BACKGROUND: The research group for the physical quality of minorities has performed the computer measurement of craniofacial organs in 15 minorities of Yunnan province, including Dai nationality, Yi nationality,Lagu nationality, Lisu nationality, etc., but those of Bulang nationality have not been conducted.OBJECTIVE: To completely and systematically measure the 41 items and 17 indexes of the craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: From May to October in 2002, 155 subjects of Bulang nationality, who were of pure blood lineage of Bulang nationality, and the three generations before whose parents were all Bulang nationality, were selected from the Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and they all participated in the study voluntarity, including 96 males and 59 females, and the forms and functions of their cranial and maxillofacial organs were all normal.METHODS: The subject was asked to sit up straightly, the skull was fixed with skull retention instrument, the Frankfurt horizontal plane should be parallel to the cross section, and the measurement points were marked with pen; The craniofacial images of the subject were recorded with camera at a distance of 5 m, and the images were input to the computer for later use. The self-designed video-computer measure system was adopted to measure craniofacial indexes. Judgement standards for the observed items:Besides the tab stops for distance between lip peaks, unilateral lip length,height of palpebral opening, breadth of nasal septum and nostril breadth by Xu et al, and those for frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle and nose angle by Ma et al, that for height of upper eyelid was self-designed, and the other items all referred to the requirements in Manual of Anthropometry[3] and Methods of Anthropometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Forty-one measurement items:minimal malar breadth, bizygomatic breadth, interocular breadth, interpupillary distance, breadth of palpebral opening, breadth of mouth opening,distance between lip peaks, single lip length, height of palpebral opening,physiognomic frontal height, physiognomic facial height Ⅰ, physiognomic facial height Ⅱ, morphological facial height, physiognomic facial height Ⅲ,upper physiognomic facial height, nose height, lip height, whole upper lip height, whole lower lip height, height of 1/3 inferior face, chin height,height of upper eyelid, nose breadth, breadth of nasal septum, nostril breadth, breadth between two angles of jaw, external ear width, nose length, nose depth, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle, nose angle, maximal head breadth, width between two traguses, maximal head length, auricular height, total head height, horizontal head circumference; ② 17 craniofacial indexes: head length breadth, head length height, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, upper physiognomic face,nose index, nose breadth depth, mouth index, physiognomic ear, frontal height, upper facial height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth,craniofacial height, craniofacial breadth.RESULTS: All the 151 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.① Measurement items of craniofacial organs: Only the values of physiognomic ear length and frontonasal angle were higher in females than in males, all the other items were higher in males than in females. The statistical analysis indicated that except the items of height of upper eyelid,breadth of nasal septum, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nose angle, width between two traguses, total head height and horizontal head circumference (P ＞ 0.05), the values of all the other items were significantly different between males and females. ② Indexes of craniofacial organs:Only the indexes of head length breadth, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, frontal height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth, craniofacial height had no significant differences between males and females (P ＞ 0.05), and the others were significantly different between males and females.CONCLUSION: Most of the 41 measurement items of craniofacial organs were higher in males than in females among the Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and most of the 17 indexes of craniofacial organs have no significant differences.

Objective To investigate the inhibitive effects of viral protein r (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) on human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-8,and to find the possible mechanisms.Methods The HCT-8 cells were divided into the control group,adv group and adv-Vpr group.HCT-8 cells were not treated in the control group; HCT-8 cells were treated with Adv or Adv-Vpr at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) in the Adv group or Adv-Vpr group,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.Cell cycle,apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of apoptosisrelated proteins was detected by Western blot.All data were analyzed by using the q test,t test and one-way or two-way analysis of variance.Results The proliferation of HCT-8 cells was significantly inhibited by Vpr.The MTT value of HCT- 8 cells in the Adv-Vpr group was 1.03 ± 0.04,which was significantly lower than 2.46 ± 0.15 in the Adv group and 2.51 ± 0.14 in the control group at 72 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =144.6,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of HCT-8 cells in the G2/M phase was 37.31％ ± 5.90％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 18.30％ ± 6.04％ in the Adv group and 16.66％ ± 3.51％ in the control group ( F =10.08,P ＜ 0.05 ).The ratio of HCT-8 cells with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential was 32.07％ ±5.64％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 3.32％ ±0.79％ in the Adv group and 2.76％ ±1.43 ％ in the control group at 48 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =64.45,P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of HCT-8 cells was 37.62％ ±6.48％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 3.44％ ± 1.11％ in the Adv group and 2.93％ ± 1.07％ in the control group at 72 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =122.4,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of Western blot showed that Vpr induced cleavage and activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 and phosphorylation of Chk1-S345,while the expression levels of Fas,Fas-L,ERK1,ERK2 remained the same at 48 hours after Adv-Vpr treatment ( MOI =200).Conclusions Vpr inhibits the proliferation of the HCT-8 cells in vitro through G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.Vpr plays its role by activating DNA damaging pathway and initiating mitochondria apoptotic pathway.Vpr is a potential therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.

