OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical pharmacokinetics of Midazolam.METHODS:Fourteen patients undergoing general anesthesia with Midazolam in combination with remifentanil and isoflurane were enrolled in our study.The midazolam was administered by constant-rate infusion of 20 ?g?kg-1?min-1 for 20 min.The sampling of radial artery blood samples(3 mL/sample)were schedule before the infusion and at 1,3,5,7,10,15 and 20 min after the initiation of infusion and at 5,15,30,45 min and 1,2,4,6,12,18,24 h following the completion of midazolam.The plasma midazolam concentrations were determined by RP-HPLC.The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using DAS2.1.1 program.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of midazolam were best described by a simple three-compartment open model in which the weight coefficient was 1 and the typical pharmacokinetics parameters of midazolam were as follows:t1/2?=9.584 2 min,t1/2?=85.367 7 min,t1/2?=339.736 5 min,V1(the distribution volume of central compartment)=0.182 1 L?kg-1,CL=119.434 4 mL?h-1?kg-1,K10=0.045 8 min-1,K12=0.086 3 min-1,K21=0.017 5 min-1,K13=0.013 3 min-1,K31=0.002 4 min-1.CONCLUSION:t1/2?,t1/2?,t1/2? and CL were in line with those reported in the literature abroad,but V1 is on the lower side and it is easy for the medication to reach a balance.However,the rapid clearance of midazolam is more in line with the pharmacokinetic parameters of the Chinese subjects.

Objective To study the adverse effect of omethoate on DNA in mouse sperm cells in vivo. Single cell gel electrophoresiss (SCGE) or comet assay was used to observe the damage of DNA. Methods 40 male kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and were treated with omethoate by gavage at 0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg respectively, once a day for 35 consecutive days. Results The movement and density of sperms decreased as the dose of omethoate increased, the length of comet tails in group of 1 mg/kg and group of 2 mg/kg was much longer than that in the control, the other indexes of comet assay also showed significant DNA damage. Conclusion Omethoate exposure can induce DNA damage in the sperm cells of male mice.

Objective:To design a new rehabilitation system for cerebral apoplexy patients, and help patients complete rehabilitation treatment on the bed.Methods: Design the basic structure of the system through mechanical technology, make the realization of the function by using circuit and wireless control system, global-eye system was embedded in it by using the principle of the 3G to 4G intelligent technology for improving the humanized design of the system. Results:Through application in physical therapy, nursing, clinical rehabilitation, and clinical therapy in hospitals, it achieved good economic and social benefits, got the recognition of patients, clinicians and rehabilitation therapists. Conclusion: It can be used for the treatment of cerebral apoplexy, reduce medical expenditure, save amount of social resource and improve the work efficiency of medical staff.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) on prognosis of rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy. Methods From Jan. 1999 to Oct. 2007,107 patients with rectal cancer were treated with preoperative radiotherapy of 30 Gy/10f/12 days. The relationships a-mong TIL,pathologic regression and prognosis were analyzed. Results Before radiotherapy,TIL in rectal cancer was 75 patients (70.1%) in grade 1,16 (15.0%) in grade 2 and 16 (15.0%) in grade 3; While after radiotherapy,it changed to 19 (17.7 %) in grade 1,43 (40.2%) in grade 2,35 (32.7 %) in grade 3 and 10 (9.3%) in grade 4. After radiotherapy,pathologic regression was 36 (33.6%) in grade 1,57 (53.3%) in grade 2 and 14 (13.1%) in grade 3. Univariate analysis showed that TIL both before and after radiotherapy was the significant prognostic factor for local pathologic regression (X2= 36.80, P < 0.01; X<'2>= 14.00, P<0.01). Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that TIL and pathologic regression after radiother-apy were significant associated with the survival(X2=24.00, P < 0.01; X2=12.17, P<0.01 ). Logistic re-gression showed that TIL after radiotherapy had a significant effect on local pathologic regression(X2=8.05, P<0.01). Conclusions For rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy,TIL before and after ra-diotherapy is significantly related with local pathologic regression, and TIL after radiotherapy is a prognostic factor.

Objective To deter mine the effect-site concentration of sufentanil blunting responses to tracheal intubation with video laryngoscope during propofol target controlled infusion (TCI). Methods Twenty-three patients undergoing selective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Induction of anesthesia was initiated by TCI sufentanil at the target effect-site concentration 3 min later , TCI of propofol began at the target plasma concentration of 3 μg/mL. Cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg was ad ministrated for video laryngoscope tracheal intubation after loss of consciousness. The target concentration of sufentanil for consecutive patients was deter mined using the modified Dixon′s up-and-down method by the intubation response of the previous patient , in an increment or decrement of 0.05 ng/mL. The initial concentration was set at 0.4 ng/mL. Results The EC50 of Sufentanil was 0.32 ng/mL with 95%confidence interval of 0.29~0.35 ng/mL; the EC95 was 0.38 ng/mL with 95%confidence interval 0.35-0.55 ng/mL during video laryngoscope tracheal intubation. Conclusion The EC50 and EC95of sufentanil blunting responses to tracheal intubation with video laryngoscope are 0.32 ng/mL and 0.38 ng/mL during propofol TCI.

BOD,the same for the water quality factor and zooplankton.The water quality index DO,COD and TN were the key factors to influence phytoplankton density.Conclusion The diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in Neijiang River,Zhenjiang is considered as better.

Objective To study the effect of omethoate on the activity of characteristic enzymes in mouse testicles and the antagonism of teapolyphenol. Methods 80 Kunming male mice were divided into 8 groups, omethoate was given by gavage: the control group given 0.9% NaCl solution, a group given teapolyphenol of 180 mg/kg bw, three groups given omethoate of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw respectively, three groups given teapolyphenol of 180 mg/kg bw and two hours later followed by omethoate of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw respectively. The gavages were conducted for 6 consecutive days. The activities of the characteristic enzymes (AKP, ACP, LDH and LDH-x) in mouse testicles were measured by biochemistry method and variance analysis was done with the SPSS 11.0 software. Results As omethoate dose increased, the body weight and the testicle weight decreased obviously, the activities of AKP, ACP, LDH in mouse testicles significantly increased compared with the control. Given teapolyphenol 2 hours before given omethoate, the significant changes as above did not emerged. Conclusion Teapolyphenol has an antagonism against the adverse effects of omethoate on the activity of characteristic enzymes in mouse testicles.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain disorder, characterized with persistent and severe pain after trauma or surgery. This paper would review the epidemiology, mechanisms and pathophysiology of CRPS.

Objective To investigate pathological chan ges in stomach during long-term Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in Mongolian gerbil model. Methods Mongolian gerbils were inoculated with H.pylori NCTC 11637. Results Mongolian gerbil model of long-term H.pylori infecti on was successfully established. It was shown that H.pylori could induce the pro cess progressing from normal gastric mucosa to chronic gastritis, glandular atro phy, intestinal metaplasis, and atypical hyperplasia, though no adenocarcinoma w as found in the experimental animals. Conclusions H. pylori NC TC 11637 can colonize easily in the glandular stomach mucosa of Mongolian gerbi ls. The stability of this model is excellent, and th e histological chang es are similar to those of humans with H. pylori infection.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of cyclin E and c fos in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) induced gastric precancerosis. The expression of cyclin E and c fos in mucosa of gastric antrum was determined by RT PCR and immunohistochemistry staining in Mongolian gerbil with H. pylori induced gastric precancerosis. Cyclin E mRNA levels were increased 2 2 fold 25 weeks ( P