Objective To identify the cell death type and investigate the potential mechanism of ionizing radiation-induced neural cell death in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex.Methods The neonatal Wistar rats were given a single dose of 2.0 Gy γ-irradiation.The cell death type and characterization in cerebral cortex were identified using DNA electrophoresis,TUNEL and HE staining.The P53-and iNOS-positive cells were analyzed quantitatively using immunohistochemistry.Results The DNA and morphological characterization of death cells indicated that 2.0 Gy γ-irradiation induced apoptosis of the neural cells in neonatal rat cerebral cortex.The apoptosis indices in different cortex regions were significantly increased 4 h after irradiation,and reached the peak value at 12 h post-irradiation.The apoptosis index of neoconex was much higher than that of hippocampus(archicortex)and paleocortex,while paleocortex had lower apoptosis index than hippocampus.The quantitative immunohistoehemistry suggested that the numbers of P53 and iNOS-positive cells were not different between these three cortex regions at the same time-point after irradiation.Conclusion 2.0 Gy γ-rays induced apoptosis of the neural cells in neonatal rat cerebral codex.The response of cells to the damage effects of ionizing radiation was similar in different cortex regions;however,the apoptosis indices were different significantly.These findings imply that the developing phase or type of neural cells may play a pivotal role in the apoptosis process induced by ionizing radiation.

BACKGROUND: The presence of various microorganisms in dental unit waterlines has been revealed by numerous reports previously. However, impact of different dental procedures on microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) remains unclearly.OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of dental chair units (DCUs) among different specialty departments in a provincial stomatological hospital. Thus, to propose individual infection control measures for different specialty departments according to their properties of microbial contamination.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS: The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar, blood plates, biochemical testing kit, agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents. These materials were purchased from Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd.METHODS: Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs of different specialty departments in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital. A total of 60 mL, with 6 mL for once sampling of water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday between May and October in 2007. Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of 3 species of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs among different specialty departments were evaluated.RESULTS: Concentration of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs averaged 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL, ranged from 5.15×10 to 1.59×10~3 cfu/mL. The microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Periodontics was significantly higher than that from other departments, while the microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Oral Surgery was the lowest (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs varied from different specialty departments in the provincial stomatological hospital. It is suggested that DUWLs flushing should be performed routinely, especially for the department without frequent use of the high-speed handpiece in the daily work, and extra infection control measures should be adopted for the department with severe clinical operative contamination.

BACKGROUND:Daily flushing of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is believed to be the least expensive and simplest method for reducing the level of microbial contamination in DUWLs.Authorities' guidelines suggest that high-speed handpieces should be run to discharge water for 30 seconds after use on each patient.However,the guideline is inaccurate for clinicians according to the time-dependent flushing since the maximum flow rate of flushing water varied from dental chair units (DCUs).OBJECTIVE:To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs and prevalence of three species of bacteria detected in DUWLs at each flushing volume.Thus,practical water flushing measures could be proposed according to the effect of volume-dependent dental unit waterline flushing on the microbial contamination in DUWLs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Southern Medical University between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS:The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar,blood plates,biochemical testing kit,agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents.These materials were supported by Guangdong Huankai Microbiological Science and Technology Ltd.METHODS:Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs in a stomatologicel hospital.A total of 6 mL,2 mL for once sampling,of continuous water flushing from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU respectively were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday,between May 2007 and October 2007.Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of three species of bacteria in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs at each flushing volume were evaluated.RESULTS:The median concentration of bacteria in water effluent from either the air-water syringe or the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs was 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL,and there were no statistical differences among microbial concentrations of first three 2-mL flushing water samples (P>0.05).Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp.from the third 2-mL flushing water sample demonstrated an obviously higher level than that of Staphylococcus spp.from the first two 2-mL (P < 0.05),while prevalence of Streptococcus spp.and Actinomycete spp.kept at a relative stable level (P > 0.05) at each flushing volume.CONCLUSION:Volume-dependent water flushing procedure stays a more practical measure for reducing microbial contamination in DUWLs rather than time-dependent flushing,but the volume of flushing water needs to be further evaluated.

AIM: To observe the effect of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule (Radix astragli, Rhizoma polygonati, Fructus ligustri lucidi, Radix trichosanthis, Rhizoma drynariae, etc) (SHSB) on the proliferation of bone marrow cells and the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in leukopenia model mice, and to investigate the related mechanism. METHODS: Mouse leukopenia models were made by radiation, the proliferation of bone marrow cells was determined by MTT chromatoptometry, the content of GM-CSF in serum was measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA, and the protein expression of GM-CSF in cultured spleen cells was measured by SP immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: SHSB could promote the proliferation of bone marrow cells; increase the content of GM-CSF in serum and enhance the protein expression of GM-CSF in spleen cells. CONCLUSION: SHSB Granule has the improvement in enhancing the proliferation of bone marrow cells in leucopenia model mice, increasing the content of GM-CSF in serum and the protein expression of GM-CSF in spleen cells.

