Objective To observe the anti- inflammation and analgesic action and anti- urarthritis effect of modified Simiao prescription with polysaccharide removal and thus to screen the effective anti- gout components from modified Simiao prescription. Methods Mouse acetic- acid- induced twisting experiment, mouse xylene- induced auricular swelling experiment, and rat sodium- urate- induced pedal swelling experiment were carried out in this study. Results After the removal of polysaccharides, modified Simiao prescription still kept obvious anti- inflammation and analgesic action and in a dose- effect manner. Conclusion Polysaccharides removal has no influence on the anti- inflammation and analgesic action of modified Simiao prescription .

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in the control of HIV-1 infection and replication. HIV-1 evades CTL mediated pressure through viral escape mutations within targeted CTLs epitopes or flanking regions, but this process is usually associated with a viral fitness cost. The mutated epitopes may weaken the level of the original CTL responses, however, the immune system holds potential to mount denovo responses towards those newly emerged epitopes. This article briefly summarizes recent research progress regarding the competition between HIV-1's escape mutations and host CTL responses.
Animals ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Mutation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology

Objective To investigate the relationship among the proliferation of CD4+T cells, the intracellular levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1), and allergic bronchial asthma. Methods Dermatophagoides farinae antigen were prepared as allergen. Twenty-five patients with asthma and 15 healthy individuals were enrolled and divided into blank control group, allergen group and self control group, respectively, after venous blood sample collection. The proliferation of CD4+T cells and the distributions of CD4+/IL-10+, CD4+/TGF-?+1 and CD4+/IL-10+/TGF-?+1 were measuredby flow cytometry (FCM). Results The distributions of CD4+/IL-10+, CD4+/TGF-?+1 and CD4+/IL-10+/TGF-?+1 could hardly be detected in the peripheral blood samples of the blank controls of the patients with asthma and healthy ones. In the allergen group of the healthy individuals, the peripheral blood CD4+T cells were significantly proliferated, and the proportions of CD4+T cells andCD4+/IL-10+ cells were much higher than the self control group, while there was no significantly increase in the proportions of CD4+/TGF-?+1 and CD4+/IL-10+/TGF-?+1 subgroups. In the allergen group of those with asthma, the proportions of peripheral blood CD4+, CD4+/IL-10+, CD4+/TGF-?+1 and CD4+/IL-10+/TGF-?+1 cells were not found significantly increased compared with those self controls. After being activated by allergen, the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+/IL-10+ cells was significantly lower in the patients with asthma than the healthy individuals(P

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultra pulse CO2 laser combined with collagen dressing in treatment of cutaneous amyloidosis.Methods A total of 68 cases of primary cutaneous amyloidosis patients according to the different treatment methods was divided into two groups:the control group (n =33 cases) that was given acitretin capsules oral and topical compound flumetasone ointment packet treatment,and observation group (n =35 cases) with ultra pulse CO2 laser combined with collagen dressing external treatment.Two groups were observed in patients with curative effect and adverse reaction.Results Disease of integral observation group after treatment was significantly lower than the control group(t =3.12,P ＜0.05).The observation group had the efficiency of [88.6％ (31/35)] that was significantly higher than that of control group[17/33(51.5％),x2 =11.23,P ＜.0.01].The observation group had significantly shorter healing time [(5.38 ± 1.81) d] compared to the control group [(10.75 ±2.06)d,t =11.39,P ＜ 0.01].The observation group did not have recurrence,which was significantly different from the control group (x2 =4.90,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ultra pulse CO2 laser combined with collagen dressing in treatment of primary cutaneous amyloidosis is a kind of effective treatment methods with remarkable curative effect and less adverse reactions.It is worthy of clinical application.

According to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the pathogenetic factors such as platelet activation, adhesion, congregation and thrombosis fall into the category of blood stasis, while the pathological changes such as tissue necrosis, oxidative stress injury and inflammation, etc, are far beyond the etiological category of blood stasis. The toxin or the combination and transformation of toxin and blood stasis of TCM are involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. It is significant to recognize and stress the combination and transformation of toxin and stasis in pathogenicity so as to enrich TCM etiology and improve TCM clinical efficacy in the treatment of cerebro-cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases.

Objective To explore the methods of repairing great toe soft tissue defect with the reverse medial pedis island flap with transverse artery of great toe.Methods This study was made up of two parts:an anatomical study and clinical application.In the anatomical study,49 cadaveric feet were injected with red latex and then anostomosis,distribution and external diameters of transverse artery of great toe,the deep branches of the first plantar metatarsal arteries and the deep branches of medial plantar artery were observed.From September 2006 to December 2012,8 cases of soft-tissue defects with the retrograde-flow medial pedis island flaps were harvested to cover the soft tissue defects of great toe.Soft tissue defect was form 2.5 cm × 3.5 cm-3.5 × 4.5 cm.Results There was an arterial circle under the first metatarsophalangeal joint which consisted of transverse artery of great toe,tibial proper plantar digital artery of great toe,fibular proper plantar digital artery of great toe and the distal part of first plantar metatarsal artery.This arterial circle under the first metatarsophalangeal joint and arterial network on the surface of abductor hallucis was responsible for the blood supply of the flap of medial pedis.The diameter of the pedicle was great,and the length of the pedicle was longer than in previous reported.In terms of clinical application,all patients were followed up with the mean of 10 months (range fromn 6-24 months).All flaps survived totally without diabrosis and swelling.The walking and weight-bearing were normal and the blood supply of foot was good.Conclusion Using of arterial circle under the first metatarsophalangeal joint,the medial pedis island flap has a reliable retrograde blood supply.The reverse point of the reverse medial pedis flap moved forward to th interphalangeal joint.This flap should be considered as a preferential way to reconstruct soft-tissue defects of the great toe.

