Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To construct the teaching model of medical statistics in universities of TCM through the questionnaire of knowledge,attitude and practice structure.Methods Medical statistics KAP questionnaire survey was conducted among postgraduates using proportional stratified sampling according to the grade.It describes the present situation and calculates the knowledge loss coefficient,knowledge demand index and behavioral application intensity of medical statistics.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences among different grades.Results 109 questionnaires were withdrawn.The recovery was 83.84％.45 cases (41.3％) were first year postgraduate,33 cases (30.3％) were 2nd year postgraduate,and 31 cases (28.4％) were 3rd year postgraduate.At the knowledge level,the knowledge loss coefficient of the second year postgraduates was 0.635,and there was no statistical difference (P=-0.651) vs the first year postgraduate (0.638).At the attitude level,Knowledge demand index had no statistical significance difference (P=0.213)between postgraduates in grade two (96.87％) and grade three (75.00％).Most medical postgraduates held positive attitudes toward medical statistics,hoping to strengthen the training of their application ability such as medical statistics in design and research thinking (29.18％),the statistical methods selection and the interpretation of the results (31.53％) and the statistical software operation (36.07％).At the practice level,the percentage of application intensity with statistical methods of third-year postgraduates (100.00％) was higher than the second-year postgraduates (37.50％),and the second-year postgraduates higher than the first-year postgraduates (20.45％).And with the growth of year,the percentage of application intensity was gradually increasing (P=O.O03).Among them,published scientific papers accounted for 16.5％,and 58.6％ paper grade concentrated in the core journals.Conclusion Application development should be enhanced by modularization teaching with practical issues.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficancy of Yangxue Qingnao granules on simvastatin-induced vascular injury model in zebrafish. METHODS Since statins can inhibit vascular development in zebrafish,in this study,we developed a novel animal model using 1 to 3 day post-fertilization larval zebrafish by optimizing the doses and duration of simvastatin exposure.Five pro-angiogenic drugs with a variety of mechanisms were tested to validate the newly developed zebrafish model. Zebrafish was treated with different concentration of Yangxue Qingnao granules( 62.5,125 and 250 μg·mL-1)for 2 d then tested for the area of subintestinal vein vessels. RESULTS Vascular regeneration promoting effect of five pro-angiogenic drugs (calycosin, astragaloside, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and Panax Notoginseng Saponins)were 8-48%,24-51%,35-58%,28-75% and 37-69%,respectively.In 62.5,125 and 250 μg·mL-1Yangxue Qingnao granules group,vascular regeneration promoting effect were 21% (P>0.05), 84%(P<0.01) and 53%(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the zebrafish vascular injury model validated in this study could be used for in vivo angiogenesis studies and drug screening and for assessing pro-angiogenic drugs with different mechanisms.Yangxue Qingnao granules could promote the vascular regeneration in zebrafish.

From the point of view of ethics review work situation of our country, the existing capacity of our review of ethical problems in development are analyzed, a preliminary summary of the Chinese medicine ethics review ca-pacity development, systematically analyzes the Assessment Human Research Protection System of TCM and Chinese medicine clinical research ethics review platform evaluation work, and to improve the ethical review system to perfect supervision system, improve the medical ethics review standards and guidelines, carrying out the innovation and con-struction of ethical review professional knowledge training, to promote Chinese medicine ethics review certification and accreditation system construction work and Chinese medical ethics review of the clinical research objective, the practice of ethical review management of Chinese medicine are discussed.

Objective To observe pathohistological features of vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries. Methods Autopsy coronary samples from 67 patients died of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 60 patients of non-cardiac death from 1992 to 2006 in Beijing Hospital were examined. Morphological features of vulnerable plaques of ACS cases were evaluated in terms of thrombus, ratio of lipid core, the minimal thickness of fibrous cap and the density of inflammatory infiltration. Results ( 1 ) There are 305 plaques in ACS group and the incidence of big lipid core is 153 (50. 16％ ), thin fibrous cap is 187(61.31％),inflammatory infiltration is 263 (86. 23％ ), neovasculature conformation is 217 (71. 15％ ), severe stenosis is 26 ( 8. 52％ ), calcification is 238 ( 78.03％ ), superficial calcified nodule is 26 ( 8. 52％ ), fissured plaque is 12(3.93％ ), endothelial denudation is 3(0. 98％ ) and intraplaque hemorrhage is 54( 17. 70％ ),which are significantly higher than control samples except endothelial denudation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). ( 2 ) The incidence of vulnerable plaques in ACS group is significantly higher than in the control group (89. 51％ vs.21.98％, P ＜ 0. 01 ). There are 4. 07 sections of vulnerable plaques with high density of inflammatory infiltration out of 4. 55 sections reviewed in ACS patients, while there are 0. 85 sections of vulnerable plaques with mild inflammatory infiltration out of 3. 87 sections reviewed in the control cases. Conclusions Formation of vulnerable plaque was an important pathological factor for the development of ACS. The major morphological characteristics of vulnerable plaque are big lipid core, thin fibrous cap, inflammatory infiltration, neovascularization, severe stenosis, plaque rupture, and endothelial denudation suggesting inflammation performed an important role in the formation of vulnerable plaque.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult residents of Shanghai Pudong New Area. Methods A total of 5584 residents aged 20-80 years old were randomly selected from Shanghai Pudong New Area through multistage sampling and interview between April and July 2008. Fasting blood samples and morning urine samples were collected to detect Scr and urinary albumin and creatinine. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated to estimate the renal function. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of demographic and lifestyle factors with indicators of kidney damage. Results The age-standardized prevalence of albuminuria, reduced renal function and CKD was 9.9% (male 8.0%, female 12.4%), 1.1% (male 1.3%, female 0.9%) and 11.0%(male 8.8%, female 12.7%), respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in female and increased with age. No significant difference in the prevalence was observed between urban and rural areas. Elder, female, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, dyslipidemia and obesity were associated with CKD independently. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD in Shanghai Pudong New Area is comparable to that previously reported in China or other developed countries, and even higher. CKD is going to be a public health problem and warrants the community-integrated control strategy to prevent the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and related complications.

