histological examination were performed.RESULTS: Histological examination showed the epithe- lium grew on the scaffold of APCS in 2-3 layers at 10th day. The stromal cells adhered to the surface of the scaffold after 24 hours and invaded into the interlaminar of the material at 5th day.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that APCS can support the growth and proliferation of the corneal epithelium and stromal cells in vitro.

BackgroundMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)plays an important role in the tumor,inflammation,diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular disease,but the expression and the role of MCP-1 in the oxygen induced retinopathy(OIR) model have rarely been reported. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of MCP-1 in the retina development of newborn mouse and in mouse models with OIR.Methods C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided into two groups and 60 mice in each group.Mice in OIR group were exposed to 75％ oxygen for 5 days and then to room air.All mice in normal control group exposed to room air only.Ten mice in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed at postnatal 5,7,12,14,17,21 days.The expression of MCP-1 in mouse retina was detected with the method of immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results MCP-1 positive cells were seen in normal mouse retina.Up-regulation of MCP-1 positive cells was detected both in 12 days in normal control group and in 14 days in OIR group.MCP-1 mRNA was detected in mouse retina at 5 days,and a transient up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA was observed in 12 days in normal control group.MCP-1 mRNA in OIR group significantly increased in 14 days in comparison with the normal control group( P =0.028,P =0.001 ). Conclusions Expression of MCP-1 is detectable in whole retinal development procession of mice.A transient up-regulation of MCP-1 expression is detected in the critical period of retinal vascular development in mice models with OIR,which is closely related to the retinal vascular development and progression of retinal new vessels.

Background Various studies have suggested that inflammatory factors such as leucocytes and macrophages are involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and many cytokines promote the occurrence of DR.However,the relationship of aqueous and serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) change with DR is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of MCP-1 and MIF in aqueous and serum during DR development.Methods Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from Beijing Shijitan Hospital.These patients received phacoemulsification or phacoemulsification and vitrectomy from September,2010 to June,2011.Twenty-six cataract patients in the same stage (without diabetes) who underwent phacoemulsification surgery served as controls.According to the clinical stage of the DR,the diabetic patients were classified as the non-DR group (NDR) (20 eyes),non-proliferative DR group (NPDR) (38 eyes) and proliferative DR group (PDR) (22 eyes).Aqueous humour and periphery blood samples were collected during the operation to detect MCP-1 and MIF using enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay (ELISA).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any relevant medical examination.Results The average aqueous MCP-1 levels were(1660.78±562.98),(1463.26± 623.41),(686.76±186.16) and(494.35±148.59) ng/L in the PDR group,NPDR group,NDR group and control group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (F=37.968,P=0.000).No significant differences were found in the aqueous MCP-1 levels between the control group and NDR group (P=0.169),or between the NPDR group and PDR group (P=0.117).However,the aqueous MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in the PDR group,NPDR group and NDR group compared with the control group (P=0.000).The average aqueous MIF levels were (6.85±1.99),(3.56±0.90),(1.10±0.48) and (0.86 ± 0.46) μg/L,respectively,with significant differences among them (F =144.502,P =0.000).Multiple comparisons between groups were found to be significantly different (P =0.000) according to the LSD-t test,except between the control group and NDR group (P =0.475).A significant positive correlation was seen between the aqueous MCP-1 level and MCP-1 level in all study participants (r =0.564,P =0.000).However,serum levels of MCP-1 and MIF were not statistically significantly different among the 4 groups (F =2.158,P＞0.05;F =0.813,P＞0.05).Conclusions The increase of the aqueous MIF and MCP-1 levels is associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy.The results suggest that MIF and MCP-1 promote the occurrence of DR.

Objective To determine the function of conserved amino acids in the fusion-promoting domain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein,clearly understanding mechanism of cell fusion.MethodsUsing a PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis method and the method of homology recombination occurred in vivo to change six conservative amino acids into alanine respectively.Wild type (WT) and all mutant HN proteins were exepressed in BHK-21 cells by the vacciniaT7 RNA polymerase expression system.The amount of each HN protein at the cell surface was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS).Cell fusion efficiency,hemadsorption activity (or receptor binding activity) and neuraminidase activity were determined.Results There was no statistic difference of cell surface expression among WT and each mutant HN protein ( P＜0.05 ).Cell fusion efficiency of each mutant protein decreased to some extent,especially 1103A decreased to 14.2％ in head.Hemadsorption activity of mutant proteins were reduced in different extent,the maximum reduction of which was also 1103A,28.2％ of wt NDV HN.There was different neuraminidase activity among each mutant HN protein.L74A increased slightly to 118.6％.L110A decreased most to 5.2％.I103A decreased second most to 5.7％.Conclusion Conserved amino acids in fusion-promoting domain of NDV HN played an important role in cell fusion.I103 was identified as a key amino acid in this domain.