Atomoxetine is a noradrenaline transmitter reuptake inhibitor which can selectively inhibit presynaptic noradrenaline transport protein,strengthen noradrenaline's resupination effect,and increases noradrenaline's activity released by synaptic cleft to improve the symptoms of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)patients.ADHD patients often accompany with other psychological diseases like oppositional defiant disorder,anxiety disorder,which may hinder the diagnosis of ADHD.There is still no accepted effective medicine nowadays.Currently,research on the treatment of the ADHD is more and more popular.Good therapeutic effect of atomoxetine to treat ADHD has been found in resent studies.This article summarized the current management of using atomoxetine to treat ADHD.

Objective To compare the osseo-induction and biodegradation performances of three types of injectable and degradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) so as to find out a better bone substitute. Methods Three types of injectable and degradable CPC were respectively implanted into the bilateral tibias of 24 New Zealand rabbits: pure CPC (Group A), CPC added with Zinc and Strontiumions (Group B), and CPC with composite rhBMP-2 (Group C) . Their systematic and local reactions in implanted region were closely observed. The degra- dation and osseo-induction performances were compared macroscopically, microscopically and by CT scan to find out the one that could best meet clinical needs. Tissue slices were sampled and photographed four, eight and 16 weeks after operation. Five photographs were selected in each group and at each time points for computer software (Image Pro Plus 5.1) processing to calculate the percentages of bone in the images of postoperative slices. Results In Groups A and B, new bone was found to form slowly and little by little, and the ossification was not synchronous with the material degradation. In Group C, however, new bone was observed to form early and massively, and the os- sification was almost synchronous with the material degradation. In Groups A, B and C, the percentage of bone in the images of postoperative slices was (41.7?16.6)%, (31. 2?12.2)% and (71.7?21.0)% respectively. The bone percentage in CPC with composite rhBMP-2 was significantly higher than that in the other two types of CPC (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion The injectable and degradable CPC with composite rhBMP-2 is more suitable for clinical use, because it can induce early new bone formation and synchronous biodegradation.

Objective To deter mine the effect-site concentration of sufentanil blunting responses to tracheal intubation with video laryngoscope during propofol target controlled infusion (TCI). Methods Twenty-three patients undergoing selective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Induction of anesthesia was initiated by TCI sufentanil at the target effect-site concentration 3 min later , TCI of propofol began at the target plasma concentration of 3 μg/mL. Cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg was ad ministrated for video laryngoscope tracheal intubation after loss of consciousness. The target concentration of sufentanil for consecutive patients was deter mined using the modified Dixon′s up-and-down method by the intubation response of the previous patient , in an increment or decrement of 0.05 ng/mL. The initial concentration was set at 0.4 ng/mL. Results The EC50 of Sufentanil was 0.32 ng/mL with 95%confidence interval of 0.29~0.35 ng/mL; the EC95 was 0.38 ng/mL with 95%confidence interval 0.35-0.55 ng/mL during video laryngoscope tracheal intubation. Conclusion The EC50 and EC95of sufentanil blunting responses to tracheal intubation with video laryngoscope are 0.32 ng/mL and 0.38 ng/mL during propofol TCI.

Objective To explore the correlation of patient-controlled sedation of dexmedetomidine and Narcotrend values. Methods Forty patients with lower limb surgery were enrolled. Until CSEA block fixed , the electronic pump ran the patient-controlled sedation of dexmedetomidine. The parameter of electronic pump was set as follows: load dose 2 mL + background dose 1.5 mL/h + single dose 0.5 mL + locktime 20 s. The heart rate , mean arterial pressure, pressing times, effective times, OAA/S sedation scores and NI values were determined. Results At T4 point, the patients reached appropriate sedation. At T4 ~ T9 OAA/S scores kept 3 to 4. From T5 point, NI values showed significant decrease. After the T7 point. OAA/S scores and NI values reached the plateau time of (7.5 ± 1.8) min and (13.1 ± 3.4) min, OAA/S scores of 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, corresponding roughly with NI values 95 to 100, 90 to 94, 65 to 89, 40 to 64. The correlation coefficient was 0.58. The time of NI values significant decreased in the younger group and in the elderly group, with (10.2 ± 1.6) min and (14.4 ± 2.2) min. In T5~ T9 point, NI values of the younger group were significantly lower than those in the elderly group. Conclusion Relevant relationships are observed between dexmedetomidine patient-controlled sedation depth and the narcotrend values under CSEA.