Bacillus are well known antibiotic producers. In this study,dozens of Bacillus strains from different sources were screened. Among them,a strain with strong antifungal activity was found. With 16S rDNA test and Biolog assay,this strain was identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The fermentation conditions were optimized in small conical flasks. After ammonium sulfate salting out,dialysis,freezing vacuum dehydration,the crude protein extracts were obtained. The thermal stability,pH stability,protease stability,ion stability and antifungal spectrum of this protein were studied further. Scanning electronic microscope was also used to explore the antifungal mechanism.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis of acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis ( AOSPD) , and to discuss its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment strategy. Methods 63 AOSPD cases reported in Chinese and foreign literature from June 1993 to January 2019 were collected. The sex, age of onset, etiology and potential risk factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging findings, treatments and prognosis were recorded. Results The male to female ratio was 53 / 10, and the median age of onset was 59 years. The etiology and risk factors included chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, history of endoscopic intervention and alcoholism before the onset of AOSPD. The main clinical manifestations were epigastric pain and fever, and sepsis and shock might occur in a few cases. The serum amylase was 13-1946 ( IU/L) at the early stage of onset and it decreased to varying degrees after treatments. Imaging examination showed that pancreatic duct dilatation was found in 54 patients and pancreatic duct stones were found in 42 patients. Pancreatic juice culture was bacteria-positive in more than 31 cases, and the common pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus and Escherichia coli. Therapeutic methods included endoscopic pancreatic stent implantation ( n=36 ) , endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (n=22), surgical operation (n=4) and antibiotic treatment, and the condictions in most of the patients were improved to some extent after treatments. Conclusions Older age, male, chronic pancreatic disease, history of endoscopic intervention and drinking, and diabetes mellitus were the main etiological factors of AOSPD. The clinical manifestations of AOSPD were nonspecific but could be complicated by severe complications. Imaging examination and pancreatic juice culture can help to confirm the diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy, timely endoscopic interventions and surgical procedures can improve the short-term prognosis.

Objective To described the prevalence of school physical violence behaviors and to explore its associated factors among middle school students in Beijing. Methods In 2009, a randomly selected cross- sectional survey was conducted among 5718 students in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. A self-report anonymous questionnaire involving physical violence at school and sociodemographic variables, such as sex, grades, family economic status and family structure, peer relationships, and communication with their parents etc. were completed by students themselves.Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between physical violence and sociodemographic variables. Results Among the students, 14.3% reported that they had had physical violence behavior in school during the past 12 months. Male students had been more likely to have physical violence behaviors than female students (Male 25.2%, Female 5.1% ). For both male and female students, poor school cohesion were the risk factors of physical violence behaviors (Male OR=1.060, Female OR=1.065). For male students, factors as father' s lower education level (OR=1.653 ), remarried/single-parent families ( OR = 1.834 ), low-grade ( grade 7 OR = 5.291; grade 11 OR =1.526) , poor school performance (OR=1.470) etc were the risk factors of physical violence behaviors; while better-off family economic status (OR=0.546), good peer relationships (OR=0.618) , and easy to communicate with the father (OR=0.756) were the protective factors of physical violence behaviors. For female students, easy to communicate with her mother (OR = 0.358)were the protective factors of physical violence behaviors. Conclusion For male and female students, the prevalence of school physical violence and its related factors were different. Actions on prevention against physical violence behaviors should be fully considered, including factors as gender, personal characteristics, family, school and peers etc.

OBJECTIVETo study the significance of cytokine IL-1α and S100β expression in formation and evolution of different types of plaques in Alzheimer's disease.

METHODSThirty-four autopsy cases of Alzheimer's disease encountered during the period from 1982 to 2008 were retrieved from the archival files of Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital. Tissue blocks were taken from hippocampus for dual immunostaining for IL-1α/Aβ and S100β/Aβ.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical studied for IL-1α/Aβ and S100β/Aβ delineated four different types of senile plaques: diffuse non-neuritic plaques, diffuse neuritic plaques, dense-core neuritic plaques and dense-core non-neuritic plaques. The numbers of IL-1α-positive microglias and S100β-positive astrocytes associated with diffuse neuritic plaques were (7.29 ± 3.04) per mm(2) and (6.49 ± 2.20) per mm(2), respectively. In contrast, the numbers of IL-1α-positive microglias and S100β-positive astrocytes associated with diffuse non-neuritic plaques, dense-core neuritic plaques and dense-core non-neuritic plaques were (3.24 ± 1.53) per mm(2) and (4.14 ± 1.77) per mm(2), (2.09 ± 1.37) per mm(2) and (2.25 ± 0.83) per mm(2), and (1.38 ± 0.90) per mm(2) and (0.58 ± 0.36) per mm(2), respectively. The numbers of IL-1α-positive microglias and S100β-positive astrocytes associated with diffuse neuritic plaques were significantly higher than those of the other three types of plaques (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe IL-1α-positive microglias and S100β-positive astrocytes may be of certain significance in transformation of diffuse non-neuritic plaques to diffuse neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Astrocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-1alpha ; metabolism ; Male ; Microglia ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factors ; metabolism ; Plaque, Amyloid ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism