Objective To observe the influence of clopidogrel combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on the postoperative complication of percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods The clinical data of 600 patients who were taking clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into observation group (with PPI,n =300) and control group (without PPI,n=300).In-stent restenosis (ISR) and the adverse event rates were compared between the two groups during the period of follow up.Results The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was less in observation group than in control group (6.7％ vs.13.7％,x2 =8.048,P＜0.01),but the incidences of ISR,target vessel revascularization (TVR) and non-fatal myocardial infarction were higher in observation group than in control group(x2 =6.426、5.511、4.718,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Clopidogrel combined with PPI treatment can significantly reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding,but increase the incidences of major adverse cardiovascular events.We suggest that PPI should be used with caution for the patients who need longer-term PPI use.

BACKGROUND:The regional gene therapy of bone defect is to transfer genes capable of accelerating bone healing into target cells, which will transcript the genes into mRNA and translate them into proteins, then the target cells will be stimulated to differentiate under the role of protein, and finally reach the purpose of accelerating bone healing by means of autocrine or paracrine. With the development of cell recombination technique, more and more genes of growth factors involved in the bone repairing have been successfully cloned, which make it possible to treat bone defect with gene therapy. The present status for the regional gene therapy of bone defect is summarized.DATA SOURCES: An online search in Pubmed database was undertaken to identify articles about the regional gene therapy of bone defect published in English from January 1965 to January 2006 by using keywords of "gene therapy,bone defect". Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published from January 2000 to January 2006 were searched in Wanfang database by using the same keywords in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The data were primarily checked, and the references of each article were looked up. Inclusive criteria: related to the regional gene therapy of bone defect. Exclusive criteria: repetitive study or Meta analysis.DATA EXTRACTrON: Totally 237 articles were collected, 32 of them were in accordance with the inclusive criteria, and the other 205 were old or repetitive ones. Of the 32 articles, 4 were about the selection of destination genes, 3 about the selection of target cells, 7 about the selection of gene expression vector, 3 about the methods of gene transfer, 4 about gene therapy combined with tissue engineering in treating bone defect, 5 about polygenes in treating bone defects, and 2 about the problems and prospects in the gene therapy of bone defect.DATA SYNTHESIS: The regional gene therapy of bone defect is a new technique developed base on the basic theoretical cognition of bone regeneration and gene recombination technique, and provides ideal solving program for the treatment of bone defect caused by various reasons. The basic problems mainly include the selection of destination genes, selection of target cells, selection of gene expression vectors and the selection of the methods of gene transfer.The studies about the selection of target cells and methods of gene transfer become mature day by day, bone marrow stromal cells have become the target cells should be selected firstly, and it has been generally acknowledged that ex vivo gene transfer has more obvious advantages than in vivo one. The key problem at present is how to further explain the natural process of the repair of bone defect, and select the most effective component from the signal molecules involved in the process to apply in the gene therapy of bone defect, and further improve the gene expression vector, so as to ensure the safety of gene therapy. It is believed that with the continuously deepened theoretical cognition of bone regeneration and the continuous perfection of gene recombinant technique, the gene therapy of bone defect will finally go out of laboratory, and really serve the patients with bone defect.CONCLUSION: The regional gene therapy of bone defect can effectively activate the activity of bone regeneration at the site of bone defect, also can avoid the problems of immunologic rejection and systematic toxicity caused by the direct application of cytokines, and has good prospects of clinical application. At present, this technique is not completely perfect, and there are many problems to be deeply investigated in destination genes, gene vectors and transfection technique, etc.

Objective To study the relationship of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) autoantibody (AT1-AA) and renal cell apoptosis induced by caspase-12 in diabetic nephropathy (DN)rats.Methods High-sucrose and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) were utilized to establish DN rat model.Serum AT1-AA was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and renal cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Furthermore,the mRNA levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) chaperone protein glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and ERS-associated apoptosis protein caspase-12 were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Additionally,the levels of GRP78 and caspase-12 protein were measured by Western blotting.Results The renal cell apoptosis rate in DN group was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),and the renal cells apoptosis rate in AT1-AA positive DN group was higher than that in AT1-AA negative DN group [(20.05±1.71)％ vs (13.24±4.93)％,P ＜ 0.01].The mRNA expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 in DN group,in comparison to NC group,were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),as well as the proteins (P ＜ 0.01).And the expression of these mRNA and proteins had significant increment in AT1-AA positive DN rats when compared with AT1-AA negative DN rats (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions AT1-AA can induce ERS in the renal tissue of DN rats,and promote renal cell apoptosis likely via the modulation of caspase-12 signaling pathway.

Objective To study the reverse roles of reverse effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the resistance to adriamycin in human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/ADM.Methods The drug sensitivity of A2780/ADM cells was measured by MTT assay.The intracellular concentration of ADM was determined by fluorescent spectrophotometry.The changes of cell apoptosis percentage of A2780/ADM was demonstrated by flow cytometry.Results The IC50 value of TMP in A2780/ADM cell line was significantly decreased by the non-cytotoxic dose or low-cytotoxic dose of TMP.The resistance reversing effect comparing with the IC50 value of ADM cells was respectively 2.07 folds.The intracellular ADM concentration in A2780/ADM cells was significantly elevated by TMP at the same dose and the cell apoptosis percentage was significantly increased by TMP.The expression of P-gp was reduced significantly by TMP.Conclusion TMP could reverse the resistance of human ovarian carcinoma of A2780/ADM cell line to ADM,which may be related to the increased intracellular.