AIM: To evaluate the ability of spectral domain optic coherence tomography ( SD-OCT ) parameters to detect progressive structural damage in primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) by contrasting with visual field. ·METHODS: Retrospectively we evaluated 48 subjects (48 eyes ) of POAG, followed up 14 to 62mo. The parameters of SD-OCT and visual field were obtained. The correlation between the change of visual field measurements and OCT measurements were analyzed. Visual field progression was defined as reproducible drop of at least 2dB of mean deviation (MD) from the baseline visit. ROC curve was made to evaluated the ability of OCT parameters in detect progression of POAG. ·RESULTS: The 25 eyes were classified in progression group and 23 eyes were in non-progression group. No significant correlation was seen between OCT parameters and visual field in non-progression group. In progression group, OCT parameters which were significantly correlated with MD reduce were rim volume ( r=-0. 5997, P=0. 0007), C/D vertical ratio (r=-0. 6309, P=0. 0003), RNFL(r= 0. 4201, P= 0. 0260), and GCC(r= 0. 7080,P<0. 01). ROC curves showed the GCC reflected the reduce of MD accurately (P=0. 013). ·CONCLUSION: Part parameters of SD-OCT can reflect the progression of POAG accurately and provided a new method to detect the damage of visual function of POAG.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of liver and lung injury in mouse septic models.Methods:Twenty-four male Kunming mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)or sham operation.The permeability of microvasculature,water contents,activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and the apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells in lung microvasculature and liver sinus were examined 3 h and 12 h after operation.Results:Both the liver and lung showed a significant increase in microvessel permeability at 12 h in CLP group compared with sham operation group.MPO activity and water content in CLP group were obviously higher than those in the sham operation group.The apoptosis of lung microvascular endothelial cells at 12 h in CLP group(5.03?0.92)% was significantly higher than that of control group(3.48?1.21)%(P

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of renal artery stent treatment for severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) in the elderly. Methods In a prospective nonrandomized study in our hospital from January 2003 to April 2008, 147 consecutive elderly patients with ARAS (diameter reduction ≥ 65％) underwent percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting (PTRAS) for resistant hypertension or reserving renal function. They were followed up for 6- 66 months and the effects of the procedure on renal function, blood pressure and cardiovascular events were observed. Results The success rate of PTRAS was 100％. During 6-66 months of follow up, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased, and less antihypertensive medication was taken (P<0.01). Serum creatinine was significantly decreased during 6-48 months of follow up (P<0. 05) and did not change significantly during 54-66 months of follow up (P>0. 05). Blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased during 6-24 months of follow up (P<0.05) and did not change significantly during 30-66 months of follow up (P>0.05). Complications related with the procedure occurred in 7 cases (4.8％). 17 patients failed to follow up (11.6％) and in 18 cases cardiovascular events occurred (12.2％), including 4 cases of renal events (2. 7％), 4 cases of myocardial infarction (2.7％), 2 cases of stroke (1.4％) and 8 cases of cerebral and cardiovascular events (5.4％) during 6-66 months of follow up. The survival rates of free-of-events at year 1, 2, 3, 4 and5 were 91.0%(121/133), 90.2%(83/92), 78.5%(51/65), 73.8%(31/42) and 54.8%(17/ 31), respectively. The survival rates at year 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 94.0% (125/133), 90. 2% (83/ 92), 84.6%(55/65), 73. 8%(31/42) and 61.3%(19/31), respectively. Conclusions Renal artery stent as treatment for ARAS in the elderly has a beneficial effect on blood pressure control and on renal function during middle and long term follow up. The treatment may be helpful in reduction of cardiovascular events and mortality, which should be investigated further.

Objective To study the influence of total flavonoids of hemerocallis fulva(TFHF) on hepatocyte apoptosis and related protein expression in mice with alcoholic hepatic injury.Methods A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into four groups:blank control,model control andsmall and high dose TFHF groups,10 cases in each group.The mice were given the continuous gavage administration for 7 d.Then the model group was given once gavage by 50％ ethanol 12.0 mL/kg after 1 h of the last administration.The blank control group was given the equal volume of distilled water.The activity levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum as well as the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver tissue hemogenate were detected.Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) staining was performed for observing the pathological changes of the liver tissue.The flow cytometer was used to test the apoptosis ratio in hepatocyte suspension.The expressions of caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by Western blot.Results The various TFHF groups could decrease the activities of ALT and AST in serum (P＜0.05),while could decrease the MDA content in liver tissue hemogenate (P＜0.01) and increased the SOD activity;the liver tissue pathological examination showed that the high dose TFHF group could make the liver cell degeneration,alleviated the necrosis degree and relieved the pathological change of hepatic tissue;compared with the model group,the hepatocyte apoptosis rate in each TFHF group was decreased significantly;Western blotting results showed that the caspase-3 protein level in each TFHF group was decreased,expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased,whereas which of Bax protein was decreased and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was reduced.Conclnsion TFHF has obvious protective effect on mice acute hepatic injury induced by ethanol,and can inhibit the hepatocyte apptosis,its action mechanism may be related to its antioxidation and regulation of caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax expression.

There were significant increase in urine protein excretion,raised malondialdehyde(MDA) level and expressions of NF-?B,p22phox and p47phox in renal tissue,and significant decrease in reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase,vitamin C and E levels in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakisaki rats after 12 weeks. There was obvious histomorphologic change in the kidneys.All the above indices were improved by intraperitoneal injection of?-lipoic acid(35 mg/kg q.o.d).Besides,significant positive correlations were found of MDA level to p22phox,p47phox and NF-?B in the renal tissue,?-lipoic acid seems to protect the diabetic kidney in this diabetic rat model via antioxidative effects.