Background and purpose:Tamoxifen is the main endocrine therapy of premenopausal breast cancer with positive hormone receptors but numerous patients have developed advanced refractory breast cancer due to drug resistance.Our study investigated the role of combining oophorectomy and exemestane in the treatment of advanced refractory breast cancer.Methods:Oophorectomy was carried out in all patients.Exemestane was administered orally (25 mg/d) one week after the operation.The median time of progression (TTP),the median survival time as well as the survival rate were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier methods.Results:Seventeen patients ranging between the ages of 26 and 44 years (median:36 years) were treated resulting in an overall response rate of 64.70%,TTP was 8 months and the median survival time was 31 months.The survival rates for 1 year,3 years and 5 years were 88.24%,64.71%,29.41%,respectively.No grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ side effects appeared.Conclusion:Oophorectomy when combined with exemestane showed antitumor activity for advanced refractory premenopausal breast cancer through positive hormone receptor and it is also well-tolerated.

BACKGROUND: Placenta mesenchymal stem cells have become hot spots in stem cells study in recent years because of its advantages. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biological characteristics of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells, and to explore the feasibility of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells applied as seed cells in three-dimensional liquid culture to construct the tissue-engineered skin. METHODS:The amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells were obtained by using multi-step digestion with trypsin and col agenase;then the flow cytometry, reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescent staining techniques were adopted to identify the surface molecular markers, stem cellcharacteristics and keratinocytes similarity respectively. Based on these data, amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells used as seed cells together with rat type Ⅰ col agen matrix were adopted for three-dimensional liquid culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow cytometry test showed that amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells cultured in vitro could highly express CD90, CD73 and CD105, and could not express the hemopoietic stem cellmarker of CD34 and MHC-class Ⅱ molecular HLA-DR. Reverse transcription-PCR results detected that amniotic mesenchymal stem cells could express stem cellcharacteristic genes CMCY and NANOG;amnion epithelial cells could express stem cellcharacteristic genes CMCY and KLF4, showing that both amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells have stem cellproperties. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that amniotic mesenchymal stem cells could express keratinocytes characteristic genes K19,β1-integrin and K8;amnion epithelial cells could express K19,β1-integrin, K5 and K8. Immunofluorescence staining results showed amnion epithelial cells could express keratinocytes proliferation related protein K14, which revealed that there was certain similarity in the mRNA expression between keratinocytes and amnion epithelial cells, and indicating that it has the potential to differentiate into keratinocytes. Tissue-engineered skin was successful y constructed by using amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amnion epithelial cells, hematoxylin-eosin staining section showed that it has certain skin structure, and amnion epithelial cells had a preliminary differentiation. Al these prove that it is feasible to construct human skin tissues with amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and amniotic epithelial cells through the three-dimensional culture.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) serum,concentration and gastrointestinal failure(GIF) and discuss eaely diagnosis,treatment and prognosis in patients with GIF after esophageal cancer surgery.Methods To test the TFF3 levels of the serum during the postoperation of esophageal cancer by ELISA.Results Serum TFF3 concentrations measured prior to the occurrence of GIF were significantly higher than in control group (P ＜ 0.01).serum TFF3 concentration was significantly related to gastrointestinal tract function score(r =-0.712).Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that the serum TFF3 concentrations at the time of occurrence of gastrointestinal failure,and 48 hours later,could be used as prognostic factors in critically ill pediatric patients with GIF(r =1.443 and 1.872,respectively).Conclusion TFF3 may play an important role in predicting GIF in pediatric critical illness and has a protective function in the mucosal repair process.

