The importance of hemodynamic monitoring is reflected in the correct interpretation of the monitoring results and taking simultaneously the appropriate treatment strategy according to the correct interpretation of the results.The essence of the shock is body tissue hypoperfusion,whtich result in tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction.The essence of the hemodynamic imbalance is the imbalance of oxygen supply and oxygen consumption.Therefore,the end point of the fluid resuscitation for shock is now increasing emphasis on monitoring mixed/central venous oxygen saturation and the concentration of blood lactate,the rate of lactate clearance.

The children with septic shock could not be presented in hospitals with PICU facilities first.Furthermore,from a pathophysiologic perspective paediatric shock does not resemble adult septic shock.This suggests that every physician that could be faced with these children needs to understand how to recognize paediattic shock and have basic knowledge of the principles of primary management.

The guide of fluid resuscitation for septic shock is universal instructional.However,different individuals present different pathophysiologic characteristics.The clinicians should pay attention to the specific children when fluid resuscitation was performed.In this article,we discussed the specificity of fluid resuscitation for septic shock.

Because bronchoscopy and CT technology development,the number of confirmed cases of children with airway stenosis have increased every year,but clinical management of pediatric airway constriction is a very thorny issue.This article described the application principles,indications and methods of thermal cauterization,cryotherapy,balloon dilatation airway-plasty and airway stent in airway stenosis.

Sepsis,the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)induced by infection,is the first cause of death of patients in intensive care unit. Early diagnosis of sepsis with the actions of corresponding treatment can improve the prognosis of sepsis.It is an appropriate way to achieve early diagnosis of sepsis that using proteomics methods to detect unknown proteins during early stage of sepsis,in which we search for new protein biomarkers.

Search relative literature according to key words,focus parameters of oxygen metabolism in the diag-nosis and treatment of shock on progress. The importance of hemodynamic monitoring is reflected in the correct interpre-tation of the monitoring results and takes simultaneously the appropriate treatment strategy according to the correct inter-pretation of the results. The essence of the shock is body tissue hypoperfusion,which result in tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction,the essence of the hemodynamic imbalance is the imbalance of oxygen supply and oxygen consumption. The end point of the fluid resuscitation for shock is now increasing emphasis on monitoring mixed / central venous oxygen saturation and the concentration of blood lactate,the rate of lactate clearance.

Extracorporeal life support system (ELSS) can maintain the heart,lung,liver,kidney function and increased cerebral blood supply and reduce intracranial pressure.In addition,for children with emergency and serious disease combined multiple organ failure (MOF),ECLS has an irreplaceable role in gaining time for the treatment of protopathy,which can ultimately reduce mortality and sequelae for children with emergency and serious disease.This review briefly summarizes the indication,pathophysiology and timing of ECLS in pediatric emergency and serious disease.

The application of bronchoscopy intervention is focused on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease infection,central airway and upper airway stenosis for children.There are few reports on the application of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),the indications and timing of the application is not common,and lack of randomized controlled study.Despite this,the present limited study suggests that therapeutic prospects have been shown in the treatment of ARDS with bronchoscopy intervention.

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Serum adiponectin concentration in diabetic nephropathy (DN) group was significantly higher than that of simple diabetes mellitus (SDM) group.In clinical diabetic nephropathy group with massive albuminuria it was remarkably higher than those of normal control,SDM,and early DN.Furthermore,serum adiponectin concentration was positively correlated with urinary albumin excretion rate and negatively correlated with waist hip ratio.Why it is markedly increased in patients with overt DN merits further investigation.