Objective To investigate the expression of ACTH in normal and hyperplastic adrenal cortical tissue, and to explore the relationship between plasma ACTH concentration and expression level of ACTH in adrenal cortical tissue of patients with adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Methods The expression of ACTH in adrenal cortical tissue was examined by immunohistochemical technique, and the result was analyzed by computer-assisted image analyzing system. Besides, plasma ACTH concentration was measured by RIA. The correlation between plasma ACTH concentration and expression level of ACTH in adrenal cortical tissue of patients with adrenal cortical hyperplasia was studied. Results The expression of ACTH was significantly higher in adrenal cortical tissue of patients with ACTH-independent adrenal cortical hyperplasia than those with ACTH-dependent adrenal cortical hyperplasia and normal adrenocortical tissue (both P0.05). Conclusion ACTH expression exists in normal adrenal cortical tissue. Local ACTH overproduction appears to participate in the pathogenesis of ACTH-independent adrenal cortical hyperplasia.The raised concentration of plasma ACTH influences the expression of ACTH in cortical tissue of patients with ACTH-dependent adrenal hyperplasia.

Objective:To detect the expression of cyclin D1 protein and Rb protein in breast cancer and analyze its relationship to carcinogenesis and development.Methods:The expression of cyclin D1 and Rb protein were detected in 52 breast cancer and 20 benige breast tissues by S-P immunohistochemical method.Results:The positivity rate of cyclin D1 overexpression in the breast cancer was 34.6%(18/52),while there was a significant difference compared with that of benign breast tissues 10%(2/20),P

Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke has received wide attention. Now the thrombolytic therapy mainly includes intervenous thrombolysis, intra-arterial thrombolysis, combination of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombolysis. The review mainly presents the recent progress in this field.

Objective:To observe the effect of eupolyphaga seu steleophaga(ESS) on the proliferation of autosom al dom inant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) cyst- lining epithelial cells.Methods:ESS serum and control serum were obtained from SD rats gastrogavaged with ESS water solution and physiological solution.ADPKD cyst- lining epithelial cells were treated with RPMI16 4 0 containing:(1) EGF0 ,2 .5 ,5 ,10 ,2 0 ng/ ml;(2 ) ESS serum and control serum(1% ,2 .5 % , 5 % ) ;(3) EGF10 ng/ ml,ESS serum and control serum(1% ,2 .5 % ,5 % ) .The cell proliferation was determined by Brdu incorporation assay. Results:EGF had a stimulating effect on the ADPKD cyst- lining epithelial cells;the ESS serum significantly inhibited the proliferation of ADPKD cyst- lining epithelial cells compared with control serum;ESS serum also significantly inhibited the proliferation of ADPKD cyst- lining epithelial cells activated by EGF(10 ng/ m l) com pared with control serum.All the effects were dose- dependent.Conclusion:Eupolyphaga seu steleophaga may prolong the progression of ADPKD via the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cyst- lining epithelial cells. [

Aim To observe the effect of DL-buthionine s ulfoximine(DL-BSO) on the radiosensitivity of rat C 6 glioma cells under the a erobic and the hypoxic condition. Methods The source of radiati on was 60Co ?-rays. The rats C 6 glioma cells were treated by radia tion alone or DL-BSO+radiation under the aerobic and the hypoxic condition. Col ony forming assay was used to measure effects of DL-BSO on the radiosensitivity . Results Radiosensitive effect of DL-BSO was time-depedent u nder the aerobic condition. After treatment with 0.1 mmol?L -1 DL-BSO fo r 2, 6, 12 hours, the radiosensitive effect was not observed, whereas an enhance ment of radiosensitivity was seen at 24 and 48 hours. An enhancement of radiosen sitivity was seen at 2～48 hours after treatment with 0.1 mmol?L -1 DL-B SO under the hypoxic condition. The radiosensitive effects related to DL-BSO co ncentration under the aerobic and the hypoxic condition. Conclusion Both under the aerobic and the hypoxic conditions DL-BSO can increase the radio sensitivity of rat C 6 glioma cells. DL-BSO increased the rat C 6 gliom a cells radiosensitivity especially under the hypoxic condition, and radiosensit ive effect of DL-BSO is time and concentration-dependent.

Objective:To test the periodontal regeneration potential after tooth root replantation combined with in vitro cultured periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).Methods:The third and fourth mandibular premolars of two mongrel dogs were extracted and the dog PDLCs were in vitro cultured.The autologous roots combined with PDLCs were replanted into the created cavities in the right mandibular edentulous area one month after premolar extraction.Roots replanted without PDLCs on the left mandible served as the controls. The dogs were sacrificed 2 months after the replantation. Paraffin sections were made and stained with hematoxylin & eosin, then examined histologically.Results:In the samples of root combined with PDLCs implantation, some fiber bundles vertical to the surface of bone were embedded in some inner walls of the alveolar socket opposite to the apical root.Conclusion:Cultured PDLCs in vitro retain the capacity of PDL-like tissue formation even in the artificial alveolar socket.