Objective To explore the feasibility of postoperative nutrition of cervical gastric fistula after radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods 288 patients with esophageal carcinoma from January 2015 to December 2017 of thoracic surgery in the first hospital of Lanzhou University were analyzed,in which 133 patients underwent cervical gastric fistula,88 patients retained the nasal and enteral nutrition tube,and 67 patients underwent jejunum fistula.The postoperative complications were observed and analyzed.Results The cervical gastric fistula was significantly superior to the enteral nutrition catheter and jejunum fistula in the patients with pulmonary infection,stoma infection,oropharyngeal comfort and so on after thoracic and laparoscopic resection of esophageal carcinoma.Conclusion The high cervical gastric fistula is a safe and feasible nutritional support method for the patients with thoracic and laparoscopic resection of the posterior sternum and the radical resection of esophageal carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional tubular mechanical anastomosis versus nested anastomosis assisted by tubular stapler in McKeown resection of esophageal cancer.Methods:A total of 182 patients who underwent McKeown resection for esophageal cancer between January 2016 and August 2017 were recruited, including 85 patients in the traditional tubular mechanical anastomosis group and 97 patients in the nested anastomosis assisted by tubular stapler group. The incidence of anastomotic fistula and anastomotic stenosis was observed in 6 months after the operation.Results:Compared with the traditional mechanical anastomosis, the incidence of anastomotic fistula in nested anastomosis assisted by tubular stape[0(0/97)vs. 4.7%(4/85)], lung infection[3.1%(3/97) vs. 11.8%(10/85)], gastroesophageal reflux[7.2%(7/97)vs. 17.6%(15/85)], anastomotic stenosis[3.1%(3/97) vs. 10.6%(9/85)], the neck incision infection rate[1.0%(1/97)vs. 7.1%(6/85), the operative anastomosis time[(14.69±2.65) min vs.(20.25±4.31)min], the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in arrhythmia, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, chylothorax and anastomosis between the two groups. Conclusion:The incidence of complications such as anastomotic fistula, anastomotic stricture, gastroesophageal reflux, and pulmonary infection can be significantly reduced by nested anastomosis assisted by tubular stapler, which is an ideal choice for cervical anastomosis in McKeown resection of esophageal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of ultrafine thoracic drainage tube(Abel, 8FR, 20 cm) after pulmonary uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lung tumors.Methods:A total of 2 031 patients who doing lung tumor surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from May 2015 to July 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the types of thoracic drainage tubes, they were divided into the ultrafine drainage tube group(1 026 cases) and the conventional drainage tube group(1 005 cases). The groups were compared in terms of postoperative thoracic drainage at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, postoperative hospital stay, drainage time, postoperative pain index at three days, postoperative analgesia times and postoperative complications.Results:There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of the postoperative thoracic drainage at 24h, 48h, 72h and drainage time( P>0.05). Notably, there were significant differences between two groups in terms of the postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pain index at three days, postoperative analgesia times and postoperative complications( P<0.05). Conclusion:The use of ultrafine thoracic drainage tube after lung tumor surgery is safe and reliable, can better postoperative drainage, achieve the purpose of relieving pain, speeding up postoperative rehabilitation, and convenient nursing, worthy of clinical promotion and application.

To explore the method of explants directly induced bud and establish the tissue culture system of mutiple shoot by means of direct organogenesis, core bud and daughter bulbs (the top of bud stem expanded to form daughter bulb) of T. edulis were used as explants and treated with thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-naphthlcetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the optimal medium for bud inducted form core bud and daughter bulb were MS + TDZ 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 4.0 mg x L(-1) and MS +TDZ 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 2.0 mg x L(-1) respectively, both of them had a bud induction rate of 72.92%, 79.22%. The optimal medium for cluster buds multiplication was MS + TDZ 0.2 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.2 mg x L(-1), and proliferation coefficient was 2.23. After proliferation, cluster buds rooting occurred on MS medium with IBA 1.0 mg x L(-1) and the rooting rate was 52.6%, three to five seedlings in each plant. Using core bud and daughter bulb of T. edulis, the optimum medium for adventitious bud directly inducted from daughter bulb, core bud and cluster bud multiplication were screened out and the tissue culture system of multiple shoot by means of direct organogenesis was established.
Naphthaleneacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Phenylurea Compounds ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Shoots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Thiadiazoles ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tulipa ; drug effects ; growth & development