Objective: Our aims were to measure DNA content in primary lung cancer and to study the relationship between the DNA content and TNM stage, histological differentiation of tumor cell, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Methods: The DNA content and cellular proliferation were analyzed using flow cytometry. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL method. Results: (1) The DNA index (DI) distribution ranged from 0.829 to 2.514. There were 41 cases (77.4%) of DNA aneuploid. The distribution of DI and DNA aneuploid was independent of histological subtypes（P>0.05）.(2) With the increase of TNM stage, the DI and the rate of DNA aneuploid increased（P<0.05）.(3) There was relationship between DI and histological differentiation of tumor cell. The DI was higher in tumors of poor differentiation than those in tumors of moderate and good differentiation（P<0.05 and P<0.01）. (4) The cellular proliferation index of aneuploid tumors was significantly higher than that of diploid tumors(P<0.01), while apoptosis index of aneuploid tumors was significantly lower than that of diploid tumors (P<0.01). Conclusion: Correlations exist between DNA content and TNM stage, hiological differentiation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Methods A total of 420 type 2 diabetic patients with duration exceeding 1 year and without acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina,and infection were evaluated. PAD was diagnosed by ankle-brachial index ≤0.90. Risk factors included age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes duration,glycated hemoglobin A[C ( HbA_1C ), uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP),fibrinogen,and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER). Results The prevalence rate of PAD was 16.4%(69/420). Older age, longer diabetes duration,lower HDL-C, higher UAER, hs-CRP and fibrinogen were associated with PAD. Multiple Logistic regression revealed that only age, UAER, hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels were independent risk factors. The prevalence rate of PAD was 4.7%(2/43), 12.9%(27/209) and 23.8%(40/168) in patients of less than 50 years old,50-70 years old and more than 70 years old, and was 7.9%( 14/177),9.3%( 11/118) and 35.2% (44/125) in different hs-CRP group (hs-CRP < 1 mg/L,l-3 mg/L, >3 mg/L), and was 9.7% (30/310) ,34.4%(33/96) and 42.9%(6/14) in normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, and was 12.1%(43/356) and 40.6%(26/64) in different fibrinogen levels group (≤4 g/L and > 4 g/L). Conclusions The prevalence rate of PAD is higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be involved in the development of PAD.

Objective To determine the roles of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) and its antibody in airway inflammatory response in asthmatic mice, and to promote maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in mouse airway. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into group A, B and C. The mice in group B and C were intraperitoneally injected with OVA for allergization while the mice in group A were intraperitoneally injected with PBS as the normal control. The mice in group B and C were treated by inhalation of non-specific IgG and TSLPR IgG respectively, before provocation of asthma using OVA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice in different groups were collected for cell differential counts and quantitative detection of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γand IL-10 levels by ELISA. Moreover, the pulmonary tissue specimens of the mice were collected for pathological examination, and the numbers and phenotypes of DCs from the local lymph nodes and pulmonary tissue were determined by flow cytometry. Results The levels of all the tested cytokines in the BALF from mice in group B and C were remarkably higher compared to those from mice in group A (P<0.01). However, both the IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the BALF from group C mice that pre-blocked with TSLPR IgG were lower than those from group B (P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas both the IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the BALF from group C mice were higher than those from group B (P<0.05, P<0.01). Furthermore, the numbers of total cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes in the BALF from group C mice were also lower than those from group B (P<0.01). A large number of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus, beaker cell proliferation and mucous secretion reinforcement could be found in the samples from group B mice, while slight inflammatory cell infiltration and beaker cell proliferation in the samples from group C mice. The numbers of DCs in mediastinal lymph node and the levels of I-Ad, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression of pulmonary DCs from group B mice were higher than those from group C mice (P<0.05). Conclusion TSLP/TSLPR have an effect on promoting asthma, which is closely relative to its regulation of DCs activation. And the interference of TSLPR antibody can decrease the effect of TSLP/TSLPR which indicating a potential of the antibody as a novel anti-asthma drug.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects of forefoot.

METHODSIn the anatomic study, 50 cadaveric feet were injected with red latex and the anastomosis, distribution and external diameters of medialtarsal artery, medial anterior malleolus artery, medial plantar artery, the superficial branch of the medial basal hallucal artery and saphenousnerve nutritional vessels were observed. Based on anatomic research results, we designed the reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for repairing skin defects of forefoot.

RESULTSThe blood supply of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps were based on the vasoganglion, which consist of arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis and arterial network on the surface of abductor hallucis around the saphenous nerve and medial pedis flap. From Oct. 2006 to Oct. 2011, the reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps were used to repair skin defects of forefoot in 11 cases. The flap size ranged from 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm to 7.5 cm x 8.5 cm. The wounds at donor site were covered with full-thickness skin graft. All flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 11 cases were followed up for 6 to 18 months( mean, 10 months). The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well.

CONCLUSIONSIt is reliable to repair the skin defects of forefoot with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity. This flap should be considered as a preferential way to reconstruct skin defects of forefoot.

Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Cadaver ; Female ; Foot ; blood supply ; innervation ; Forefoot, Human ; injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; anatomy & histology ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Transplant Donor Site ; surgery