Coxsackievirus A(CV-A)is a common virus associated with a number of serious human diseases,including menin-gitis,myocarditis,herpangina,conjunctivitis and hand,foot and mouth syndrome. In recent years,with the increase of epidemics events with CV-A as the main pathogen,the studies focusing on the CV-A infection have attracted more attention. In this paper,we comprehensively review the basic characteristics,pathogenesis and potential antiviral drugs of CV-A.

Objective:To establish an Ehrlich reaction-colorimetry method for determining furostanol saponins in saponins extract from Radix Asparagi.Methods: Based on the coloration reaction between furostanol saponins and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,a colorimetry method was established to determine the content of furostanol saponins in saponins extract from Radix Asparagi at 510 nm.Saponins AC-9 was measured as reference in the determination.Results: The standard curve of saponins AC-9 showed good linearity in the range of 0.08-0.40 mg and the average recovery was 99.79%(RSD=(1.05%).) Conclusion: This method is rapid,accurate and easy to be carried out,and it can be used to control the quality of Radix Asparagi.

Objective To assess the awareness of nutrition issues among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to find effective nutrition education models. Methods According to cluster random sampling method,256 T2DM patients from 2 hospitals in Zhengzhou City were enrolled and randomly assigned to the study or control group. The participants in the study group received traditional nutrition education and real object-based diabetic diet guidance, and those in the control group received traditional nutrition education only. Awareness about nutrition and blood glucose levels were compared between the two groups by using independent t test and Chi-square test Results After the intervention, the study group showed significantly higher nutrition scores ( 86. 5 ± 3.8 vs 71.5 ± 4. 6, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and lower 2 h postprandial glucose level ( ( 9. 15 ± 1.06 ) mmol/L vs ( 11.32 ± 0. 84) mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Real object-based diabetic diet teaching could foster the awareness in nutrition and decrease postprandial blood glucose level in T2DM patients.

Objective To study the relationship between ATP level changes detected by hepatic 31P MRS with the pathologic changes of liver in rabbits and to investigate the diagnostic value of ATP level changes in acute hepatic radiation injury. Methods A total of 30 rabbits received different radiation doses ( ranging from 5,10,20 Gy) to establish acute hepatic injury models. Blood hepatic function tests, 31P MRS and pathological examinations were carried out 24 h after irradiation The degree of injury was evaluated according to hepatocyte pathology. Ten healthy rabbits served as controls. The MR examination was performed on a 1.5 T imager using a 1H-31P surface coil with 2D chemical shift imaging technique. The relative quantities of phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured. Analysis of variance was used to compare the results of 31P MRS and histopathology under various acute hepatic radiation injuries, and SNK was used further to conduct comparison between each other if there was significant difference. Results The ATP relative quantification in control( n= 10), mild ( n = 12), moderate ( n = 11 ), and severe ( n = 7 ) injury groups according to pathological grading were 1.83 ± 0. 33, 1.58 ± 0. 25, 1.32 ± 0. 07 and 1.02 ± 0. 18, with significant differences among them (F =22. 878 ,P ＜0. 01 ), and it decreased progressively with the increased degree of injury. The PDE index showed no significant trend for the evaluation of hepatic radiation injury. The area under the peak of β-ATP decreased with the increased severity of radiation injury. Conclusions The relative quantification of hepatic ATP levels can reflect the pathological severity of acute hepatic radiation injury. The decreasing hepatic ATP levels may be used as biomarker of acute liver injury following radiation.

Objective To improve work efficiency and lower management cost. Methods Based on experiences from the 95th hospital in six years, PACS application benefits were analysed from such seven aspects as digital film management,economic benefit, efficiency and quality of diagnosis, evidence support for solving medical dispute,simplified treatment procedures, social effect, and remote disgnosis. Results Better economic benefits and social effect were obtained. Conclusion It is proved by practice that construction of PACS in small & midium-sized hospitals is necessary and feasible.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and summarize the experience of treating patients with hepatic injuries in a primary-care hospital.Methods The clinical data of 230 patients with hepatic injuries from January 2002 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 124 patients were treated with surgery and 106 patients (including two patients who were transferred to another hospital) were managed by conservative treatment.Of 230 patients,204 patients recovered well and 26 patients died.63 cases of severe hepatic injuries (grades Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ),the mortality rate reached 25.4％.Concltsions The important points to success in managing these patients are early diagnosis and adequate assessment of liver injury,proper choice of treatment and using the simplest and the most effective means in surgery to control bleeding.